AP Psych Unit 11

If approached on the street by a stranger and asked to make a guess about their IQ scores, your best guess would be

100

The most widely used modern intelligence test was developed by

Louis Terman

Intelligence Test

a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

longitudinal study

research that follows and retests the same people over time

People are said to have an intellectual disability if they have difficulty adapting to the demands of independent living and have IQ scores below

70

Cohort

A group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as from a given time period.

Which of the following individuals would best represent our understanding of lfuid versus crystallized intelligence?

Alice is 25 and has discovered a new chemical element.

What would be true of a thermometer that always reads three degrees lower than the actual temperature?

It is reliable but not valid.

Which of the following is one of Robert Sternberg's types of intelligence?

Practical intelligence

Heritability

The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.

Predictive Validity

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (Also called criterion-related validity)

What is the benefit of standardizing an intelligence test?

To provide a basis for comparing scores against a pretested group.

savant syndrome

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

Intellectual Disability

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound

Down Syndrome

a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21

Mental Age

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age

Stereotype Threat

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

factor analysis

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score.

achievement test

a test designed to assess what a person has learned

aptitude test

a test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn

General Intelligence (g)

according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Intelligent Quotient

defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ= ma/ca x 100)

Standardization

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

If Lanie is able to tell when her husband is upset by noticing subtle changes in his facial expressions, she might be said to have a high degree of

emotional intelligence

Charles Spearman's g refers to

general intelligence

The Flynn effect refers to the

gradual increase in average intelligence score of the general population over the last several decades.

Grit

in psychology, grit is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.

Researchers studying the effects of genes on intelligence have found that

intelligence is affected by many genes working together.

Achievement tests are to aptitude tests as

measurement is to prediction

The original formula for a child's intelligence quotient compared a child's

mental age to his or her chronological age.

Fluid Intelligence

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood

crystallized intelligence

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

The purpose of Alfred Binet's early intelligence test was to

predict how children would do in school.

Students who do well on college entrance exams generally do well in their first year of college. This helps establish that these exams have

predictive validity

cross-sectional study

research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time

Howard Gardner found evidence of multiple intelligence's in individuals who scored low on intelligence but had an area of exceptional ability-- for example, to make complex calculations. These people have

savant syndrome

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

the WAIS and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.

Intelligence

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

emotional intelligence

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Heritability of intelligence refers to

the amount of group variation in intelligence that can be attributed to genetics.

Normal Curve

the bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes

Validity

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Content Validity

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest

Reliablity

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting.

If the scores on an intelligence test form a normal curve with a standard deviation of 15,

the mean, median, and mode are 100; 68% of scores are between 85 and 115.

Standford-Binet

the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test.