AP Psychology Unit 5

bulimia

People with this condition binge eat. They then take steps to avoid weight gain. Most commonly, this means vomiting (purging). But it can also mean excessive exercising or fasting.

Inverted U Hypothesis

Stress aligns with performance. ex at a certain stress max performance would be reached ie studying for a test

systematic desensitization

Systematic desensitization is a behavioral technique commonly used to treat fear, anxiety disorders and phobias. Using this method, the person is engaged in some type of relaxation exercise and gradually exposed to an anxiety producing stimulus, like an object or place.

Type B Personality

A. Type B personality, by definition, are noted to live at lower stress levels. They typically work steadily, and may enjoy achievement, although they have a greater tendency to disregard physical or mental stress when they do not achieve.

cyclotheymic disorder

The mood shifts in cyclothymia aren't as extreme as those in people with bipolar disorders. People with cyclothymia can typically function in daily life, though it may be difficult. feeling of sadness though it may linger

major depressive disorder

The persistent feeling of sadness or loss of interest that characterizes major depression can lead to a range of emotional and physical conditions. These include inability to sleep or concentrate on tasks. Changes in appetite, decreased energy level, and thoughts of suicide are also seen. loss of a loved one

constructive coping

The term coping generally refers to adaptive or constructive coping strategies, i.e. the strategies reduce stress levels. However, some coping strategies can be considered maladaptive, i.e. stress levels increase.

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

The condition may last months or years, with triggers that can bring back memories of the trauma accompanied by intense emotional and physical reactions. reoccurring flashbacks

psychopharmacotherapy

Psychopharmacotherapy refers to the treatment of psychiatric disorders with the use of medication. But, as Kia pointed out in our interview, psychopharmacotherapy is not just about giving people medication and calling it a day.

antianxiety drugs

Antianxiety drugs are medicines that calm and relax people with excessive anxiety, nervousness, or tension, or for short-term control of social phobia disorder or specific phobia disorder.

antidepressant drugs

Antidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and other conditions, including dysthymia, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders

antipsyhotic drugs

Antipsychotics are a class of psychiatric medication primarily used to manage psychosis, in particular in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and are increasingly being used in the management of non-psychotic disorders.

aversion therapy

Aversion therapy is a form of psychological treatment in which the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort. This conditioning is intended to cause the patient to associate the stimulus with unpleasant sensations in order to stop the specific behavior.

behavior therapy

Behavior therapy is a broad term referring to psychotherapy, behavior analytical, or a combination of the two therapies. In its broadest sense, the methods focus on either just behaviors or in combination with thoughts and feelings that might be causing them.

biomedical therapy

Biomedical therapies are physiological interventions that focus on the reduction of symptoms associated with psychological disorders. Three procedures used are drug therapies, electroconvulsive (shock) treatment, and psychosurgery.

Catastrophic thinking

Catastrophic thinking can be defined as ruminating about irrational worst-case outcomes. Needless to say, it can increase anxiety and prevent people from taking action in a situation where action is required. This can be especially true in a crisis situation.

catatonic schizophrenia

Catatonia may involve symptoms such as staying still, fast or strange movements, lack of speech, and other unusual behavior. frozen still in chair

chronic stress

Chronic stress is the response to emotional pressure suffered for a prolonged period over which an individual perceives he or she has no control. It involves an endocrine system response in which occurs a release of corticosteroids.

cognitive behavioral therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy. It was originally designed to treat depression, but is now used for a number of mental disorders. It works to solve current problems and change unhelpful thinking and behavior.

cognitive therapy

Cognitive therapy (CT) is a type of psychotherapy developed by American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck. CT is one of the therapeutic approaches within the larger group of cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) and was first expounded by Beck in the 1960s.

client-centered therapy

Definition. Client-centered therapy, which is also known as person-centered, non-directive, or Rogerian therapy, is a counseling approach that requires the client to take an active role in his or her treatment with the therapist being nondirective and supportive.

deinstitutionalization

Deinstitutionalisation (or deinstitutionalization) is the process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with a mental disorder or developmental disability.

disorganized schizophrenia

Disorganized schizophrenia is one of five subtypes of schizophrenia. Also known as hebephrenic schizophrenia, this particular subtype often has a poor prognosis. As the name suggests, it is characterized by disorganized behavior and speech, as well as disturbances in emotional expression. cannot smile to express happiness

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Dissociative identity disorder, previously called multiple personality disorder, is usually a reaction to trauma as a way to help a person avoid bad memories. person with multiple personalities after a car crash

dysthymic disorder

Dysthymia is defined as a low mood occurring for at least two years, along with at least two other symptoms of depression. loss of interest in normal activites

eclecticism

Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases.

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure, done under general anesthesia, in which small electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure. ECT seems to cause changes in brain chemistry that can quickly reverse symptoms of certain mental illnesses.

agoraphobia

Fear of places and situations that might cause panic, helplessness, or embarrassment. fear of social environment, going out

positive symptoms

Feelings or behaviors that are usually not present, such as: Believing that what other people are saying is not true (delusions) Hearing, seeing, tasting, feeling, or smelling things that others do not experience (hallucinations) Disorganized speech and behavior. more inclined to medication

general adaptation syndrome

General adaptation syndrome (GAS) is the predictable way the body responses to stress as described by Hans Selye

transference

"the inappropriate repetition in the present of a relationship that was important in a person's childhood". Another definition is "the redirection of feelings and desires and especially of those unconsciously retained from childhood toward a new object".

approach-approach conflict

A conflict between two desired gratifications (approach-approach conflict), as when a youth has to choose between two attractive and practicable careers, may lead to some vacillation but rarely to great distress. A conflict between two dangers or threats (avoidance-avoidance conflict) is usually more disturbing.

mood stabilizers

A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric pharmaceutical drug used to treat mood disorders characterized by intense and sustained mood shifts, typically bipolar disorder

psychosomatic disease

A psychosomatic disorder is a disease which involves both mind and body. Some physical diseases are thought to be particularly prone to be made worse by mental factors such as stress and anxiety. Your current mental state can affect how bad a physical disease is at any given time.

Type A Personality

A temperament characterized by excessive ambition, aggression, competitiveness, drive, impatience, need for control, focus on quantity over quality and unrealistic sense of urgency. It is commonly associated with risk of coronary disease and other stress-related ailments

acute stress

Acute stress reaction (also called acute stress disorder, psychological shock, mental shock, or simply shock) is a psychological condition arising in response to a terrifying or traumatic event, or witnessing a traumatic event.

anorexia nervosa

Anorexia is characterized by a distorted body image, with an unwarranted fear of being overweight. binge eating

antisocial personaliy disorder

Those with antisocial personality disorder tend to lie, break laws, act impulsively, and lack regard for their own safety or the safety of others. Symptoms may lessen with age. careless person drives through streets not caring about hitting people

culture-bound disorders

In medicine and medical anthropology, a culture-bound syndrome, culture-specific syndrome or folk illness is a combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture. schizophrenia may be seen as demon possession

dissociative fugue

It is a rare psychiatric disorder characterized by reversible amnesia for personal identity, including the memories, personality, and other identifying characteristics of individuality. can't identify wife from husband

learned helplessness

Learned helplessness is behavior typical of an organism (human or animal) that has endured repeated painful or otherwise aversive stimuli which it was unable to escape or avoid. After such experience, the organism often fails to learn escape or avoidance in new situations where such behavior would be effective.

bipolar disorder

Mania symptoms include periods of elevated mood or irritability. When experiencing a manic episode, a patient often has high energy levels with reduced need for sleep. Less often, people may experience psychosis. Depression symptoms include feeling sad, low energy, low motivation, or loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities. sudden feeling of happiness to sudden feeling of sadness

DSM IV TR

Most of these diagnoses fall in the category of Mood Disorders, as specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnosis of depression, used by this tier

negative symptoms

Negative symptoms are thoughts, feelings, or behaviors normally present that are absent or diminished in a person with a mental disorder. person is less incline to medication

spontaneous remission

Spontaneous remission, also called spontaneous healing or spontaneous regression, is an unexpected improvement or cure from a disease that appears to be progressing in its severity. These terms are commonly used for unexpected transient or final improvements in cancer.

hypochondriasis

Obsession with the idea of having a serious but undiagnosed medical condition. serious of having cancer for example

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by unreasonable thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead to compulsive behaviors. turning lights on and off

paranoid schizophrenia

Paranoid schizophrenia is the most common type of schizophrenia in most parts of the world. The clinical picture is dominated by relatively stable, often paranoid, delusions, usually accompanied by hallucinations, particularly of the auditory variety, and perceptual disturbances. constant voices in your head

somatization disorder

a long-term (chronic) condition in which a person has physical symptoms that involve more than one part of the body, but no physical cause can be found. feels like ptsd but none

dissociative amnesia

a memory disorder characterized by sudden retrograde autobiographical memory loss, said to occur for a period of time ranging from hours to years. person can't remember his past year

conversion disorder

a mental condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system (neurologic) symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation. person who can't move their arms

panic disorder

a psychiatric disorder in which debilitating anxiety and fear arise frequently and without reasonable cause. fear of nothing

insight therapies

a technique whish assumes that a person's behavior, thoughts, and emotions become disordered as a result of the individual's lack of understanding as to what motivates him or her, such as unresolved old conflicts or beliefs.

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

an anxiety disorder characterized by chronic anxiety, exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing of the matter random attack of sudden anxiety

hallucations

an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present. imagining worms on your hand

delusions

an idiosyncratic belief or impression that is firmly maintained despite being contradicted by what is generally accepted as reality or rational argument, typically a symptom of mental disorder. constant feeling of being watched

phobic disorder

involve persistent, irrational fears and avoidance of the situations or objects that induce these fears fear of spiders

epidemiology

the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. branch that studies psychological health

etiology

the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition. abuse as a child

prevalence

the fact or condition of being prevalent; commonness. ptsd 2% in population

diagnosis

the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms. ptsd

prognosis

the likely course of a disease or ailment. the likelihood of having ptsd

resistance

the phenomenon often encountered in clinical practice in which patients either directly or indirectly oppose changing their behavior or refuse to discuss, remember, or think about presumably clinically relevant experiences.

concordance rate

the presence of the same trait in both members of a pair of twins probability of genetic ptsd

cartharsis

the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.