AP psych chapter 2

In an experiment, researchers manipulate one factor to see its effect on a target factor. What is this target factor called?

dependent variable

A correlation coefficient is a measure of the

direction and strength of the relationship between two variables

To minimize the extent to which outcome differences between experimental and control conditions can be attributed to placebo effects, researchers make use of

double-blind procedure

To study the development of relationships, Dr. Rajiv carefully observed and recorded patterns of verbal and nonverbal behaviors among boys and girls in the school yard. Which research method did Dr. Rajiv employ?

naturalistic observation

If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are

negatively correlated

When provided with the unscrambled solution to anagrams, people underestimate the difficulty of solving the anagrams by themselves. This best illustrates

overconfidence

To learn about the TV viewing habits of all the children attending Oakbridge School, professor DeVries randomly selected and interviewed 50 of the schools students. In this instance, all the children attending the school are considered to be a

population

If college graduates typically earn more money than high school graduates, this would indicate that level of education and income are

positively correlated

To accurately infer cause and effect, experimenters should use

random assignment

To study the effects of noise on worker productivity, researchers have one group of subjects work in a noisy room and a second group work in a quiet room. To ensure that any differences in the productivity of the two groups actually result from the different noise levels to which the groups are exposed, the researchers would use

random assignment

Which procedure helps to ensure that the participants in a survey are representative of a larger population?

random sampling

Professor Ambra was skeptical about the accuracy of recently reported research on sleep deprivation. Which process would best enable her to assess the reliability of these findings?

replication

George was worried about his bakery's new cupcakes after two customers disliked them on the first day, but when he surveyed his customers over the next week, more than 90% of the customers said they loved them. By giving too much weight to those two customers before the survey, George almost committed an error known as

sampling bias

Which of the following is a measure of the degree of variation among a set of events?

standard deviation

A researcher interested in investigating the attitudes or opinions of a large sample of people is most likely to use which research method?

survey

The range is

the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

Which of the following is the best definition of illusory correlation?

a perceived but nonexistent correlation

An experiment was designed to study the potential impact of alcohol consumption on emotional stability. A specification of the procedures used to measure emotional stability illustrates

an operational definition

Professor Delano suggests that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in getting a job. The professor's prediction regarding employment success is an example of

hypothesis

In a group of five individuals, two report annual incomes of $10,000, and the other three report incomes of $14,000, $15,000, and $31,000, respectively. The mode of this groups distribution of annual incomes is

$10,000

Which of the following correlation coefficients expresses the weakest degree of relationship between two variables?

-0.12

Which of the following correlations between self-esteem and body weight would enable you to most accurately predict body weight from knowledge of level of self-esteem?

0.00

Mr. and Mrs. Klostreich have six children aged 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, and 16. The mean age of the Klostreich children is

8

Which of the following is true for those assigned to the experimental group in an experiment?

The experimental group receives the experimental treatment

If the correlation between the physical weight and reading ability of children is +0.85, this would indicate that

better reading ability is associated with greater physical weight among children

To understand the unusual behavior of an adult client, a clinical psychologist carefully investigates the clients current life situation and his physical, social-cultural, and educational history. Which research method has the psychologist used?

case study

To examine assumptions, discern hidden values, evaluate evidence, and assess conclusions is to engage in

critical thinking

A research method in which an investigator manipulates factors that potentially produce a particular behavior is called a

experiment

The distributions of which of the following types of data are most likely to form a normal curve?

height

Professor Smith told one class that alcohol consumption has been found to increase sexual desire. He informed another class that alcohol consumption has been found to reduce sexual appetite. The fact that neither class was surprised by the information they received best illustrates the power of

hindsight bias