AP World History Final
What role did tensions in Europe play in increasing fear of witchcraft?
-Economic shutdowns due to the Black Plague
How did the Dutch and the English come to surpass Spain and Portugal in trade?
-English: established trade with India -Dutch: traded Africans to the Americas and built advanced versatile cargo ships
What were the influences to the American Revolution?
-Enlightenment -Seven Years War taxation -social contract -John Locke's blank mind
Why was Philip II called "the Most Catholic King"?
-He insisted on strict conformity to Catholicism and strong monarchical authority -Conquered Muslims areas and expelled the Spanish Jews -Tried to crush Calvinism in the Netherlands
Of the four kings who appear in this timeline, which do you think was most responsible for the downfall of the monarchy?
-James 1 didn't like parliament
What economic theories were put into practice during the Age of Exploration?
-Mercantilisit theories focus on supply of gold
What did Enlightenment thinkers hope to achieve by using Newton's scientific methods?
-Newton: laws governing the physical universe could be discovered through SYSTEMIC INVESTIGATION
How were Spain and Portugal able to take the lead in discovering new lands?
-Portugal: Caravel, guns, and navigational tools -Spain: sailors
What was the "seven Years War"?
-Prussia tried to invade Austria because the leader of Austria was a women -alliances formed and switched (p+f and a+b) -france was only in the war because Britain was involved
Why did the Dutch, French, and English begin to challenge Portuguese and Spanish control in the Americas?
-Wanted their countries to expand -wanted gold and precious goods -were in opposition to Portugal and Spain because of other European wars
How did the Thirty Years' War become political?
-When Denmark, Sweden, France, and Spain became involved
What is absolutism?
-a system of government in which a ruler holds total power
How did European expansion affect Africa and the slave trade?
-africans were traded in the triangular trade network -africa started to get colonized -natural resources were stolen
What role did scientific breakthroughs play during the Scientific Revolution?
-allowed the expansion of learning as more scientist kept on expanding on one another's theory
What was the relationship between Parliament and the government of the British colonies in North America?
-colonies would get charged to make up for British's expenses -colonies were practically functioning on their own
How does the "Age of Exploration" transform the world?
-colonization -economic global system
How did the Columbian Exchange affect the Americas and Europe?
-could eat foreign fruits, vegetables and plants -brought over animals
How did Enlightenment ideas influence society and culture?
-emotions were paramount to human development -thought for themselves -were curios about the world and their right to express their views
How did the nature of European exploration change by the seventeenth century?
-establish control of territory -participate in the slave trade
Why do you think people of the "non-Christian world" objected to the Treaty of Tordesillas?
-gave rights to other Christian countries to conquest and colonize their land
What were the results of Spanish and Portuguese conquests in the Americas?
-genocide -slaves -colonization
How did Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo improve our understanding of the universe?
-heliocentric -sun is in the middle not the earth -law of motion
How was Europe affected by social and economic crises in the seventeenth century?
-inflation -witchcraft -weather conditions -plague
What was Jefferson's purpose in the first two paragraphs of the Declaration of Independence?
-list grievances against the English king -meant for the king and the world -wanted to rally troops, win foreign allies, and to announce the creation of a new country -explain colonists right to revolution so Congress could approve the right for war
In what ways does the Bill of Rights embody Enlightenment ideas?
-natural laws for individuals -check and balance system
What were the effects of the American Revolution?
-new nation -revolutions in other lands (France)
What role did philosophers play in the Enlightenment?
-philosophers pushed for changes in the government -natural laws
What fueled the French civil wars of the sixteenth century?
-population was Catholic, but almost half of the nobles were Protestant Huguenots, who were opposed by an extreme Catholic party
What roles did Spain play in religious conflicts?
-really catholics -banned muslims
How did the belief in logic and reason promote the beginnings of the social sciences?
-scientific investigation
What natural rights did the philosophes believe an enlightened ruler should establish and preserve for people?
-separation of church and state -balance of powers -for the people and by the people -federal system
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
-series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War
How did the Scientific Revolution change people's worldview?
-started to think because of humanism
What was the turning point in the "7 Years War" in Europe?
-switch alliances
What developments were the foundation of the Scientific Revolution?
-technological inventions -developments in math -scientific theories -philosophers
How were European rulers guided by Enlightenment thought?
-were forced to change laws otherwise a revolt would occur
How did John Locke's thinking differ from that of Hobbes?
Locke: blank mind Hobbes: legalism
Which phrases reflect John Locke's philosophy?
Locke: blank mind that is shaped by sensory experiences
