Ap psych unit 7

symptoms must be sufficiently severe to interfere with one's daily life and well being

Distress and Dysfunction

- Those with less control on the situation -Those traumatized more frequently

PTSD

Sought to reform brutal treatment by promoting a new understanding of the nature of mental disorders, sought moral treatment

Philippe Pinel

Mrs. Coleman is a withdrawn schizophrenia patient. To help her become more socially active, institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of

a token economy

When Murli told his therapist, "I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded, "It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of

active listening

Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of

agoraphobia.

Mrs. Swift is alarmed by her own intrusive and irrational thoughts that her house is contaminated by germs. Her experience best illustrates the agitating effects of

an obsession.

Xanax and Ativan are ________ drugs.

anti-anxiety

Systematic desensitization involves

associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli

Larry has difficulty organizing his daily schedule of work responsibilities. He often makes careless mistakes or fails to copmete his work because he is easily distracted. Larry's behavior is most characteristic of

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

In treating alcohol dependence, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as

aversive conditioning

A deluded Scotsman,Daniel M'Naughten, tried to assassinate a government offical in 1843. He was sent to a mental hospital rather than to a prison because he was judged to

be insane.

The risk of suicide is greatest when people

begin to rebound from their depression

Ron is a 22-year-old mechanic who suffers from claustrophobia. The most effective way to treat Ron's problem would involve ________ therapy.

behavior

After George learned that MRs. Min suffered from schizophrenia, he mistakenly concluded that her tendencies to laugh easily and smile frequently were symptoms of her disorder. This best illustrates the

biasing power of diagnostic labels.

It has been suggested that compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contribute to the survival of the human species. This idea best illustrates the _____________ perspective.

biological

Linkage analysis is of greatest interest to those who attempt to explain mood disorders from a _____________ perspective.

biological

The treatment of serious psychological disorders with prescribed medications or medical procedures that directly influence the nervous system is called

biomedical therapy

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

biopsychosocial approach

George Frideric Handel composed his Messiah during three weeks of intense, creative energy. Many believed Handel suffered a mild form of

bipolar disorder

In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?

bipolar disorder

Neuroscientists have found decreased axonal white matter in the brains of people with

bipolar disorder.

Rats that received unpredicable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders may result from

classical conditioning.

The DSM-IV-TR is most clearly designed to ______________ psychological disorders.

classify

In one massive experiment, potentially delinquent boys were assigned to a 5-year treatment program that included professional counseling and family assistance. Many years later, Joan McCord's investigation of this program's effectiveness revealed that

clients' accounts of the program's effectiveness were often misleading and overly positive

Psychologists with a Ph.D. or Psy.D. who specialize in the practice of psychotherapy are typically

clinical psychologists.

Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because of their negative interpretations of events?

cognitive therapy

Melanie's therapist suggests that when she feels anxious, she should attribute her arousal to her highly reactive nervous system and shift her attention to playing a game with her 5-year-old son. This suggestion best illustrates

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat. The mother's strategy best illustrates

counterconditioning

The highest rates of depression occur in ____________ countries among ___________________.

developed; young adults

differing from the norm

deviant

Mental health workers label behavior as disordered when it is

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional.

The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of

diagnostic labels.

A state of mental/behavioral ill health

disorder

Dr. Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients. She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns, and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors. Dr. Byrne's therapeutic approach would best be described as

eclectic

The prominent feature of mood disorders is the experience of

emotional extremes

The DSM-IV-TR does NOT

explain the causes of the various psychological disorders.

Transference refers to a client's

expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships.

According to the social-cognitive perspective, women are more vulnerable to depression than men because they are more likely to

feel overwhelmed by all they have to do.

When Molly told her therapist about her frightening car accident, the therapist instructed her to close her eyes and verbalize any further thoughts stimulated by this experience, even if they were scary or embarrassing. The therapist was making use of a technique known as

free association

Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from

generalized anxiety disorder.

Suicide rates in the United States are ______________ among Whites than Blacks and _______________ among men than women.

higher; higher

By boosting serotnin, antidepressant drugs stimulate the growth of neurons in the

hippocampus.

Instead of focusing on unconscious and repressed thoughts and impulses, ________ therapies focus on conscious thoughts and self-perceptions.

humanistic

Some people are move vulnurable to PTSD because they have a sensitive ______________, which floods the body with stress hormones.

limbic system

Compared with the general population, those who have suffered ______________ have at least five times greater risk of suicide.

major depressive disorder

Sluggishness and inactivity are most likely to be associated with

major depressive disorder

In comparison to generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder is characterized by periods of distress that are

more intense and less prolonged.

Gaining relief from negative thoughts through the distraction of pain is one of the motives for

non-suicidal self-injury

Drugs that alleviate mania tend to reduce levels of the neurotrasmitter

norepinephrine.

Brain scans of people with ____________ reveal higher than normal activity in brain areas involved in habitual behaviors.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Cecil is preoccupied with thoughts of jumping out the window of his tenth-floor apartment. To reduce his anxiety, he frequently counts his heartbeats aloud. Cecil would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

finding a collection of symptoms that tend to go together, and not just seeing a single symptom

patterns

Behavioral conditioning therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of

phobias

Incapacitating efforts to avoid specific anxiety-producing situations is most indicative of certain

phobias.

Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is

preventing her from functioning effectively.

According to the __________ perspective, anxiety is sometimes produced by the submerged mental energy associated with repressed impulses.

psychoanalytic

Nate's past relationships with his mother, his former wife, and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a

psychodynamic therapist

Psychological disorders that researchers believe are learned, such as phobias, are most likely to be treated with

psychotherapy

Most political dissidents who survive dozens of episodes of torture do not later exhibit PTSD. This best illustrates survivor

resiliency.

According to the medical model, psychological disorders are

sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and in most cases cured.

A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates

stimulus generalization.

The incidence of OCD is greatest among

teens and young adults

The placebo effect refers to

the beneficial consequences of merely expecting that a treatment will be effective.

Both the inseparability of mind and body and the interactin of nature and nurture are most clearly emphasized by

the biopsychosocial approach.

One group of ocean voyagers is given a new but untested pill for seasickness and a second group is given an inactive pill. Neither the voyagers nor the experimental researchers know which group has received the new pill. In this experiment, the investigators are making use of

the double-blind procedure

Mr. Gotanda mistakenly believed that a single intake interview in which he simply described his numerous symptoms to a therapist was a treatment for his distress. His immediate relief from many of his symptoms following this session best illustrates

the placebo effect

A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is one who

uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic approaches

Rational-emotive behavior therapies are most likely to

vigorously challenge clients' self-defeating ways of thinking

Research regarding depression indicates that

with each new generation, depression is increasing in its prevalence.

After discontinuing heavy use of an antianxiety drug, Angela experienced increased anxiety and difficulty sleeping. Angela was experiencing symptoms of

withdrawal