AP Psych Unit 2 MC Practice

The depolarization of a neural membrane can create a(n) a) action potential b) myelin sheath c) lesion d) neural network e) interneuron

a) action potential

If a blind person uses one finger to read Braille, the brain area dedicated to that finger expands as the sense of touch invades the visual cortex. This is an example of a) brain plasticity b) hemispheric specialization c) neural prosthetics d) integrated association areas e) aphasia

a) brain plasticity

Nerve cells in the brain receive life-supporting nutrients and insulating myelin from a) glial cells b) neurotransmitters c) motor neurons d) hormones e) sensory neurons

a) glial cells

An adaptation is an inherited physical or behavioral characteristic that a) increases an organism's chance for survival b) is ecologically disruptive c) enables an organism to control its environment d) may or may not benefit the organism e) has no effect on fitness

a) increases an organism's chance for survival

The function of dendrites is to a) receive incoming signals from other neurons. b) release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons. c) coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. d) control pain through the release of opiate-like chemicals into the brain. e) transmit signals to the other neurons.

a) receive incoming signals from other neurons.

Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted a) reproductive success b) personal happiness c) cultural diversity d) heritability e) behavior genetics

a) reproductive success

Which region of your brain stem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name? a) reticular formation b) cerebellum c) hypothalamus d) amygdala e) medulla

a) reticular formation

Sarah was able to jerk her hand out of the scalding water before sensing any pain because this withdrawal reflex a) was activated by interneurons in her spinal cord b) did not involve activity in her central nervous system c) was activated by the rapidly responding brain d) was activated by her self-regulating autonomic nervous system e) was controlled by both her nervous system and impulses from her endocrine system

a) was activated by interneurons in her spinal cord

Botulin is a poison with a molecular structure so similar to acetylcholine (ACh) that it blocks the effects of ACh in synapses, making botulin which kind of molecule? a) agonist b) antagonist c) endorphin d) endocrine e) autonomic

b) antagonist

The medulla is the to the control of _____________ as the cerebellum is to the control of the _____________. a) eating; sleeping b) breathing; walking c) emotion; motivation d) memory; attention e) hearing; seeing

b) breathing; walking

Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the a) medulla b) corpus callosum c) angular gyrus d) limbic systems e) reticular formations

b) corpus callosum

The localization of a function such as speech production to the right or left side of the brain is called a) neurogenesis b) lateralization c) hemispherectomy d) plasticity e) reticular formation

b) lateralization

After Kate's serious motorcycle accident, the doctors detected damage to her cerebellum. Kate is more likely to have difficulty a) experiencing intense emotions b) reading printed words c) understanding what others are saying d) tasting the flavors of foods e) play her guitar

b) reading printed words

Prozac, a drug commonly prescribed to treat depression, prevents the sending neuron from taking in excess serotonin. Which process does this drug prevent from taking place? a) depolarization b) reuptake c) the all-or-none response d) an action potential e) a refractory period

b) reuptake

The parietal lobes are to _______________ as the occipital lobes are to _____________. a) hearing; speaking b) sensing touch; seeing c) sensing pleasure; sensing pain d) tasting; smelling e) speaking; seeing

b) sensing touch; seeing

As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming from this paper. Which type of neuron is carrying the message to the brain? a) interneuron b) sensory c) presynaptic d) motor e) efferent

b) sensory

When Mr. Valdez thought that his 1-year-old daughter had fallen down the stairs, his heartbeat accelerated, his blood pressure rose, and he began to perspire heavily. Mr. Valdez's state of arousal was activated by his _________ nervous system. a) parasympathetic b) sympathetic c) somatic d) sensorimotor e) central

b) sympathetic

The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the a) reflex b) threshold c) synapse d) action potential e) refractory period

b) threshold

Which of the following best describes how the brain processes and controls language? a) Speech is such an important function of the brain that the right temporal lobe is devoted to it. b) Speech is primarily controlled by the occipital lobes, although association areas in the parietal lobes are also involved. c) Subfunction of speech (such as producing speech, reading aloud. and understanding speech) are processed by different parts of the brain. d) Men and women process speech in different parts of the brain, determined primarily by genetics and early environmental conditions. e) The brainstem processes the basic parts of the speech and communicates with the frontal lobe's motor cortex.

c) Subfunction of speech (such as producing speech, reading aloud. and understanding speech) are processed by different parts of the brain.

Which of the following describes evidence for the brain's dual-processing ability? a) The right occipital lobe perceives stimuli from our left visual field. b) The corpus callosum allows impulses to travel between the two hemispheres. c) The brainstem keeps our heart beating while the cerebral cortex maintains awareness of the outside world. d) The amygdala shares responsibility for some basic emotions with the hypothalamus and endocrine system e) The cerebral cortex is divided into two sets of lobes on each hemisphere.

c) The brainstem keeps our heart beating while the cerebral cortex maintains awareness of the outside world.

A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the a) synapse b) agonist c) action potential d) myelin sheath e) refractory period

c) action potential

Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is a) inhibited by the myelin sheath. b) delayed by the refractory period. c) an all-or-none response. d) dependent on neurotransmitter molecules. e) primarily electrical rather than chemical.

c) an all-or-none response.

Someone who has difficulty speaking after a stroke is suffering from which of the following? a) neurogenesis b)lesion c) aphasia d) angular gyrus e) interneurons

c) aphasia

Assessing the relative effects of nature and nurture on individual differences in personality would be of most direct interest to a) evolutionary psychologists b) humanistic psychologists c) behavior genetics d) Freudian Psychologists e) psychometricians

c) behavior genetics

When people discuss the "nature vs. nurture" controversy, Nature refers to________ and Nature refers to ________. a) genes; heredity b) chromosomes; genetics c) biology; environment d) DNA; hormones e) thinking; behavior

c) biology; environment

Animal research has revealed a general reward system that triggers the release of the neurotransmitter a) ACh b) GABA c) dopamine d) epinehrine e) serotonin

c) dopamine

An area of the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the a) angular gyrus b) hypothalamus c) motor cortex d) reticular formation e) frontal association area

c) motor cortex

Identical twins separated at birth would be most likely to have similar a) political ideas b) religious beliefs c) personality d) norms e) food preferences

c) personality

The spatial junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one to another are called a) neurotransmitters b) neural networks c) synapses d) axons e) thresholds

c) synapses

Heritability refers to the extent to which a) unrelated individual share common genes b) genetic mutations can be transmitted to one's offspring c) trait differences among individuals are attributed to genetic variations d) adult personality is determined by infant personality e) nurture controls a trait rather than nature

c) trait differences among individuals are attributed to genetic variations

Two plants are grown under the same environmental conditions, including the same soil conditions and the same amount of light and water, but one grows to 2 feet tall and the other is 1 foot tall. In this case, the heritability would be closest to a) 5 percent b) 25 percent c) 50 percent d) 80 percent e) 95 percent

d) 80 percent

What is the main difference between an MRI scan and a fMRI scan? a) MRI scans are able to show internal structures of the brain, fMRI scans can also show external structures. b) MRI scans use X-rays, fMRI scans use gamma rays. c) MRI scans measure glucose levels in the brain, fMRI measures oxygen levels. d) MRI scans show structural details of the brain, fMRI scan show structure and activity levels. e) MRI scans can measure brainwave activity, fMRI scans use a series of X-ray images to show structural details.

d) MRI scans show structural details of the brain, fMRI scan show structure and activity levels.

The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n) a) MRI b) brain lesion c) EEG d) PET scan e) hemispherectomy

d) PET scan

The original regions that are not directly involved in sensory or motor functions are known as a) interneurons b) Broca's area c) frontal lobes d) association areas e) parietal lobes

d) association areas

The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionary oldest newest is a) limbic system; brainstem; cerebral cortex. b) brainstem; cerebral cortex; limbic system. c) limbic system; cerebral cortex; brainste. d) brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex. e) cerebral cotex; brainstem; limbic system.

d) brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex.

An under-supply of serotonin is most closely linked to a) Alzheimer's disease b) schizophrenia c) Parkinson's disease d) depression e) euphoria

d) depression

The tremors of Parkinson's disease result from the death of nerve cells that produce the neurotransmitter a) serotonin b) ACh c) GABA d) dopamine e) acetylcholine

d) dopamine

Surgical destruction of the brain tissue is called a(n) a) endorphin b) EEG c) synapse d) lesion e) MRI

d) lesion

If professor Kosiba lesions the amygdala of a laboratory rat, the rat will most likely become a) hungry b) sexually aroused c) physically uncoordinated d) less aggressive e) aphasic

d) less aggressive

Compared with women, men are____________ likeley to sacrafice to gain sex and __________ likely to precieve warm responses as a sexual come-on. a) less; more b) more; less c) not; less d) more; more e) not; more

d) more; more

A PET scan of a patient looking at a photograph of a painting would most likely indicate high levels of activity in which brain structure? a) sensory cortex b) Broca's area c) corpus callosum d) occipital lobes e) frontal lobes

d) occipital lobes

Consciousness is a) the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember. b) the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. c) effortless encoding of incidental information into memory. d) our awareness of ourselves and our environment. e) brain waves that indicate we are not reacting to a stimulus.

d) our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Reuptake refers to the a) movement of neurotransmitter molecule across a synaptic gap b) release of hormones into the bloodstream c) inflow of positively charged ions through an axon membrane d) reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecule by a sending neuron e) the end of the refractory period

d) reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecule by a sending neuron

Someone trying to figure out an optical illusion is probably experiencing increased brain waves and blood flow to which brain structure? a) left hemisphere b) thalamus c) reticular formation d) right hemisphere e) medulla

d) right hemisphere

The brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell? a) hippocampus b) amygdala c) pons d) thalamus e) medulla

d) thalamus

A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time, a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to a) use her left hand to point to the picture of a dog b) verbally report that she saw a dog c) use her left hand to point to the picture of a boy d) verbally report that she saw a boy e) communicate that saw a picture of a bow with a dog

d) verbally report that she saw a boy

Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your a) cerebellum b) amygdala c) hypothalamus d) sympathetic nervous system e) cerebral cortex

e) cerebral cortex

Put the following terms in order, from smallest to largest. a) chromosomes, genes, DNA b) genes, chromosomes, DNA c) DNA, genes, chromosomes d) DNA, chromosomes, genes e) genes, DNA, chromosomes

e) genes, DNA, chromosomes

Thinking about sex (in your brain's cerebral cortex) can stimulate a region of the limbic system to secrete hormones. These hormones trigger the pituitary gland to influence hormones released by other glands of the body. Which brain region influences the endocrine system? a) hippocampus b) amygdala c) thalamus d) reticular formation e) hypohalamus

e) hypothalamus

Motor neurons are to the ______________ nervous system as interneurons are to the ________________ nervous system. a) sympathetic; parasympathetic b) central; peripheral c) autonomic; somatic d) parasympathetic; sympathetic e) peripheral; central

e) peripheral; central