ap psych midterm exam
according to freud, dreams are
a symbolic fulfillment of erotic wishes
georgie is exposed to a short wavelength with a tall amplitude. it is likely she is perceiving
a very loud piccolo
in order to focus near and far objects on the retina, the lens changes its shape through a process called
accommodation
A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the
action potential
the depolarization of a neural membrane can create an ____
action potential
epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the
adrenal glands
what are the molecules that are similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor sites on a dendrite and mimic the neurotransmitter's effects called
agonists
Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is
all-or-none response
Frequency is to amplitude as ______ is to _______.
amplitude, loudness
Botulin is a poison with a molecular structure so similar to acetylcholine (ACh) that it blocks the effects of ACh in synapses, making botulin which kind of molecule?
antagonist
In psychology, behavior is best defined as
any action we can observe and record
A psychologist who studies how worker productivity might be increased by changing office layout is engaged in _____ research.
applied
A person whose EEG shows a high proportion of alpha waves is most likely:
awake and relaxed
what is not one of the basic tastes
bland
the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, no receptor cells are located there
blind spot
Cortical areas that are not primarily concerned with sensory, motor, or language functions are:
called association areas
In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the ________ of a single neuron.
cell body to the axons to the dendrites
our inability to fall asleep as early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of
circadian rhythym
The way we encode, process, store, and retrieve information is the primary concern of the _____ perspective.
cognitive
dr lennon investigates how a person's interpretation of a situation affects his or her reaction. dr lennon is working from the ___ persepctive
cognitive
Which subfield is most directly concerned with studying human behavior in the workplace?
industrial/organizational psychology
kinesthesis involves
information from the muscles, tendons, and joints.
the peripheral nervous system is to sensory neurons as the central nervous system is to
interneurons
which of the following are located exclusively within the brain and spinal cord
interneurons
a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening
iris
a synapse is an
junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron
According to the gate-control theory, a way to alleviate chronic pain would be to stimulate the _____ nerve fibers that _____ the spinal gate.
large, close
the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina
lens
Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the ______ of a sound.
location
Jill dreams that she trips and falls as she walks up the steps to the stage to receive her diploma. Her psychoanalyst suggests that the dream might symbolize her fear of moving on to the next stage of her life—a career. The analyst is evidently attempting to interpret the _____ content of Jill's dream.
manifest
Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.
manifest
when light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ____ production by the pineal gland
melatonin
When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is
muscular paralysis
Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter using?
naturalistic observation
Dendrites are branching extensions of
neurons
The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called
neurotransmitters
the visual cortex is located in the
occipital lobe
which of the following would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your home
olfactory receptors
carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
optic nerve
Psychological Theories __
organize scientific observations, explain observed facts, generate hypotheses
the phantom limb sensation indicates that
pain involves the brain's interpretation of neural activity.
If shoe size and IQ are negatively correlated, which of the following is true?
people with small feet tend to have high IQs
which of the following is typically controlled by the right hemisphere
perceptual tasks
the nineteenth century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person's abilities and traits is called
phrenology
At the age of 22, Mrs. LaBlanc was less than 4 feet tall. Her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the
pituitary gland
the best explanation for how we understand and process the high pitch of a violin, with frequency of more than 100 waves per second comes from
place theory
the greek philosopher who believed that intelligence was inherited was
plato
of the four distinct skin senses, the only one that has definable receptors is
pressure
which individual was also a physician
psychiatrist
adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
pupil
The sleep cycle is approximately ________ minutes.
90
How does pain differ from other senses?
It has no single stimulus,It is influenced by both physical and psychological phenomena,It has no special receptors.
circadian rhythms are the
regular body cycles that occur on a 24-hour schedule
Alpha waves are associated with
relaxed but awake state
The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the rods and cones, is the
retina
receptor cells that detect black, white, and grey and are necessary for peripheral and night vision
rods
An experimenter flashes the word FLYTRAP onto a screen facing a split-brain patient so that FLY projects to her right hemisphere and TRAP to her left hemisphere. When asked what she saw, the patient will
say she saw TRAP
The axon of a resting neuron has gates that do not allow positive sodium ions to pass through the cell membrane. What is this characteristic called?
selective permeability
jared believes that psychologists should go back to using introspection as a research tool. this technique is based on __
self examination of mental processes
What enables you to feel yourself wiggling your toes even with your eyes closed?
sense of kinesthesis
The parietal lobes are to ________ as the occipital lobes are to ________.
sensing touch, seeing
a cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer
sensorineural hearing loss
the principle that one sense may influence another is
sensory interaction
Sleep spindles predominate during which stage of sleep?
stage 2
sleeptalking may occur during
stage 3 sleep
When Mr. Valdez thought his 1-year-old daughter had fallen down the stairs, his heartbeat accelerated, his blood pressure rose, and he began to perspire heavily. Mr. Valdez's state of arousal was activated by his ________ nervous system.
sympathetic
wernicke's area is located in which lobe of the brain
temporal
REM sleep is referred to as paradoxical sleep because:
the body's muscles remain relaxed while the brain and eyes are active
According to the activation-synthesis theory, dreaming represents:
the brain's efforts to integrate unrelated bursts of activity in visual brain areas
The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the
threshold
Dr. Johnson briefly flashed a picture of a key in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The patient could probably:
verbally report that a key was seen
The ability to detect whether your body is in a horizontal or vertical position depends most directly on
vestibular senses
Damage to ________ will usually cause a person to lose the ability to comprehend language.
wernicke's area
which of the following is typically controlled by the left hemisphere
word recognition
The first psychological laboratory was established by
wundt
Who would be most likely to agree with the statement, "Psychology is the science of mental life?"
wundt
which of the following research methods doesnt belong
experiment
consciousness includes which of the following
focused attention, sleeping, hypnosis
central point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster
fovea
Your roommate is conducting a survey to learn how many hours the typical college student studies each day. She plans to pass out her questionnaire to the members of her sorority. You point out that her findings will be flawed because:
the sample will probably not be representative of the population of interest
The young-Helmholtz theory suggests that humans perceive color through
Cones on the retina that contain three different color receptors (red green blue)
At 3 in the morning John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues we can expect an increasing occurrence of
REM sleep
receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and detect fine detail and color
cones
Why are cones, rather than rods, better able to detect fine detail?
cones have a direct connection to bipolar cells, whereas rods share bipolar cells with other rods
protects the eye and bends light to provide focus
cornea
Research has found that the amount of representation in the motor cortex reflects the
degree of precise control required by each of the parts
An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to
depression
the biopsychosocial approach emphasizes the importance of
different levels of analysis in exploring behavior and mental processes
If Jared watches a nurse give him an injection, he experiences more pain than if he closes his eyes during the procedure and thinks about his favorite food. This illustrates the value of ________ for pain control.
distraction
Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as
endorphins
Following a nail gun wound to his head, Jack became more uninhibited, irritable, dishonest, and profane. It is likely that his personality change was the result of injury to his:
frontal lobe
Raccoons have much more precise control of their paws than dogs. You would expect that raccoons have more cortical space dedicated to "paw control" in the ________ of their brains.
frontal lobes
Dylan has recovered from extensive injury to his left cerebral hemisphere and has continued his career. His occupation is most likely: A) Accountant B) English Teacher C) Journalist D) Lawyer E) Graphic Artist
graphic artist
which of the following relies heavily on kinesthetic and vestibular senses
gymnast
3- year old Marco suffered damage to the speech area of the brain's left hemisphere when he fell from a swing. Research suggests that
his right hemisphere may take over much of the language function
rogers and maslow are most closely associated with
humanistic psychology
a split-brain patient has a picture of a knife flashed to the left hemisphere and that of a fork to her right hemisphere. she will be able to
identify the fork using her left hand
in an experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss, dieting would be the ___
independent variable
Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by caffeine consumption?
the experiment
After the horror of 9/11, many people said the CIA and FBI should obviously have foreseen the likelihood of this form of terrorism. This perception most clearly illustrates
the hindsight bias
