AP Psychology biology

The division of the nervous system that most directly allows voluntary muscle movement is the

somatic

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

A decrease in heart rate

Which of the following would most likely result from an injury to the medulla?

A life-threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing

The network of structures involved in emotion, motivation, and memory is the

limbic system

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the

medulla

The brain's ability to adapt after it is damaged is known as

plasticity

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him.Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with Ted's fear response?

Amygdala

Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following?

Broca's area

Which of the following parts of the brain is most active in decision-making?

Cerebral cortex

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

Difficulty with speech production

In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions?

Epilepsy

A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. Which of the following brain areas is most likely injured?

Frontal lobe

Which of the following is true about the pons?

It is the region of the brain that is most closely associated with sleep and arousal.

Stimulation of which of the following brain areas will lead a person to eat?

Lateral hypothalamus

Which of the following is brain-imaging technique that produces the most detailed picture of brain structure?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Which chemical is most closely associated with sleep?

Melatonin

Which of the following brain regions is the part of the cerebral cortex that is most responsible for the processing of visual stimuli?

Occipital lobe

It is well established that certain autonomic responses such as heart rate, perspiration, and respiration change under stress. In view of the fact that people generally have stronger autonomic responses when lying than when telling the truth, it follows that the polygraph would be a foolproof approach to lie detection. Which statement best explains why the polygraph is not more widely used in courtrooms and in testing of job applicants?

Physiological arousal is much the same for several emotions, so the polygraph cannot always reliably distinguish guilt from other reactions.

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Rudy has chronic trouble staying awake in class. What part of the brain is most likely responsible for Rudy's drowsiness?

Reticular formation

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?

Reticular formation

If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?

Right parietal lobe

George was involved in an accident and experienced head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident?

The occipital lobe

After sustaining a traumatic injury, Russ is having difficulty comprehending the meaning of words. Which of the following parts of his brain has most likely been damaged?

Wernicke's area

A polygraph machine is often called a "lie detector," although it does not detect lies. Instead, it responds to changes in

autonomic arousal

Difficulty in typing smoothly on a keyboard would most likely result from damage to the

cerebellum

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called

electroencephalography (EEG)

The limbic system is most closely associated with

emotions

Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the patient to

hear sounds

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the

hypothalamus

The pituitary gland is controlled by the

hypothalamus

Brain lateralization refers to the

inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the

left cerebral hemisphere

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the

sympathetic nervous system

Damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to be associated with difficulty in

understanding language

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a

visual deficit