AP Psychology Unit 12 Review B

A schizoid personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by

a a detachment from social relationships.

The experience of multiple personalities is most likely to be characterized by

a a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness.

Within the last year, Mr. Shangkun has been fired by three different employers because they each discovered that he was stealing money or materials from their companies. Although he feels no remorse for his misdeeds, his outward signs of repentance have dissuaded his former employers from taking him to court. Mr. Shangkun's behavior is most indicative of

a a personality disorder.

Those who engage in spurts of excessive overeating, followed by remorse—but do not binge, purge, fast, or exercise excessively—are said to have

a binge-eating disorder.

Twenty-two-year-old Tawana is slightly overweight and loves to eat, particularly snack foods and rich desserts. Fearful of becoming overweight, she frequently takes a laxative following episodes of binge eating. Tawana most clearly suffers from

a bulimia nervosa.

Freud's efforts to understand and treat psychological disorders stemmed from his puzzlement over ________ disorders.

a conversion

Dissociative disorders are most likely to be characterized by

a disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity.

The reduced self-control of murderers is most closely related to reduced brain activity in their ________ lobes.

a frontal

A conversion disorder is a type of ________ disorder.

a somatic symptom

Every week, Ruslan complains to a doctor about swollen glands, heart palpitations, constipation, or some other physical symptom. He is sure these symptoms are a sign of cancer, even though more than a dozen physicians have told him he is physically healthy. Ruslan's behavior is most characteristic of a(n) ________ disorder.

a somatic symptom

Which of the following is a common misconception about anorexia nervosa?

b Anorexia is only a women's illness.

Which of the following statements is the most accurate description of the relationship between genetics and eating disorders?

b Identical twins are more likely to share the disorder than fraternal twins.

Professor Lindstrom emphasizes that eating disorders involve the interactive influence of mood, basal metabolic rates, and cultural standards of beauty. The professor's emphasis best illustrates

b a biopsychosocial approach.

A lack of conscience is most characteristic of those who have a(n) ________ disorder.

b antisocial personality

Marked deficits in frontal lobe cognitive functions, such as planning and organization, are associated with

b antisocial personality disorder.

Anorexia patients are most likely to have parents who

b are high-achieving and protective.

Sixteen-year-old Jill loves ice cream and other rich foods, but she has become increasingly anxious about gaining too much weight. Jill frequently overeats and then intentionally vomits in an attempt to control her weight. Jill most clearly suffers from

b bulimia nervosa.

The families of bulimia patients have a higher-than-usual incidence of

b childhood obesity.

During a stressful military battle, Fong suddenly went blind. When hypnotized by an army psychiatrist, his blindness vanished. Fong apparently suffered from a

b conversion disorder.

Experiencing physical symptoms, such as blindness or paralysis, that make no physiological sense is indicative of

b conversion disorder.

Niesha demonstrates seven different personalities that appear to take turns controlling her behavior. Evidence that the same life memories are consciously experienced by all the alternate personalities would most clearly rule out the contribution of ________ to her disorder.

b dissociation

William, an airplane pilot, is unable to remember anything of a bombing raid in which his plane was severely damaged and two crew members were killed. Because he himself suffered no physical injuries, psychologists suspect that William probably suffers from a

b dissociative disorder.

Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n)

b dissociative identity disorder.

Researchers have suggested that the role-playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to the leading questions of therapists has often contributed to

b dissociative identity disorder.

Evidence that dissociative identity disorder is not simply a product of conscious role-playing is most clearly provided by the

b distinct brain and body states associated with differing personalities.

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by

b episodes of overeating followed by vomiting.

Researchers use biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis to understand eating disorders. The social-cultural level of analysis is especially likely to emphasize that eating disorders are influenced by

b mass media standards of appearance.

Midori's therapist suggests that she developed a dissociative identity disorder as a way of protecting herself from an awareness of her own hatred for her abusive mother. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

b social-cognitive

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause is a

b somatic symptom disorder.

Researchers have found low levels of ________ in 13-year-old boys who were later convicted of a crime as 18- to 26-year-olds.

c adrenaline

Which of the following disorders is more common among men than women?

c antisocial personality disorder

There is some evidence that a relatively low level of autonomic nervous system arousal may contribute to

c antisocial personality disorder.

One cluster of personality disorders marked by anxiety is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.

c avoidant

In terms of the role of the family environment on eating disorders, research has discounted which of the following factors?

c childhood sexual abuse

Which of the following disorders was more common in Freud's day than it is today?

c conversion disorder

Connie exhibits multiple personalities. Evidence that information learned by her secondary personality influences the moods and behaviors of her primary personality would most clearly rule out the contribution of ________ to her symptoms.

c dissociation

Unlike those with bulimia nervosa, those with binge-eating disorders are not likely to ________ following binge eating.

c engage in excessive exercise

Misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a dreaded disease is indicative of

c illness anxiety disorder.

Rachel is convinced that her occasional headaches are caused by a malignant brain tumor. Although several physicians have assured her that she has no serious physical problem, Rachel continues to seek medical attention for a brain tumor. Her behavior provides an example of

c illness anxiety disorder.

Compared with people in many Western countries, people in China more often

c report physical symptoms of psychological distress.

One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.

c schizoid

Saul frequently feels like he has a lump in his throat that makes it difficult for him to speak or swallow. Medical examinations, however, indicate that there is no apparent physical cause for these symptoms. Saul appears to be suffering from a

c somatic symptom disorder.

Individuals who are most vulnerable to anorexia nervosa are those who live in cultures that idealize

c thin bodies.

The psychologist who questioned whether DID is a genuine disorder is

d Nicholas Spanos.

The surging rates of violent crime in Western nations are best understood in terms of

d a biopsychosocial approach.

During a heated argument with his father, Mike was suddenly unable to move his right arm. Medical examinations are unable to detect a physiological basis for the paralysis. It is likely that Mike suffers from

d a conversion disorder.

Those with an avoidant personality disorder are most likely to display

d a fear of social rejection.

Anthony is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several older people out of their life savings, and he seems to have little feeling for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of

d a personality disorder.

Anorexia nervosa is typically characterized by

d an obsessive fear of becoming obese.

Chiara, a 14-year-old, is of average height but weighs only 80 pounds. She has lost 30 pounds over the last six months by eating very little and running five miles a day. She is determined not to become overweight and ignores her parents' suggestion that she should eat well-balanced meals. Chiara suffers from

d anorexia nervosa.

The distinctive older term psychopath refers to an individual with

d antisocial personality disorder.

The distinctive features used to identify the three clusters of personality disorders are

d anxiety, eccentricity, and impulsivity.

Several weeks after being fired from a job he had held for more than 20 years, Landon awoke one morning in a state of bewildered confusion. He had little sense of who he was and even failed to recognize his wife. Landon's experience is most indicative of

d dissociative disorder.

A biological perspective would be LEAST helpful for explaining the

d dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the past 40 or so years.

Those with a histrionic personality disorder are most likely to display

d dramatic, attention-getting behaviors.

One cluster of personality disorders marked by dramatic or impulsive behaviors is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.

d histrionic

Personality disorders are best described as

d inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

The major characteristic of dissociative disorders is a disturbance of

d memory.

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible, enduring, and socially maladaptive behavior patterns are called ________ disorders.

d personality

Evidence that many DID patients have suffered abuse as children leads some psychologists to include dissociative disorders under the umbrella of

d post-traumatic stress disorder.

Noah's therapist suggests that Noah developed a dissociative identity disorder in order to misbehave without feeling a strong sense of personal shame. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

d psychoanalytic

Evidence that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder are triggered by the suggestions and leading questions of therapists most clearly points out the importance of ________ in the onset of this disorder.

d role-playing

College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. Under hypnosis, they typically expressed a second personality when prompted to do so by the examining psychiatrist. This most strongly suggests that dissociative identity disorder may involve

d role-playing.

Illness anxiety disorder is characterized by

d the misinterpretation of normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.

Those with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with

d their own self-importance.

A conversion disorder is most likely to be characterized by

d very specific physical symptoms that have no apparent physiological basis.

An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by

e a lack of guilt feelings.

About eight months ago, 14-year-old Shelley went on a drastic weight-loss diet that caused her to drop from 110 to 80 pounds. Although she is now dangerously underweight and undernourished, she continues to think she looks fat. Her frustrated father recently forced her to eat a peanut butter sandwich, but Shelley immediately went to the bathroom and threw it all up. Shelley most clearly suffers from

e anorexia nervosa.

A sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of

e dissociation.

Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are most characteristic of ________ disorders.

e dissociative

It has been suggested that the desperate efforts of traumatized victims to detach themselves from the experience of severe and prolonged abuse may contribute to

e obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the past 40 or so years most strongly suggests that symptoms of this disorder involve

e role-playing.