ap psychology review

Secondary Drives

- Learned drives. - money helps us buy food to satisfy primary drives like hunger -motivated by behavior

Which one of these teaching strategies was not a method employed by Skinner for his box experiment?

Placebo

A Rorschach inkblot test would most likely be administered by a psychologist from which of the following schools of psychotherapy?

Psychoanalysis

Milgram's famous shock experiment demanded obedience from its participants and demonstrated the existence of what psychological phenomena?

The power of authority

Arousal Theory

- States that we seek an optimum level of excitement or arousal - Each of us has a different need for excitement or arousal, and we are motivated by activities that will help us achieve this level. - People with high optimum levels of arousal might be drawn to high-excitement behaviors, while the rest of us are satisfied with less exciting and less risk activities - In general, most of us perform best with an optimum level of arousal, although this varies with different activities - We might perform well at an easy task with a very high level of arousal, but the same high level of arousal would prevent us from performing well on a difficult task. - This relationship is called the Yerkes-Dodson law after the researchers who first investigated the concept in animals

Instincts

-behaviors we are born with in response to a certain situation -debated that whether we are born with instincts, our behavior is motivated by biological and psychological factors

Drive Reduction Theory

-biological needs motivates our behavior -one is needed for survival ex: food, shelter water -acting a way that satisfies our needs -seeks homeostasis, balanced state. when out of homeostasis, our need creates drive. -two categories primary and secondary

Primary Drives

-thirst, hunger, sex, sleep -biological needs -motivated by our behaviors

Around what age does object permanence develop?

6 months old

Who is regarded as the father of cognitive therapy?

Aaron Beck

Which DSM-IV axis includes all personality disorders?

Axis II

What types of disorders have salts of lithium been used to treat?

Bipolar disorders

What is the name of the experiment that serves as the empirical demonstration of Albert Bandura's social learning theory?

Bobo doll experiment

What is stereotype threat?

Fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's race, ethnicity, or sexuality

Motivations

Feelings or ideas that cause us to act toward a goal

Which personality disorder is characterized by attention-seeking behavior and extreme emotionality?

Histrionic personality disorder

Which treatment modality advocates unconditional positive regard for the client?

Humanistic

What is context-dependent memory?

Information is best remembered if it is encoded and recalled in the same location

What is the name of the famous psychology experiment, conducted by John B. Watson, that showed how emotional reactions could be classically conditioned in people?

Little Albert experiment

Which pioneer of social psychology conducted a famous conformity experiment requiring subjects to match lines?

Solomon Asch

What is the name of the assessment technique, created by developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth, that investigates how attachment varies between children?

Strange Situation Classification

The James-Lange theory refers to which of the following?

The hypothesis that in response to environmental changes, a physiological change happens first, which then prompts an emotion

What is a morpheme?

The smallest unit of language that can carry meaning

Which of the following is not one of the four stages of Martin Hoffman's theory of empathy development?

Theory of Mind

Body dysmorphic disorder and pain disorders are both examples of

somatoform diseases