Ap quizlet unit 2
Population pyramid
1. A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex. 2. Each sheet includes a population pyramid which shows the age and sex distribution for 2006.
Census
1. A complete enumeration of a population. 2. Population estimates extrapolated from the 1981 census.
Zero population growth (ZPG)
1. A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero. 2. I don't know of a time when there was a zero population growth.
Industrial Revolution
1. A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. 2. At no point since the industrial revolution has the restructuring of global economic activity been so dramatic.
Epidemiology
1. Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality. 2. Many of the people who work at the Center for Disease Control are experts in epidemiology.
Pandemic
1. Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population. 2. In the disease center, scientists are working hard to ensure the world does not see another viral pandemic.
Epidemiologic transition
1. Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition. 2. In demography and medical geography, epidemiological transition is a phase of development.
Medical Revolution
1. Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives. 2. The medical revolution develop in 1980 by Dr.j.William Langston has been researching Parkinson's disease for 25 years.
Total fertility rate (TFR)
1. The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. 2. The total fertility rate is currently 2.4 children per woman.
Life expectancy
1. The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live. 2. Studies have found that professional football players have a life expectancy in the mid-50s.
Sex ratio
1. The number of males per 100 females in the population. 2. For various reasons, however, many species deviate from anything like an even sex ratio, either periodically or permanently.
Overpopulation
1. The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. 2. Overpopulation is a serious thereat in Asia.
Physiological density
1. The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. 2. For example, in the United States the physiological density is 156 persons per square kilometer.
Dependency ratio
1. The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force. 2. A rising dependency ratio is a concern in many countries that are facing an aging population.
Doubling time
1. The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. 2. The doubling time was four years.
Natural increase rate (NIR)
1. The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. 2. Natural increase rates are a net result of fertility trends, health conditions, and variations in the age composition
Ecumene
1. The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. 2. Ecumenes such as provinces in India are susceptible to overpopulation.
Demographic transition
1. The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and hired total population. 2. The demographic transition model seeks to explain the transformation of countries from having high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
Agricultural density
1. The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. 2. The agriculture density for the are was 20 to 55.
Demography
1. The scientific study of population characteristics. 2. The membership of many organizations is also an accurate reflection of the religious demography of an area.
Agricultural revolution
1. The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. 2. The Agricultural Revolution of the 18th century paved the way for the Industrial Revolution in Britain.
Infant mortality rate (IMR)
1. The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society. 2. The current U.S. infant mortality rate is 6.1 infant deaths per 1,000 live births masks considerable state-level variation.
Crude death rate (CD-R)
1. The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,00 people alive in the society. 2. At once the crude birth rate began to rise and the crude death rate began to fall.
Crude birth rate (CBR)
1. The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. 2. The Crude Birth Rate is called "crude" because it does not take into account age or sex differences among the population.
Arithmetic density
1. The total number of people divided by the total land area. 2. The arithmetic density in Colorado was greater than I expected it to be.