AP Psychology Unit 2

A researcher who publishes the results of a case study might be most worried about violating which ethical principle of human experimentation? A. informed consent B. protection from harm C. confidentiality D. debriefing E. coercion

A

Which correlation between self-esteem and body weight would enable you to most accurately predict body weight from knowledge of level of self-esteem? A. +0.60 B. +0.01 C. -0.10 D. -0.06 E. 0.00

A

Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between the religious beliefs of Americans and their attitudes toward abortion? A. the survey B. naturalistic observation C. the case study D. experimentation E. random assignment

A

A research method in which an investigator manipulates factors that potentially produce a particular behavior is called a(n) A. survey B. experiment C. case study D. naturalistic correlation E. correlational method

B

Correlation research is most useful for purposes of A. explanation B. prediction C. control D. replication E. experimentation

B

The complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn is called a(n) A. control condition B. population C. case study D. independent variable E. survey

B

The most commonly reported measure of central tendency is the A. mode B. mean C. normal distribution D. median E. standard deviation

B

To graphically represent the correlation between two variables, researchers often construct a A. skewed distribution B. scatterplot C. standard deviation D. bar graph E. pie chart

B

Which of the following is the best definition of illusory correlation? A. a statistical relationship between two variables B. a perceived but nonexistent correlation C. any independent variable that doesn't truly cause a dependent variable D. a scatterplot indicating the likelihood that a variable will or will not change E. a prediction about the relationship between two variables

B

Political officials who have no doubt that their own economic and predictions will come true most clearly demonstrates A. illusory correlation B. random sampling C. overconfidence D. the placebo effect E. operational definition

C

Psychologists' personal values and goals A. are carefully tested by means of observation and experimentation B. lead them to avoid experiments involving human participants C. can bias their observations and interpretations D. have very little influence on the process of scientific observation E. affect their work only if they are different from the norm

C

The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to A. dismiss the value of replication B. reject any ideas that cannot be scientifically tested C. exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events D. assume that correlation proves causation E. overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions

C

Which measure of central tendency would be most appropriate in determining housing values in a particular community? A. range B. mode C. median D. mean E. standard deviation

C

Which of the following is most useful for helping survey researchers avoid false generalizations? A. the case study B. naturalistic observation C. random sampling D. operational definitions E. standard deviations

C

Why is replication important to science? A. it allows you to obtain a representative sample of cases to study. B. the natural setting eliminates the artificial environment of a lab. C. Repeated research with similar results increases confidence in the reliability of the original findings. D. Researchers can test the impact of belief on behavior. E. minimizing preexisting differences between groups increases confidence in the findings

C

A specification of how a researcher measures a research variable is known as a(n) A. standard deviation B. control condition C. replication D. operational definition E. observation

D

Historians of science describe which three attitudes as the basis of the scientific viewpoint? A. intelligence, dedication, thoroughness B. morality, detail-orientation, cynicism C. achievement-orientation, intellectual, empirical D. curiosity, skepticism, humility E. atheism, humanism, cognition

D

Professional psychological associations require researchers to A. study animals only in their natural habitat B. obtain informed consent before using any animal as subjects in research C. justify the use of animals in research before an Institutional Review Board (IRB) D. minimize infection, illness, and pain in animal subjects E. protect only cats, dogs and primates, not rats or mice, from unnecessary pain

D

The American Psychological Association and British Psychological Society have developed ethical principles urging investigators to A. avoid the use of monetary incentives in recruiting people to participate in research B. forewarn potential research participants of the exact hypotheses that the research will test C. avoid the manipulation of independent variables in research involving human participants D. explain the research to the participants after the study has been completed E. increase the difficulty level of research endeavors while maintaining validity

D

The news media reported that a new pesticide was not harmful to humans. Which statement best exemplifies critical thinking in response? A. "I think i will try this new pesticide on my own garden to kill pests." B. "I don't like to use pesticides, but this one is safe." C. "I'll use this product, but wear gloves." D. "I wonder who funded this study?" E. "I don't believe this study because i got a rash after using this on my garden."

D

Which research method is typically used to examine one participant in depth, usually because the individual's situation/behaviors rare or unusual? A. survey B. correlation C. experiment D. case study E. scientific method

D

Which statistical measures is most helpful for indicating the extent to which high school grades predict college grades? A. standard deviation B. mean C. median D. correlation coefficient E. range

D

According to Professor Fayad, we like people who like us because their affection for us boosts our self-esteem. His idea an example of A. naturalistic observation B. illusory correlation C. hindsight bias D. replication E. theory

E

To understand the British newspaper headline "Income for 62% Is Below Average," it is necessary to appreciate the distinction between the ________ and the mean. A. range B. standard deviation C. mode D. correlation E. median

E

When you question whether anecdotal evidence can be generalized to all people, you're applying A. overconfidence B. the placebo effect C. the hindsight bias D. random assignment E. critical thinking

E