AP Psychology Set 5 Can- Cognitive Map

Clinical Psychology

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

Cochlea

A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses.

Cochlear Implant

A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea.

Client-Centered Therapy

A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth.

Cognitive Map

A mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

Classical Conditioning

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.

Cognition

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

Case Study

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.

Central Route Persuasion

Attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain and spinal cord.

Catharsis

Emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

Change Blindness

Failing to notice changes in the environment.

Chunking

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.

Cerebellum

The "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance.

Circadian Rhythm

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

Cerebral Cortex

The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.

Cannon-Bard Theory

The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes.

Chromosomes

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.