AP Psychology Unit 4

perceptual set

When researchers added a few drops of vinegar to a brand-name beer, the beer tasters disliked it only if they had been told they were drinking vinegar-laced beer. This best illustrates the impact of

Sound waves strike one ear sooner and more intensely than the other.

Why do people who have lost all their hearing in one ear have difficulty locating sounds?

selective attention

In the University of Utah driving-simulation experiments, students conversing on cell phones were slower to detect and respond to traffic signals. This best illustrates

activation of large nerve fibers in your spinal cord

According to the gate-control theory, a back massage would most likely reduce your physical aches and pains by causing

a biopsychosocial approach

An integrated understand of pain control in terms of mental distraction, the release of endorphins, and the presence of empathetic caregivers is most clearly provided by

a biopsychosocial approach

An interrogated understanding of perception in terms of our sensory capacities, cultural context, and Gestalt principles is most clearly provided by

relative motion

As we move, objects that are fixed in a place, a light pole, for example, may appear to move. What is this monocular cue for depth called?

sensation

As you look at an apple, its reflected light travels to the eye. The rods and cones absorb the light and help transmit the information to the brain. This process best illustrates

less sensitive to dim light and more sensitive to fine detail

Compared with rod, cones are

monocular cues

Depth perception that uses information transmitted to only one eye depends on

psychokinesis

Farouk insist that by intense mental concentration he can actually influence the mechanically generated outcomes of slot machines. Farouk is most specially claiming to possess the power of

Weber's law

Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates

the color red and the shortest visible waves as blue-violet

Humans experience the longest visible electromagnetic waves as

the image is not perceived because without receptor cells, transduction cannot occur.

If an image falls of the eye's blind spot, you do not detect it. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Feature detectors

In 1972, a British newspaper published pictures of a "Loch Ness Monster." Many people readily perceived photographs of a floating tree trunk as the partially submerged monster. This illustrates the powerful influence of

Clairvoyance

Jamal claims that his special psychic powers enable him to perceive exactly where the body of a recent murder victim is secretly buried. Jamal is calming to possess the power of

Prior experience

Jock locke would have suggested that a perceptual set results from

Lightness constancy

Jody's horse looks just as black in the brilliant sunlight as it does in dim light of the stable. This illustrates what is known as

a biopsychosocial approach.

Mr. Logwood's eyewitness perception of a car accident were influenced by his inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences, his learned schemas, and by other eyewitness' reactions to the car accident. An integrated understanding of Mr. Logwood's perceptions of the accident is most clearly provided by

thalamus.

Opponent-process cells have been located in the

figure-ground

The cocktail party effect is your ability to selectively attend to one voice among many. This ability also illustrates the Gestalt principle of

minimize sensory adaptation

The constant quivering movements of our eyes enables us to

sensation

The detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called

signal detection theory

The fact that fear may increase your sensitivity to an almost imperceptible pain stimulus is of most relevance to

lack of a reproducible ESP phenomenon.

The greatest difficulty facing contemporary parapsychology is the

context effects

The horizon Moon appears to shrink in the size if it is viewed through a narrow tube that eliminates the perception of distance cues. This best illustrates

Hot

The simultaneous stimulation of adjunct cold and warmth spots of the skin produces the sensation of

Unconsciously processed information is unusually persuasive

Those who believe in the value of subliminal audiotapes would be wrong to claim that

Bottom-Up Processing

Trying to see a hidden representational image in a piece of abstract art by looking carefully at each element in the picture and trying to form an image employs which kind of perceptual process?

ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors.

Visual information is processed by

retreating

We compute motion based of the assumption that shrinking objects are

Phi Phenomenon

When two adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession, we perceive a single light moving back and fourth between them.

circles from squares

When visually deprived infant monkeys were first allowed to see, they could not visually distinguish

Young children have more taste receptors, so their sensitivity to taste is greater

Which of the following best explains why children are more likely to resist eating strong-tasting foods?

cornea, pupil, lens, retina

Which of the following is the correct order of structures light passes through in the eye?

olfactory receptors

Which of the following would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your home

It demonstrates how our experiences and expectation affect whether we perceive a stimulus

Why is transduction important to sensation?

Semicircular canals

which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride?

the basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency.

According to frequency theory

Conduction hearing loss.

Damage to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup is most likely to cause

perception.

Damage to the temporal lobe area of the brain essential for facial recognition produces a loss of

fluid-filled in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

The cochlea is

loudness

Brightness is to light as ____ is to sound

compressed sound

By amplifying soft sounds but not loud sounds, digital hearing aids produce

two separate brain regions process information about faces and objects

Researchers found that if they temporarily disrupted one region of the visual cortex with magnetic pulses, people were unable to recognize faces but could still recognize houses. This suggest that

diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.

Sensory adaptation refers to

middle ear

Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three bones located in the

the misperception of distance

The Ames illusion involving two girls who are perceived as very different in size can best be explained in terms of

parallel processing

The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of oncoming automobile best illustrates

iris

The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the