AP Psych: Unit 4 Quizzes

A subliminal message is one that is presented A: below one's absolute threshold for awareness B: with very soft background music C: while an individual is under hypnosis D: repetitiously E: in a manner that is unconsciously persuasive

a

Depth perception that uses information transmitted to only one eye depends on A: monocular cues B: lightness constancy C: relative luminance D: perceptual adaptation E: stroboscopic movement

a

During a hearing test, many sounds were presented at such a low level of intensity that Mr. Antall could hardly detect them. These sounds were below Mr. Antall's A: absolute threshold B: adaptation threshold C: difference threshold D: auditory threshold E: subliminal threshold

a

Experiments with the visual cliff suggest that A: the ability to perceive depth is at least partly innate B: humans must learn to recognize depth C: our brains don't learn how to combine signals from both eyes until months after birth D: binocular cues are more important than monocular cues E: unlike other animals, humans do not perceive depth until about 8 months of age

a

Hearing a sequence of sounds of different pitches is to _____ as recognizing the sound sequence as a familiar melody is to _____. A: sensation; perception B: sensory interaction; feature detection C: the just noticeable difference; accommodation D: absolute threshold; difference threshold E: feature detection; sensory interaction

a

Humans experience the longest visible electromagnetic waves as A: the color red and the shortest visible waves as blue-violet B: the color black and the shortest visible waves as white C: the color red and the shortest visible waves as green D: the color blue and the shortest visible waves as yellow E: the color blue-violet and the shortest visible waves as red

a

A time lag between left and right auditory stimulation is important for accurately A: recognizing rhythms B: locating sounds C: determining frequency D: detecting pitch E: judging amplitude

b

As the brain receives information about the lines, angles, and edges of objects in the environment, higher-level cells process and interpret the information to consciously recognize objects. This best illustrates A: bottom-up processing B: perception C: psychophysics D: sensation E: selective attention

b

The classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open a neural gate in the _____ A: semicircular canals B: spinal cord C: fovea D: olfactory bulb E: basilar membrane

b

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures that sound waves pass through on the way to the auditory nerve? A: cochlea, hammer, anvil, stirrup, eardrum B: eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, cochlea C: inner ear, middle ear, cochlea, eardrum D: hammer, anvil, stirrup, eardrum, cochlea E: hammer, eardrum, basilar membrane, cochlea

b

Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the A: feature detectors B: cerebral cortex C: optic nerve D: occipital lobe E: sensory receptors

e

If the just-noticeable difference for a 10-ounce weight is 1 ounce, the just noticeable difference for an 80-ounce weight would be _____ ounce(s) A: 10 B: 4 C: 1 D: 2 E: 8

e

Kinesthesis refers to the A: process of organizing and interpreting sensory information B: quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation C: process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural signals D: diminished sensitivity to an unchanged stimulus E: system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

e

Sensation is to _____ as perception is to _____ A: organization; accommodation B: interpretation; organization C: encoding; detection D: threshold; transduction E: detection; interpretation

e

The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called A: change blindness B: frequency C: sensory interaction D: gestalt E: the cocktail party effect

e

Many researchers believe that pleasing tastes attracted our ancestors to energy or protein-rich foods that enabled their survival. Such researchers are most likely A: evolutionary psychologists B: behavior psychologists C: molecular geneticists D: neuropsychologists E: behaviorists

a

The minimum amount of a stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50% of the time is called the A: absolute threshold B: adaptation threshold C: difference threshold D: change threshold E: subliminal threshold

a

The process by which we select, organize, and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects and events is called A: perception B: accommodation C: parallel processing D: sensation E: sensory adaptation

a

The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies by the nervous system is called A: sensation B: accommodation C: perception D: synesthesia E: priming

a

What is the purpose of the eardrum? A: to transmit sound from the air to the bones of the middle ear B: vibration of the eardrum directly causes ripples in the basilar membrane C: movement of the eardrum directly causes the stirrup to vibrate D: axons of the eardrum converge to form the auditory nerve, which sends auditory messages to the brain E: transduction of sound waves into neural messages occurs in the eardrum

a

Which of the following is the correct order of structures light passes through in the eye? A: cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina B: pupil, optic nerve, retina, lens,rods C: retina, lens, cornea, rods, cones D: pupil, cornea, retina, lens, optic nerve E: lens, cornea, pupil, retina, iris

a

Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina? A: dilation of the pupil B: sensory adaptation of feature detectors C: focusing light effectively on the fovea D: accomomdation of the lens E: transduction of the blind spot

a

While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them and carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates A: change blindness B: blind spot C: gate-control theory D: top-down processing E: bottom-up processing

a

According to the Young-Helmholtz theory A: color vision depends on pairs of opposing retinal processes B: the optic nerve processes top-down stimuli C: the retina contains three kinds of color receptors D: the size of the difference threshold is proportional to the intensity of the stimulus E: certain nerve cells in the brain respond to specific features of a stimulus

c

As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear to grow larger. This best illustrates A: closure B: size constancy C: linear perspective D: binocular cues E: convergence

c

Damage to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup is most likely to cause A: synesthesia B: prosopagnosia C: conduction hearing loss D: sensorineural hearing loss E: phantom limb sensations

c

Researchers found that 40% of people focused on repeating a list of challenging words failed to notice a change in the person speaking. This best illustrates A: priming B: the difference threshold C: change deafness D: the blind spot E: feature detectors

c

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the A: blind spot B: cornea C: pupil D: fovea E: iris

c

The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the A: semicircular canal B: eustachian tube C: cochlea D: vestibular apparatus E: auditory canal

c

The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as A: relative height B: continuity C: linear perspective D: closure E: interposition

c

Trying to see a hidden representational image in a piece of abstract art by looking carefully at each element in the picture and trying to form an image employs which kind of perceptual process? A: interposition B: retinal display C: bottom-up processing D: selective attention E: perceptual adaptation

c

Under very dim levels of illumination A: rods fire according to place theory to perceive the available light B: the iris expands to allow more light to reach the retina C: rods are more light-sensitive than cones D: foveas react to increase the sensitivity of the optic nerve E: feature detectors in the retina activate

c

Visual information is processed by A: the optic nerve before it is processed by ganglion cells B: feature detectors before it is processed by rods and cones C: ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors D: bipolar cells before it is processed by rods and cones E: feature detectors before it is processed by bipolar cells

c

When looking at the hands of a clock showing 8 o'clock, certain brain cells in the visual cortex are more responsive than when the hands show 10 o'clock. This is most indicative of A: perceptual adaptation B: sensory interaction C: feature detection D: accommodation E: parallel processing

c

Which theory can best explain why people respond differently to the same stimuli? A: the Young-Helmholtz theory B: bottom-up theory C: signal detection theory D: frequency theory E: opponent-process theory

c

Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts? A: psychoanalysts B: evolutionary psychologists C: Gestalt psychologists D: parapsychologists E: behaviorists

c

With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of A: subliminal stimulation B: accommodation C: sensory interaction D: sensory adaptation E: sensory transduction

c

A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer A: loss of movement B: conduction hearing loss C: loss of balance D: sensorineural hearing loss E: loss of position

d

Bipolar cells are located in the A: blind spot B: optic nerve C: cochlea D: retina E: lens

d

Clairvoyance refers to A: perception of future events, such as a person's fate B: extrasensory transmission of thoughts from one mind to another C: ability to interpret neural patterns as perceptions D: extrasensory perception of events that occur at places remote to the perceiver E: ability to understand and share the emotions of another person

d

Hair cells line the surface of the A: fovea B: auditory nerve C: feature detectors D: basilar membrane E: eardrum

d

If an image falls on the eye's blind spot, you do not detect it. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon? A: Rods must share bipolar cells with other rods, which affects how an image is perceived B: An image that is not projected on the fovea will not be perceived C: The curvature of the lens must accommodate to the incoming light levels or the image will not be seen D: The image is not perceived because without receptor cells, transduction cannot occur E: When the eye stops moving, the sight would vanish

d

In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. This illustrated A: figure-ground B: blind spot C: opponent-process theory D: inattentional blindness E: visual cliff

d

In response to harmful stimulus, _____ initiate neural impulses leading to the sensation of pain A: feature detectors B: ganglion fibers C: bipolar cells D: nociceptors E: vestibular sacs

d

Interposition is a cue for depth perception in which closer objects A: reflect light to one eye more quickly than the other B: reflect more light to our eyes than do distant objects C: create larger retinal images than do distant objects D: obstruct our view of distant objects E: appear lower in the horizontal plane than do distant objects

d

Movement of hair cells along the basilar membrane A: causes the olfactory bulb to send signals to the primary smell cortex B: stimulates the taste receptor cells and helps us to distinguish between different taste sensations C: produces large-fiber activity in the spinal cord that closes the "gate" so we don't feel pain D: initiates transduction and the transmission of neural messages to the auditory cortex E: allows us to sense our body's position and movement

d

Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the A: semicircular canals B: inner ear C: cochlea D: middle ear E: vestibular sacs

d

Standing in the checkout line at the grocery store, Jerry kept looking at his watch to see the time. As a result, he failed to see that a store employee was being robbed by a person just in front of him. Jerry most clearly suffered A: sensory interaction B: feature detectors C: blind spot D: inattentional blindness E: place theory

d

The McGurk effect best illustrates A: the rubber-hand illusion B: tinnitus C: phantom limb sensations D: sensory interaction E: color constancy

d

The mechanical vibrations triggered by sound waves are transduced into neural impulses by A: the eardrum B: the oval window C: the vestibular apparatus D: hair cells E: the auditory cortex

d

The perceived size of an object is most strongly influenced by that object's perceived A: color B: motion C: frequency D: distance E: shape

d

Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of A: sensory interaction B: sensory adaptation C: parallel processing D: difference thresholds E: absolute thresholds

d

When most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage of the square is A: white B: blue C: yellow D: green E: red

d

Which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride? A: olfactory receptors B: feature detectors C: basilar membrane D: semicircular canals E: eardrum

d

The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates A: kinesthesis B: blindsight C: subliminal perception D: sensory interaction E: parallel processing

e

The area of the brain that receives information from the nose is directly connected with the limbic system. This connection may explain why smells are often involved in which of the following? A: altered states of consciousness B: pain sensations C: retinal disparity D: subliminal perception E: vivid memories

e

The direct link between a single cone and a single _____ preserves the fine details in the cone's message A: cochlea B: blind spot C: rod D: ganglion cell E: bipolar cell

e

The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as A: feature detection B: sensory interaction C: the difference threshold D: the opponent-process theory E: Weber's law

e

Which of the following would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your home? A: feature detectors B: bipolar cells C: basilar membrane D: vestibular sacs E: olfactory receptors

e

Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds? A: place theory B: opponent-process theory C: bottom-up theory D: frequency theory E: signal detection theory

e