AP Psychology - Gracie, Caleb, and Skylar

An animal will gain weight when: A. It establishes homeostasis. B. When its ventromedial hypothalamus is damaged. C. It reaches its set point. D. Its basal metabolism rate increases. E. Releasing factors are present.

B. When it's ventromedical hypothalamus is damaged.

According to Freudian theory, the component of the personality that is "blind, impulsive, and irrational" is the: A. Ego. B. Ego-ideal. C. Id. D. Libido. E. Superego.

C. Id.

Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer view emotion as a resulting from a. biochemical changes in the pituitary b. cognitive labels of physiological changes c. instinctual behavior d. level of arousal e. need for affiliation

b. cognitive labels of physiological changes

23. Sandy's father's behavior gives her the impression that he will love her only if she gets very good grades. Carl Rogers would probably say that Sandy a. is getting unconditional positive regard b. is getting conditional positive regard c. is experiencing congruence d. has high self-efficacy e. has low self-efficacy

b. is getting conditional positive regard

Which of the following best supports the hypothesis that basic human emotions are innate? a. individuals typically experience a rise in blood pressure when they are afraid or tired b. most individuals can distinguish between expressions of different basic emotions during the sensorimotor period c. basic emotions are understood and expressed in a similar fashion by individuals from diverse cultures d. most individuals can identify their own emotional states from their physiological symptoms and the context of their present situation e. infants and young animals cry when they are hungry

c. basic emotions are understood and expressed in a similar fashion by individuals from diverse cultures

Shaniqua is a fourth grader who loves to read whenever she has free time. To encourage Shaniqua to continue to read, her parents would be best advised to a. give her $1 for every book she reads b. give $2 for every book she reads c. do nothing additional d. ask her teachers to give her a gold star at school for each book she reads e. restrict her choice to books of classic literature

c. do nothing additional

the mutual influence of external stimuli and cognitive processes in regulating behavior is known as a. congruence between self-systems b. self-efficacy c. reciprocal determinism d. locus of control e. group polarization

c. reciprocal determinism

Which of the following are the stages in Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome? a. appraisal, stress response, coping b. shock, anger, self-control c. anxiety, fighting, adapting d. alarm, resistance, exhaustion e. attack, flight, defense

d. alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Which of the follwoing relates most to the lowest level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. social affiliation b. self-actualization c. fight or flight d. intrinsic motivation e. drive reduction

e. drive reduction

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following statements is true? a. individuals may have peak experiences when meeting physiological needs b. self-actualization will always precede c. there are cultural differences at the rate at which individuals attain self-actualization d. women are more likely to reach self-actualization than men are e. physiological needs must be met before an individual can reach self-actualization

e. physiological needs must be met before an individual can reach self-actualization

Which of the following is the best example of the homeostatic process? A. Manny decides that he is overweight and goes on a diet. B. Cathy drinks a large amount of water to reduce thirst after a long race. C. Bert eats nothing but fruits and grains for a week before a huge holiday dinner. D. Edesa stays up later than normal to study for a test. E. Lian becomes angry after sitting in traffic for an hour and a half.

B. Cathy drinks a large amount of water to reduce thirst after a long race.

Theories of motivation that assert the existence of biological motives to maintain the body in a steady state are called: A. Mechanistic B. Homeostatic. C. Reductionistic. D. Genetic. E. Instinctual

B. Homeostatic

Chuck asked Jane out on a date and he offered her two possible options-to see a movie or to go ice skating. Jane felt a bit stressed about making the decision because she liked both activities. Which of the following conflicts was Jane experiencing? A. Avoidance-avoidance. B. Approach avoidance. C. APproach-approach. D. Unconcious. E. Interpersonal

C. Approach-approach.

Danielle was laid off from her job six months ago and has been unsuccessful at finding a new one. The income from her long hours of temp work barely covers her bills. She has begun to have frequent cold and flu symptoms and has become depressed. Danielle is most likely in the state of Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome known as: A. Alarm. B. Reaction. C. Exhaustion. D. Resistance. E. Delay.

C. Exhaustion.

In the James-Lange theory of emotion, which of the following immediately precedes an emotion: A. Observation of the external stimulus. B. Recollection of similar past experiences. C. Experience of physiological changes. D. Appraisal of cognitive factors. E. Initiation of a fixed-action pattern.

C. Experience of physiological changes.

Incentive theories of motivation explain the desire of people to achieve goals in terms of: A. Maintenance of physiological equilibrium B. Internal states of tension that need to be resolved. C. External stimuli that have the capacity to affect behavior. D. Tendencies that strike a balance between biological and social needs. E. Resolution of cognitive dissonance.

C. External stimuli that have the capacity to affect behavior.

Which of the following statements best depicts the concept of incentive theory? A. Roger has not eaten all day; therefore, he daydreams about pizza. B. Pam was extremely thirsty and drank two bottles of water after running two miles. C. Jennifer studies hard because her parents reward her by paying $20 for each superior grade that she brings home. D. Despite low grades, Fred continues to study because he is interested in the material. E. Kevin says that he is constantly hungry and eats at least five meals a day to reduce his hunger.

C. Jennifer studies hard because her parents reward her by paying $20 for each superior grade that she brings home.

In Sigmund Freud's view, the role of the ego is to: A. Make the individual feel superior to others. B. Make the individual feel inferior to others. C. Mediate among the id, superego, and reality. D. Serve the demands of the unconcious. E. Serve the demands of the superego.

C. Mediate among the id, superego, and reality.

Georgi believes she is capable of playing extremely well in the volleyball game scheduled for tonight. Albert Bandura would most likely say that Georgi's expectations for this task reveal that she is exhibiting high: A. Self-esteem. B. Self-actualization. C. Self-efficacy. D. Self-monitoring. E. Self-observation.

C. Self-efficacy.

Which of the following situations describes an approach-avoidance conflict? a. Mark must decide which of two attractive job offers to accept b. nine-year-old Carl must decide which of two distasteful chores to do to avoid being punished by his parents c. Fred must select one menu item from among several at a popular restaurant d. Anna must decide whether to buy a used car that is in her price range but has several mechanical problems e. Sarah must decide how to spend the money she recently won in a lottery

D. Anna must decide whether to buy a used car that is in her price range but has several mechanical problems

Isaac's father offers to give him five dollars for every good grade he earns on his report card. Which of the following is a type of motivation being used by Isaac's father? A. Drive reduction B. Instinct C. Intrinsic D. Incentive E. Humanstic

D. Incentive

Carla tutors other students because she likes to be helpful. whereas Jane tutors classmates strictly for pay. Their behaviors demonstrate the difference between. A. Primary and secondary drives. B. Instinctive and derived drives. C. Appetitive and aversive motivation. D. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. E. Positive and negative reinforcement.

D. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

According to research on motivation, employers are most likely to ensure high performance and job satisfaction from their workers if the employers: A. Double the workers' wages. B. Pay per hour rather than quantity produced. C. Throw a party at the end of each week. D. Redesign jobs to increase workers' responsibility and flexibility. E. Monitor workers and punish the ones who are lazy.

D. Redesign jobs to increase workers' responsibility and flexibility.

Lee is about to skydive for the first time. He interprets his racing heart to be the result of his eager anticipation and excitement. This best represents which theory of emotion? A. Cannon Bard B. James Lange C. Drive Reduction D. Schatchters two factors E. Arousal

D. Schatchters two factors

Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome is an attempt to explain: A. Personality traits. B. Artificial intelligence. C. Memory organization. D. Organic retardation. E. Reactions to stress.

E. Reactions to stress.

When parents refuse to accept several psychologists' diagnosis of a child's mental illness, they are using which of the following defense mechanisms? a. denial b. displacement c. projection d. rationalization e. regression

a. denial

the view that human emotions are universal has been supported by studies of a. facial expressions b. body language c. linguistic structures d. hedonic relevance e. biological symmetry

a. facial expressions

research studies indicate that people who are intrinsically motivated as compared to people who are extrinsically motivated tend to a. work harder and enjoy work more b. work less and enjoy work less c. more eagerly look forward to rewards like paychecks d. be less creative and effective e. respond to a challenge by working less

a. work harder and enjoy work more

research on the development of personality traits across the life span has revealed that a. an individual's personality traits become more variable as the individual ages b. the greatest changes in personality traits occur between the ages of thirty and fifty c. oral, anal, and genital stages in Freudian personality theory seem to be valid but the later stages aren't d. an individual's personality traits tend to be relatively stable during middle adulthood e. one's personality traits change often because of environmental factors

d. an individual's personality traits tend to be relatively stable during middle adulthood

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need to have respect for ourselves and to be valued by others is classified within the category of a. physiological needs b. safety needs c. belongingness needs d. esteem needs e. self-actualization needs

d. esteem needs

Although he finds it to be difficult and not much fun, Tomas puts in long hours practicing field hockey in the hope of getting an athletic scholarship to college. This best illustrates the idea of a. homeostasis b. attribution theory c. catharsis d. extrinsic motivation e. arousal theory

d. extrinsic motivation

Which of the following correctly lists Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from bottom to top a. safety, physiological, esteem b. basic, subordinate, intermediate c. basic, subordinate, superordinate d. physiological, safety, esteem, belonging, self-actualization e. physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization

e. physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization

individuals who exhibit a strong moral sense accept themselves as they are, are deeply democratic in nature, and are willing to act independently of social and cultural pressures would be described by Abraham Maslow as a. real selves b. ideal selves c. fully functioning d. humanistic e. self-actualized

e. self-actualized