AP Psychology Unit 3b Test

After being late for the fifth time, Hester declared, "My occipital lobes must not be working optimally! I have a hard time planning my day to be here on time." If you were Hester's boss, what might you say to her to modify her claim and make it more accurate?

"Hester, it's your frontal lobes that are not working optimally."

Hippocampus

A rounded part of the limbic system near the center of the brain, transferring some short-term memory into long-term storage and remembering facts and events like my favorite book; it records all the chapters of my favorite scenes and allows me to flip through the pages to recall my memories.

In Gazzangia's 1967 experiment, I am part of "HEART," the split-brain patient was able to say

ART

Occipital Lobes

Act as the eye doctor, processing visual signals and coordinating various aspects of vision.

Which of the following effects is stimulation of the amygdala most likely to have?

Aggression

When Amita is in a car accident, her neurologist, Dr. Lang, suspects she has sustained an injury to the back of her brain. "Can you check with an EEG?" asks Amita's brother. Dr. Lang explains that an EEG is not the best method for assessing this injury because

An EEG only provides images of brain-wave activity

An individual was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side of the face and a sudden inability to speak. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find which of the following?

An abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere

Valeria is a professional dancer who has been dancing for years. During a recent competition, the dance floor was slippery, and Valeria fell hard on her head and was temporarily unconscious. Now, Valeria has problems dancing. She knows the correct steps she must take, but she feels as if her legs and arms are moving as if directed by someone else. She often finds her movements choppy and feels out of balance. Which area of her brain was likely damaged by her fall?

Cerebellum

In a person with severed corpus callosum, I do not take places across hemispheres

Communication

Dr. Ludwikowski was interested in studying the effects of stress on the brain. She randomly assigned ten middle-aged participants to experience stress by placing them in a room with a loud, unpleasant noise. The other ten middle-aged participants were placed in a room with no noise. She then used an fMRI to compare participants' brain activity. In Dr. L's study, the participants in the room with no noise served as the

Control group

Researchers wanted to determine the brain waves present when people were sleeping. They placed electrodes on the scalps of 100 volunteers and then asked the volunteers to sleep in the lab each night for one week. The researchers obtained recordings of the electrical activity across the volunteers' brain surfaces. Which of the following represents the operational definition of the dependent variable in this study?

EEG readings

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Identify at least one ethical guideline applied by the researchers.

Ensured the welfare of the rats with proper housing, food, and water

In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions?

Epilepsy

A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. Which of the following brain areas is most likely injured?

Frontal lobe

I am what a split-brain patient could do when a picture of a spoon was flashed to their right hemisphere

Grab spoon

In Gazzangia's 1967 experiment, I am part of "HEART," the split-brain patient's left hand pointed to

HE

Damage to which of the following brain structures would affect the processing of new explicit memories?

Hippocampus

Harold, who is 82, recently experienced a stroke. His body has mostly recovered, but he seems unable to understand why he is in the hospital or to learn the names of the nurses who care for him every day. He does, however, remember the names and details of his wife and children. Which of the following brain areas was most likely affected by Harold's stroke?

Hippocampus

Brennan feels hungry. Which brain area is most responsible for his hunger?

Hypothalamus

Liz is a high school tennis player who started to lose weight rapidly during the season. New studies are focusing on which part of the brain to understand its role in changes in the desire to eat.

Hypothalamus

Amygdala

I am a celebrity security guard. I always process emotion and survival responses when someone is about to come too close to my body.

Maureen is six years old and has started having terrible seizures. She can no longer attend school because of the frequency of the seizures, and her parents are concerned that her brain will be permanently damaged. Her neurosurgeon determined that Maureen is eligible for a split-brain surgery procedure because all the seizures are starting in one side of her brain. After surgery, which of the following might you expect Maureen to experience?

If an object is displayed for a short time in her right visual field, she will be able to say what she has seen

Wernicke's Area

It is crucial for language comprehension rather than production. Located in the left temporal lobe, it results in difficulties in understanding spoken or written language. It acts like a problem solver, constantly piecing together fragments of speech to form an understanding.

Broca's Area

It is like a speech therapist. It is located in the left frontal lobe and is associated with speech production and articulation.

Motor Cortex

It is located in the very back of the frontal lobe. It plays a significant role in voluntary movements, receiving information from and working with other brain parts. It is like a painter stroking the brush on a large canvas, applying strokes carefully to create an original artwork depicting our bodies' movements.

Explain how at least one of the research findings supports or refutes the researchers' hypothesis that an enriched environment would positively affect rats' brain functioning.

It is supported because rats have more extensive dendritic branching compared to rats in standard environments

Cerebral Cortex

It is the brain's outer layer, covering the cerebrum like the crusts of bread.

Thalamus

It is the post office of our brain, serving as a relay station between the brain stem and the cerebral cortex.

Corpus Callosum

It is the sidewalk on the streets between one side and the other, a bundle of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres.

Cerebellum

It is the strict ballet teacher who coordinates muscle movement, maintains balance and posture, and contributes to various forms of procedural learning.

Medulla

It regulates heart rate, breathing, digestion, swallowing, and sneezing, like a traffic light controlling when drivers should stop or continue driving in their vehicles.

If an Institutional Review Board had reviewed the proposal for this experiment, what would its likely response have been?

Its replication value is limited and does not justify the harm to the rats in Group 1

In a person with an intact brain, information from the right half of the field of vision goes to me

Left brain

I am the hemisphere of most people's brain in which speech occurs

Left hemisphere

Reticular Activating System

Like my alarm clock, it tells me when to sleep or wake up. It is a network of neurons in the brain stem that extends into the thalamus and plays a crucial role in regulating wakefulness and sleep-wake transitions.

Brain Stem

Like the Old Testament in the Bible, the brain stem is the oldest part of the brain. The brain stem sends messages received on the right side of the body to the left hemisphere, just as the Bible sends essential messages for the gateway to entering heaven.

Dr. Translucent measures the brain's electrical activity via magnetic fields using a(n)

MEG

Doctors want to determine if there is indeed structural damage to Valeria's brain and also determine if it is functioning correctly when presented with different stimuli. Which of the following brain scanning techniques would you recommend they use?

MRI

I am what the right brain excels at

Making infrences

Damage to which of the following puts a person's life in danger because it may cause breathing to stop?

Medulla

Stimulation of which of the following may cause a person to move their arms involuntarily?

Motor cortex

Nan was in a car accident, which resulted in brain damage. However, some of her brain areas took over the functioning of the damaged area, thanks to the role of

Neuroplasticity

Zoey reported on the brain's ability to change in response to experience and damage. What was her report about?

Neuroplasticity

Temporal Lobes

Our brains' Google translators. They are near the ears, essential for processing auditory information and memory.

Dr. Ultrone uses a technique to measure glucose consumption to indicate brain activity. What is the name of this technique?

PET

Frontal Lobes

Part of the brain is directly behind the forehead and above the eyes. They are the "command central" for decision-making, problem-solving, reasoning, planning, personality, and language, like my older sister, who always told me what to do for as long as I could remember.

One of your friends received the following results after she took an online quiz: "You are left-brained! Your left brain is exceptionally strong, which makes you very good with language." Which of the following statements explains the nuances associated with this claim?

People only have one brain, which has left and right hemispheres.

I am the type of task in which there is increased activity in the right hemisphere of intact brains

Perceptual

Describe the meaning of the differences between the groups in the study.

Rats raised in enriched environments had thicker cerebral cortices, more giant synapses, and more extensive dendritic branching compared to rats in standard or deprived environments

Pituitary Gland

Releases hormones that are important for feeling sexually attracted to others and bonding emotionally with others. Like someone's crush at school, they get butterflies in their stomachs whenever they pass each other in the hallways.

Lately, Maria has not been sleeping well. It seems like she hears everything at night. Even faint noises like the refrigerator humming and the toilet down the hall flushing wake her up. If she does fall asleep, she has a tough time getting up. Maria is desperate for some rest. Which of the following brain parts would be most involved in this scenario?

Reticular activating system

I am the arm that falls limp if a sedative is injected into the neck artery feeding blood to the left hemisphere during brain surgery

Right

In a person with an intact brain, information from the left half of the field of vision goes to me

Right brain

An image projected to the left visual field of a split-brained person will be processed in the

Right visual cortex

I am what a split-brain patient could not do when a picture of a spoon was flashed to their right hemisphere

Say spoon

I am what the right brain helps to orchestrate

Self-awareness

Somatosensory Cortex

Sensory neurons bring messages to the brain in a specific parietal lobe area, like our lips. That is why people kiss on the lips; our lips are much more sensitive than other areas.

I am what the right brain helps us do to make meaning clear

Speech

I am two types of tasks in which there is increased activity in the left hemisphere of intact brains

Spoken and mathmatical

As a result of a surgical procedure, Hakim's career as a violinist is over. He finds that he can no longer comprehend or compose music. He gets confused when he tries to play because he cannot retain what he hears. What part of the brain has likely been impacted?

Temporal lobes

A patient who has undergone split-brain surgery has a picture of a dog flashed to his right hemisphere and a cat to his left hemisphere. In this example, which of the following will the patient be able to verbalize?

That he saw a cat

Dr. Cantor studies neurogenesis, to understand how

The brain creates new neurons

Reward Center

The brain's inner childhood is the key to pleasure, motivation, reinforcement learning, and the time of its life.

Doctors in the 1960s severed a brain region to attempt to stop epileptic seizures. Which of the following was the IV in their investigation?

The corpus callosum

Hypothalamus

The important part of the brain. Like mental health, it regulates the automatic nervous system with many other parts. Without it, taking in other aspects of life is very difficult.

Much of the research regarding the function of brain areas has been gathered from case studies of individuals with brain injury or disease. Which of the following identifies a reason for this?

The independent variable in an experiment would inflict brain injury, which is unethical.

Explain the extent to which the research findings may or may not be generalizable, using specific and relevant evidence from the study.

The rats are young, healthy, and were raised in a laboratory

Identify the research method used in the study.

The research method used in the study is an experiment

Which concept is reflected in the data in this experiment?

The results confirm the role of the lateral hypothalamus in increasing appetite

State the operational definition of the impact on rats' brains.

The sensory cortex was 5% heavier in the rats in the enriched environment than those in the isolated environment

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

Wernicke's area

Dr. Ludwikowski was interested in studying the effects of stress on the brain. She randomly assigned ten middle-aged participants to experience stress by placing them in a room with a loud, unpleasant noise. The other ten middle-aged participants were placed in a room with no noise. She then used an fMRI to compare participants' brain activity. In this study, what was Dr. L's operational definition of her DV?

fMRI results

Parietal Lobes

Behind each frontal lobe. They are essential for processing specific sensory signals from the body, such as touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. They are like a red flag you see in somebody, warning you to stay as far away from them as possible so you will not get hurt.

We both are hardly affected after split brain surgeries

Brain hemisphere

A team of investigators discovered that taxi drivers who had memorized all the streets in their city had a larger hippocampus than bus drivers who did not have the streets memorized. This type of difference between these two groups most likely reflects

Brain plasticity

At six months of age, Byrne underwent the surgical removal of the entire left hemisphere of her brain. Which of the following concepts explains the recovery of her primary functions following such surgery?

Brain plasticity

Sam has shown some marked changes in the way he is able to communicate after having a stroke. He knows what he wants to say, but his speech is slow and labored. Sam's grammar is also quite poor. The part of Sam's brain that most likely sustained damage is

Broca's area

What research would have been conducted if Valeria's experience had been studied in detail and the findings had led to recommendations for increased safety precautions in the dancing industry?

Case study

A patient who has undergone split-brain surgery has a picture of a dog flashed to his right hemisphere and a cat to his left hemisphere. In this example, the patient will be able to identify the

Cat using his right hand

A gymnast falls and hits her head on the floor. She attempts to continue practicing but has trouble maintaining balance. What part of her brain has probably been affected?

Cerebellum

Arjun was diagnosed with epilepsy and struggled with seizures regularly. After trying multiple unsuccessful treatments, his neurologist recommended surgery that severed the connections between the two hemispheres of the brain. Arjun agreed to the surgery. After surgery, Arjun experienced changes noticed during special testing by a researcher in a laboratory setting. In the laboratory, psychologists flashed images or words to his left and right visual fields. Arjun could quickly speak the names of items flashed to his right visual field. He could not quickly speak the names of items flashed to this left visual field. A researcher studied Arjun for many years, and his experiences remained unchanged. The researcher published the research with Arjun, where he shared Arjun's experience and his first and last name. Which of the following parts of the brain was severed to address Arjun's epileptic seizures?

Corpus Callosum

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

Difficulty with speech production