AP Psych Midterm
Akira believes that her son has become a good student because she always praises his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a _ perspective.
Behavioral
The American Psychological Association and British Psychological Society have developed ethical principles urging investigators to
explain the research to the participants after the study has been completed.
Hypotheses are best described as
predictions.
Deaf people who use sign language typically
process language in their left cerebral hemisphere.
As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming from this paper. Which type of neuron is carrying this message to the brain?
sensory
For you to experience the pain of a sprained ankle, _ must first relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous system.
sensory neurons
Dr. Kozak has concluded that the unusually low incidence of alcohol dependence among citizens of a small African country can be attributed to strong fundamentalist religious influences in that region. This belief best illustrates a _ perspective.
social-cultural
Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a _ perspective.
social-cultural
When the observed difference between the means of an experimental group and control group are not likely due to chance, researchers conclude that this difference is
statistically significant.
Sir Charles Sherrington observed that impulses took more time to travel a neural pathway than he might have anticipated. His observation provided evidence for the existence of
synaptic gaps.
Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell?
thalamus
The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the
threshold.
In the hypothesis "Students who study a list of terms in the morning, just after waking up, will recall more terms than students who study the list just before falling asleep," what is the independent variable?
time of day
The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of
touch.
Heritability refers to the extent to which
trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations.
To estimate trait heritability, researchers are most likely to make use of
twin studies.
Fraternal twins originate from the fertilization of
two egg cells by to sperm cells.
The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on
unconscious conflicts.
According to the text, the SQ3R study method is effective because it
utilizes active processing of the text info.
Your friend is taking her first psychology class. She comes to you saying, "I don't understand why we are studying the brain; I thought this was a psychology class." Because of your background in psychology, your best response should be
"Everything psychological is simultaneously biological."
Which of the following correlation coefficients expresses the weakest degree of relationship between two variables?
-0.12
Mr. and Mrs. Berry have five children aged 2, 3, 7, 9, and 9. The median age of the Berry children is
7.
Which philosopher was the first to conclude that knowledge results from our memories of our experiences?
Aristotle
In a class lecture, Professor Hampton emphasized the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders. The professor's lecture highlighted a _ perspective on psychological disorders.
Biological
Mr. Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Mr. Lopez favors a _ perspective on depression.
Biological
Who highlighted the reproductive advantages of environmentally adaptive traits?
Charles Darwin
Dr. Preston is a specialist who goes to areas that have been hit by natural disasters and works with teams there to manage the resulting crisis among the members of the public who have been affected. Dr. Preston is most likely a _ psychologist.
Community
In an experiment designed to study the effectiveness of a new drug, research participants who receive a placebo are participating in the _ condition.
Control
A theoretical perspective in psychology can be like a two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional object because each perspective is
limited in its scope.
Mr. Kay is interested in whether individual differences affect learning. Mr. Kay is most likely an _ psychologist.
Educational
Who used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of mind?
Edward Titchener
In the 1960s, humanistic psychologists considered the approach advanced by behaviorists to be excessively
limited.
Which perspective would suggest that the facial expressions associated with the emotions of lust and rage are inherited?
Evolutionary
The psychologist who would be least likely to participate in devising ways to improve teaching and learning in a classroom would be an _ psychologist.
Experimental
What is the primary limitation of the case study research method?
Individual cases can be misleading and result in false generalizations.
Which of the following psychologists most clearly rejected the value of introspection?
John B. Watson
Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is tabula rasa or a "blank state"?
John Locke
In a distribution of test scores, which measure of central tendency would likely be the most affected by a couple of extremely high scores?
Mean
Which measure of central tendency would a baseball manager be most likely to rely on in picking a pinch hitter in a tie game?
Mean
Dr. Wilcox conducts basic research on the behavioral differences between shy and outgoing people. Dr. Wilcox is most likely a _ psychologist.
Personality
Which technique involves repeating the essence of an earlier research study with different participants and in different circumstances?
Replication
Why would the median, rather than the mean, be the appropriate measure of central tendency in determining housing values in a particular community?
The median is minimally affected by extreme scores.
Charles Darwin believed that behaviors, such as the emotional expressions associated with human rage, could be explained by natural selection. Which early psychologist would be most likely to agree with Darwin's assessment?
William James
Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the complexity of Janna's difficulties requires
a biopsychosocial approach.
The information carried in a gene is expressed as
a protein.
Identical twins originate from the fertilization of
a single egg cell by two sperm cells.
Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to distinguish between
causes and effects.
Which neural center in the limbic system plays a central role in emotions such as aggression and fear?
amygdala
When you question whether anecdotal evidence can be generalized to all people, you are applying
critical thinking.
Margaret has difficulty speaking in front of her classmates and explains to a friend, "Everybody in my family is shy, so it must be genetic." Using the biopsychosocial approach to understanding her behavior, Margaret should
examine additional psychological and social-cultural influences on shyness.
Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles located on knoblike terminals at the end of the
axon.
Nerves are neural cables containing many
axons.
When people discuss the "nature vs. nurture" controversy, Nature refers to _ and Nurture refers to _.
biology; environment
Descartes' theory of how our brain controlled our reflexes involved which of the following?
brain fluid and "animal spirits"
In explaining human behavior , psychoanalysts are likely to focus on _, whereas humanistic psychologists concentrate on _.
childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes; current environmental influences on potential
The threadlike structures that contain genes are called
chromosomes.
Split-brain patients have had their _ surgically cut.
corpus callosum
Chromosomes are composed of
deoxyribonucleic acid.
In an experiment, researchers manipulate one factor to see its effect on a target factor. What is this target factor called?
dependent variable
A brain lesion refers to _ of brain tissue.
destruction
As a health psychologist, Dr. Rowell would be most likely involved in
determining the effectiveness of a new campaign to reduce teen smoking.
The method of introspection was used by Titchener to identify
elements of sensory experience .
Put the following terms in order, from smallest to largest.
genes, DNA, chromosomes
Twin studies suggest that a strong influence on emotional instability comes from
genetic predispositions.
Mr. Brown uses his knowledge of a person's cognitive processes to design computer programs that are easier to use. Mr. Brown is most likely a _ psychologist.
human factors
Which of the following are located exclusively within the brain and spinal cord?
inter neurons
In Wilhelm Wundt's experiments, participants were asked to press a key as soon as they were consciously aware of perceiving a sound. By asking participants to examine and report their conscious experiences, Wundt was making use of which of the following?
introspection
Which of the following innovations differentiated Wilhelm Wundt's research the most from any psychologist before him?
laboratory research
Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a
lesion.
The neural system located at the border between the brainstem and the cerebral hemispheres is known as the
limbic system.
The biggest danger of relying case-study evidence is that it
may be unrepresentative of what is generally true.
Professional psychological associations require researchers to
minimize infection, illness, and pain in animal subjects.
An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the
motor cortex.
The biopsychosocial approach provides an understanding of social-cultural influences integrated within the larger framework of
multiple levels of analysis.
When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is
muscular paralysis.
Evolutionary psychology studies the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of
natural selection.
The body's speedy, electrochemical information system is called the
nervous system.
Physical exercise and exposure to stimulating environments are most likely to promote
neurogenesis.
The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called
neurotransmitters.
Which region of the brain it will a fMRI show as active when a person is looking at a photo?
occipital lobes
The process of replication is most likely to be facilitated by
operational definitions.
Which of the following structures in the brainstem helps coordinate movements and lies above the medulla?
pons
Natural selection acts on
populations.
Megan was certain that she would never live far away from her family. However, in order to further her career, she decided to move. Megan's experience best illustrates
overconfidence.
When provided with the unscrambled solution to anagrams, people underestimate the difficulty of solving the anagrams by themselves. This best illustrates
overconfidence.
The nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person's abilities and traits is called
phrenology.
Which procedure helps to ensure that the participants in a survey are representative of a larger population?
random sampling
To assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her college, Ariana sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the college registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Ariana employed the technique of
random sampling.
Which brain structure might be most active when answering the question "What do the following words have in common: plane, butter, insect?"
right hemisphere
Wilhelm Wundt's early experiments were attempts to investigate which area of psychology?
the simplest mental processes
Epigenetics refers to
the study of how the environment triggers genetic expression.
