AP Psychology Ch.15 & 16 (Mods 43-50) Study Guide [4/21 Quiz 12]

Which of the following is not a common criticism of behavior therapy?

All of the above are criticisms of behavior therapy.

Which of the following was presented in the text as evidence of biological influences on anxiety disorders?

All of the above were presented.

At the present time, the most effective drug for the treatment of schizophrenia is:

Clozaril.

Which of the following is true concerning abnormal behavior?

Definitions of abnormal behavior are culture-dependent.

Valium would most likely be prescribed in order to help:

Jerome overcome feelings of nervous apprehension and an inability to relax.

DSM-IV would be most useful do deciding whether:

Katie is chronically depressed.

Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of disordered behaviors is not true?

Labels interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders.

Which of the following individuals is most likely to suffer from schizophrenia?

Neeltje, whose parents were both diagnosed as having schizophrenia when Neeltje was 18

A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by:

a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal.

An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by:

a lack of guilt feelings.

A condition in which an individual is overexcited, hyperactive, and wildly optimistic is known as:

a manic episode.

Jeff is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several elderly people out of their life's savings, and he seems to have little feelings for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of:

a personality disorder.

Of the following therapists, who would be most likely to interpret a person's psychological problems in terms of repressed impulses?

a psychoanalyst

Who would be most likely to anticipate that patients are often motivated to avoid fully complying with specific therapeutic instructions?

a psychoanalyst

People are more likely to recover from ________ schizophrenia than from ___________ schizophrenia.

acute; chronic

Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of:

agoraphobia.

People are especially vulnerable to suicide if they suffer from:

alcoholism.

Behavior is classified as disordered when it is:

all of the above.

Social-cognitive theorists contend that depression is linked with:

all of the above.

Abraham's doctor prescribes medication that increases the availability of nonrepinephrine in his nervous system. Evidently, Abraham is being treated with an _______ drug.

antidepressant

Sluggishness, tremors, and twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease are most likely to be associated with the excessive use of certain _________ drugs.

antipsychotic

Which of the following disorders is more common among men than women?

antisocial personality disorder

There is some evidence that a relatively low level of autonomic nervous system arousal may contribute to:

antisocial personality disorder.

People are most likely to profit from psychotherapy if they:

are verbally articulate about a specific behavior problem that is troubling them.

Most mental health workers today take the view that disordered behaviors:

arise from the interaction of nature and nurture.

In which form of therapy is unwanted behavior systematically associated with unpleasant experiences?

aversive conditioning

Using techniques of classical conditioning to develop an association between unwanted behavior and an unpleasant experience is known as:

aversive conditioning.

Ron is 22-year-old mechanic who suffers from claustrophobia. The most effective way to treat Ron's problem would involve _______ therapy.

behavior

Which type of psychotherapy focuses on changing unwanted behaviors rather than on discovering their underlying causes?

behavior therapy

The greatest problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often:

bias our perceptions of the labeled person.

It has been suggests that compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to the survival of the human species. This idea best illustrates the _________ perspective.

biological

George Fredrick Handel composed his Messiah during three weeks of intense, creative energy. Many believe Handel suffered a mild form of:

bipolar disorder.

Although Mrs. Petrides usually sits passively in a motionless stupor, she sometimes repetitiously shakes her head or waves her arms. She most likely suffers from:

catatonia.

DSM-IV is most likely to be criticized for:

classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychologically disorders.

Given that Jim's therapist attempts to help him by offering genuineness, acceptance, and empathy, she is probably practicing:

client-centered therapy.

After Darnel dropped a pass in an important football game, he became depressed and vowed to quit the team because of his athletic incompetence. The campus psychologist challenged his illogical reasoning and pointed out that Darnel's "incompetence" had earned him an athletic scholarship. The psychologist's response was most typical of a ________ therapist.

cognitive

Which of the following types of therapy does not belong with the others?

cognitive therapy

Melanie's therapist suggests that when she feels anxious, Melanie should attribute her arousal to her highly reactive nervous system and shift her attention to playing a game with her preschool child. This suggestion best illustrates:

cognitive-behavior therapy.

Repeatedly washing your hands is to _______ as repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ________.

compulsion; obsession

Mr. Hunt believes that he is the President of the United States and that he will soon become the "King of the Universe." Mr. Hunt is most clearly suffering from:

delusions.

Research suggests that abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine may contribute to:

depression.

The psychoanalytic perspective would most likely view phobias as:

displaced responses to incompletely repressed impulses.

William, an airplane pilot, is unable to remember anything of a bombing raid in which his plane was severely damaged and two crew members were killed. Because he himself suffered no physical injuries, psychologists suspect that William probable suffers from a:

dissociative disorder.

As a child, Monica was criticized severely by her mother for not living up to her expectations. This criticism was always followed by a beating with a whip. As an adult, Monica is generally introverted and extremely shy. Sometimes, however, she acts more like a young girl, throwing tantrums if she doesn't get her way. At other times, she is flirting, happy-go-lucky young lady. Most likely, Monica is suffering from:

dissociative identity disorder.

A biological perspective would be least helpful for explaining the:

dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the past 30 years or so years.

Which of the following procedures is most likely to result in a slight loss of memory?

electroconvulsive therapy

Controlled research studies indicate that the value of EMDR actually results from the effectiveness of:

exposure therapy.

Learning theorists have suggested that a generalized anxiety disorder result from:

exposure to unpredictable aversive events.

Major depression is most likely to be characterized by:

feelings of personal worthlessness.

Bill, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Bill most likely suffers from a(n):

generalized anxiety disorder.

During the manic phase of a bipolar disorder, individuals are most likely to experience:

high self-esteem.

Suicide rates in the United States are _______ among Whites than Blacks and ________ among men than women.

higher; higher

Family therapy differs from other forms of psychotherapy because if focuses on:

how family tensions may cause individual problems.

DSM-IV bases diagnoses on observable behavior in order to:

improve the reliability of diagnoses.

The diagnostic reliability of DSM-IV

is relatively high.

Among schizophrenia patients, the fluid-filled areas of the brain are abnormally ______ and the thalamus is abnormally _______.

large; small

Before he can study, Rashid must arrange his books, pencils, paper, and other items on his desk so that they are "just so." The campus counselor suggests that Rashid's compulsive behavior may help alleviate his anxiety about failing in school, which reinforces the compulsive actions. This explanation of obsessive-compulsive behavior is most consistent with which perspective?

learning

When expecting to be electrically shocked, people with an antisocial disorder, as compared to normal people, show:

less fear and less autonomic arousal.

For the past 6 months, a woman has complained of feeling isolated from others, dissatisfied with life, and discouraged about the future. This woman could be diagnosed as suffering from:

major depressive disorder.

Elmer, the owner of an auto service station, suddenly began smashing the front fenders and hoods of two customer's cars. When asked why, he excitedly but incoherently explained that he was transforming the cars into "real racing machines." When an employee tried to restrain him, he shouted that everybody was fired and quickly began breaking the car windows. Elmer is exhibiting symptoms of:

mania.

Many psychologists disliked using DSM-IV because of its:

medical model bias.

Compared with other American Jews, those who survived the Holocaust trauma have been _______ likely to have seen a psychotherapist and _______ likely to have had stable marriages.

more; more

The term psychotic disorders is most often used as a contrast to the less _________ debilitating _______ disorders.

neurotic

Drugs that alleviate mania tend to reduce levels of the neurotransmitter:

norepinephrine.

Mrs. Swift is alarmed by her own persistent and irrational thoughts of murdering her young children. Her experience best illustrates the agitating effects of a(n):

obsession.

The approach that has helped autistic children learn to function successfully in school involves:

operant conditioning.

Irene occasionally experiences unpredictable episodes of intense dread accompanied by chest pains and a sensation of smothering. Since her symptoms have no apparent cause, they would probably be classified as indicative of:

panic attack.

Which of the following is not a symptom of schizophrenia?

panic attacks

In general, women are more vulnerable than men to _________ disorders such as _________.

passive; depression

Which of the following is characterized by persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation?

phobia

Joe has an intense, irrational fear of snakes. He is suffering from a(n):

phobia.

When schizophrenia is slow to develop, called _________ schizophrenia, recovery is _________.

process; unlikely

Connie's therapist has suggested that he depression stems from unresolved anger toward her parents. Evidently, Connie's therapist is working within the ________ perspective.

psychoanalytic

Jordan's therapist suggests that Jordan developed a dissociative identity disorder in order to misbehave without feeling a strong sense of personal shame. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

psychoanalytic

Laura's husband died 3 years ago, but she is still depressed. Her therapist suggests that she is really angry at her husband for abandoning her. The therapist's interpretation reflects the _______ perspective.

psychoanalytic

Which perspective suggests that depression is a reaction to loss and the internalization of unresolved anger toward parents?

psychoanalytic

Lis is so fearful of taking college tests that she experiences mild anxiety when registering for a course, intense anxiety when studying for a test, and extreme anxiety when answering actual test questions. Her greatest fear, however, is experienced while waiting for a professor to hand the tests out to the class. During the process of systematically desensitizing her test anxiety, the therapist is likely to ask Liz first to imagine:

registering for a college course.

After sports magazines give cover-story attention to the outstanding performance of an athlete, the individual often suffers a real decline in performance. This is so-called "Sports Illustrated jinx" may be at least partially explained in terms of:

regression toward the mean.

Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that ________ facilitates the elimination of fear.

relaxation

Evidence that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder are triggered by the suggestions and leading questions of therapists most clearly points out the importance of _________ in the onset of this disorder.

role playing

In which type of disorder is a person's speech likely to be so full of unrelated words and phrases that it could be characterized as a "world salad"?

schizophrenia

Which of the following is considered to be a psychotic disorder?

schizophrenia

Evidence suggests that prenatal viral infections contribute to:

schizophrenia.

Low birth weight is known a risk factor for:

schizophrenia.

Many psychologists believe the disorganized thoughts of people with schizophrenia result from a breakdown in:

selective attention.

The social-cognitive perspective has emphasized that depression is perpetuated by:

self-blaming attributions.

When children are told that certain classmates are learning disabled, they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of these students in the classroom. This best illustrates the dangers of:

self-fulfilling prophecies.

According to the social-cognitive perspective, women are more vulnerable to depression than men because they are more likely to:

sense a lack of personal control over their lives.

According to the medical model, psychological disorders are:

sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and cured.

Ken's therapist suggested that his depression is a result of his self-defeating thoughts and negative assumptions about himself, his situation, and his future. Evidently, Ken's therapist is working within the ________ perspective.

social-cognitive

Students who receive unusually high scores on their first psychology test can reasonably anticipate ________ scores on their second psychology test.

somewhat lower

Replacing a negative response with a positive response is to systematic desensitization as replacing a positive response with a negative response is to:

systematic desensitization

The discovery that psychologically disordered behavior could result from syphilis infections facilitated the credibility and acceptance of:

the medical model.

Inflated estimates of the value of therapeutic touch are largely attributable to:

the placebo effect.

Those with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with:

their own self-importance.

Gender differences in the prevalence of depression may be partly due to the fact that when stressful experiences occur, women tend to ________ while men tend to ________.

think; act

Sylvia has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients. To a psychoanalyst, this is most indicative of:

transference.

During the 1940s and 1950s, lobotomies were most likely to be performed on psychologically disordered patients who were:

uncontrollably violent.

Jeffrey Dahmer was judged to be legally same at the same time he killed and dismembered 15 individuals. This indicates that the jury believed that Dahmer:

was able to appreciate the wrongfulness of his behavior and control it.

Research regarding depression indicates that:

with each new generation, depression is dramatically increasing in its prevalence.