AP Microeconomics

Which of the following scenarios would be an example of a violation of one of the civil liberties protected by the Bill of Rights?

A federal court refuses to provide a lawyer for a defendant who cannot afford one.

Which were the first well-known parties in the United States?

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans

The idea that a party is not just a group, but an organization that exists apart from its candidate is called the ________.

Party principle

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two cases?

Ruled that speech creating a "clear and present danger" is not protected

Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to the topic of the cartoon?

Schenck v United States (1919)

The President appoints federal judges with the "advice and consent" of the ____.

Senate

In 1975, Congress passed the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, which gave the Department of Transportation the power to regulate the transport of potentially hazardous materials, including radioactive materials. In response, the Department of Transportation set regulations on vehicles transporting hazardous materials, such as requiring additional labels on shipment trucks that warn other vehicles that there is hazardous material in the truck. The action taken by the Department of Transportation is an example of which of the following?

A guideline issued by the federal bureaucracy, which provide specific details about how a policy will be implemented.

Which of the following best characterizes the general argument made in Brutus 1?

A large republic is dangerous to personal liberty and undermines the states.

Which of the following is an accurate summary of James Madison's argument in The Federalist 10?

A large republic presents more opportunities for groups to participate, compete, and limit each other.

The Supreme Court is most likely to view a case concerning which of the following as a symbolic speech case?

A man who was arrested for waving a nazi flag at a rally.

The modern congress is ______; the distance between the parties have _____ over the past 60 years.

Polarized ; increased

Judicial Review enables the Supreme Court to _______.

Strike down laws passed by Congress.

Which of the following scenarios represents a violation of one of the civil liberties protected by the Bill of Rights?

A state compels Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade.

Based on previous rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the freedom of speech clause of the First Amendment?

A teenager is arrested for shouting "Bomb!" in an airport and pointing to his friend's bag, causing people to panic.

When a man unprincipled in private life desperate in his fortune, bold in his temper, possessed of considerable talents, having the advantage of military habits—despotic in his ordinary demeanour—known to have scoffed in private at the principles of liberty—when such a man is seen to mount the hobby horse of popularity—to join in the cry of danger to liberty—to take every opportunity of embarrassing the General Government & bringing it under suspicion—to flatter and fall in with all the non sense of the zealots of the day—It may justly be suspected that his object is to throw things into confusion that he may 'ride the storm and direct the whirlwind'." * Who wrote this?

Alexander Hamilton

Why do most candidates support their party platforms?

Because most candidates and their constituents generally agree with the platform.

Which of the following statements describes why the federal bureaucracy is given discretionary authority to implement public policy?

Bureaucrats are experts and are able to make the best choices on how to implement policy.

Which is not one of the ways political party organizations support candidates?

Buy controlling who runs the House and the Senate races

Which statement best characterizes the American political parties?

Candidates are generally autonomous of the party organization, although they do receive support from the party organization.

A group of elected officials of the same party who come together to organize and strategize is called a _________.

Caucus

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of civil liberties and civil rights?

Comparison 1

The major impact third political parties have on presidential elections has been to . . .

Develop issues that are later adopted by the major political parties.

When the president, the House, and the Senate are controlled by the same party, this is called:

Divided government

Marbury v. Madison is significant because it _______.

Established Judicial Review

In the United States a two-party system . . .

Has existed throughout US history

Which of the following statements explains how the Supreme Court has attempted to balance the power of the government with protections for individual liberties?

In cases involving interpretations of the Second Amendment, the Court has shown a commitment to an individual's right to own a gun.

What has recent analysis of political independents concluded?

Independents are not better informed on candidates, parties or policy.

"The influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular states, but will be unable to spread a general conflagration through the other states: a religious sect may degenerate into a political faction in a part of the confederacy; but the variety of sects dispersed over the entire face of it, must secure the national councils against any danger from that source: a rage for paper money, for an abolition of debts, for an equal division of property, or for any other improper or wicked project, will be less apt to pervade the whole body of the union." -Publius (James Madison), Federalist No. 10, 1787 Which of the following models of representative democracy is most consistent with the passage?

Pluralist Democracy

After Congress proposes a bill to allow businesses to purchase land that was once a national park, several people form an environmental interest group. They reach out to several senators to get their support to block the bill. This is an example of which of the following models of democracy?

Pluralist Democracy

All of the following are recognized functions of the major political parties EXCEPT

Providing payments for supporting interest groups

Which of the following actions by a news organization would most likely be protected from prior restraint based on the precedent established by New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)?

Reporting on a protest that calls for the end of military involvement in South Korea.

A member of the Senate makes a statement to the press that she is unsure of how she is going to vote on a bill. After numerous calls from her constituents asking her to vote for the bill, she votes in support of the bill.

Republicanism

"There are other good things of less moment. I will now add what I do not like [about the Constitution]. First the omission of a bill of rights providing clearly & without the aid of sophisms for freedom of religion, freedom of the press, protection against standing armies, restriction against monopolies, the eternal & unremitting force of the habeas corpus laws, and trials by jury in all matters of fact triable by the laws of the land & not by the law of Nations. . . . Let me add that a bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, & what no just government should refuse or rest on inference." -Thomas Jefferson, letter to James Madison, 20 December 1787 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

The Bill of Rights places necessary restrictions on the federal government's power.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of how the federal government can restrict protected speech under the First Amendment?

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) makes a rule requiring television networks to use an automated beep when a vulgar word is said on broadcast television.

In recent years the Supreme Court has applied the decision across all states that individuals have the right to possess a firearm in the home for self-defense.

The Fourteenth Amendment applied the Second Amendment to the states.

Which of the following amendments is most relevant to the topic of the cartoon?

The Fourth Amendment

Which of the following amendments protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures?

The Fourth Amendment

Based on previous court rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the freedom of the press clause of the First Amendment?

The Government prevents a radio talk show host from reporting on leaked information about surveillance of American allies.

All of the following are reasons why members of a party in government might find it difficult to work together to enact new government programs except:

The Party's National Committee might fail to write an acceptable party platform

Which of the following is the most immediate consequence of impeaching a president?

The President is tried in the Senate.

In the early part of the twenty-first century, public opinion polls showed that a majority of Americans believed it should be illegal to burn the American flag. As a result, many members of Congress introduced amendments to make it illegal to burn or desecrate the American flag. However, these efforts have been unsuccessful. Which of the following statements best explains why these efforts have been unsuccessful?

The Supreme Court has stated such an amendment is unconstitutional, thus blocking its ratification.

In Supreme Court cases that consider the balance of power between the government's protection of the public and ensuring the rights of individuals as related to the Second Amendment, how has the Court usually ruled?

The Supreme Court has usually made decisions that uphold the right of an individual to own a gun.

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the separation of powers is integral to the Constitution not to preserve the prerogatives of each branch of government but to divide governmental powers among the branches so as to keep power diffused—and thereby limited and protective of personal freedom. . . . Thus, even if one branch of government consented to ceding an essential power to another branch, such a giveaway would be unconstitutional. . . .Can the president legally use military force to attack a foreign land without a serious threat or legal obligation or a declaration of war from Congress? In a word: No. Here is the back story. . . [A] bipartisan group of senators offered legislation supported by the president that . . . would permit a president to strike whomever and wherever he pleases. The president would be restrained only by a vote of Congress—after hostilities have commenced. Such a statute would give the president far more powers than he has now, would directly violate Congress' war-making powers by ceding them away to the president, would defy the Supreme Court on the unconstitutionality of giving away core governmental functions, would commit the U.S. to foreign wars without congressional and thus popular support, and would invite dangerous mischief by any president wanting to attack any enemy—real or imagined, old or new—for foreign or domestic political purposes, whether American interests are at stake or not.

The Supreme Court rules on a suit brought by an interest group that legislation permitting the president to launch military strikes without congressional approval is unconstitutional

In the 1950s Southern states attempted to prevent integration of their public schools. In return, the National Guard was sent to force states to implement federal regulations. This scenario illustrates which of the following about the relationship between the state and national governments?

The debate over the role of the central government and state powers is ongoing.

When the Bill of Rights was ratified in 1789, the amendments protected civil liberties infringement from which levels of government?

The federal government only

Republicanism is best defined as which of the following?

The system by which the interests of the people are represented through elected leaders.

All of the following are indications of how pervasive the two-party system is in US government EXCEPT

The need for the Electoral College

Which of the following best describes the message in the political cartoon?

The patronage system leads to corruption.

Policy gridlock is most likely to occur when . . .

The president is of a different party from the majority party in Congress

Gordon D. Sondland, the United States ambassador to the European Union, testified on Nov. 20 that he was following President Trump's orders, with the full knowledge of other top administration officials, when he pressured the Ukrainians to conduct investigations into Mr. Trump's political rivals in what he called a clear "___________."

quid pro quo