AP WORLD

Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750-1900 ?

Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories.

The quotation above best supports which of the following conclusions about the author's motives for resistance to Spanish colonial rule in Latin America?

Bolívar rejected Spanish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in Latin America.

The industrialization of Great Britain's economy in the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is most directly explained by which of the following?

Britain had large reserves of coal.

Social Darwinism was used to justify which of the following during the nineteenth century?

British colonization of India

The division of islands such as Borneo, New Guinea, and Timor on both maps best reflects which of the following?

Conquest by and competition between colonial empires

Based on the third paragraph, Stanley's vision of the future of the Congo River basin can best be seen as part of which of the following late-nineteenth-century developments?

Economic imperialism

The Indian liberal view of women discussed in the passage is best understood in the context of which of the following?

Emerging women's suffrage and feminist movements

Césaire's statement above was most likely made in response to

European colonizers' claim that their rule had improved life in the colonies

Which of the following historical processes after 1750 contributed most directly to a change in Safavid production and export patterns as described in the passage?

European industrialization

The founding of "the Australian nation," as alluded to in the passage, was part of which of the following processes?

European states' establishment of settler colonies

The commodities listed by Stanley in the second paragraph can best be understood in the context of

Europeans' need for resources to be used in industrial production

Adoption of which of the following power sources has contributed the most to increasing the energy available to humans?

Fossil fuels

The adoption of the new flag is an example of which of the following processes?

Governmental efforts of multinational states to promotes a new nationalist identify that would help prevent the emergence of ethnic separatism

The first successful revolution in the Caribbean and South America was launched in

Haiti

In the late nineteenth century, Japanese attitudes toward European cultural influences changed as a direct result of

Japan enacting political reforms during the Meiji Era

Which of the following developments in the late 1800s and early 1900s most directly challenges the author's argument regarding the role of Japan in Asia?

Japanese imperial expansion into Asian territories such as Taiwan and Korea

Which of the following developments in the period 1878-1922 best explains the change in Japanese trade patterns shown in the graphs above?

Japanese manufacturing output rose as a consequence of industrialization.

In the excerpt, Bolívar expresses which of the following?

Outrage at the effects of mercantilist policies

A historian analyzing the lecture would most likely argue that the audience of Chakravarti's lecture is significant because it shows the most direct contrast with which of the following developments in the nineteenth century?

Religious movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule.

Which of the following best supports the argument that the last three decades of the nineteenth century were a turning point in world history?

Significant increases in demand for fossil fuels for industrial uses

The quotation above by an early-twentieth-century Chinese revolutionary illustrates the influence of

Social Darwinism

The artist's perspective on the subject of the painting was most likely influenced by which of the following?

The Enlightenment

Which of the following European developments is most closely associated with the revolution in Haiti?

The French Revolution

Which of the following claims does Napoleon make about religion in the document al-Jabarti quotes in the second paragraph?

The French did not wish to change the religion of the people of Egypt.

The decree's statement regarding the change in the situation of the Ottoman Empire, as described in the first paragraph, is a viewpoint that would most likely have been shared by members of which of the following governments in the nineteenth century?

The Qing Empire in the aftermath of the signing of the unequal treaties

During the nineteenth century, which of the following engaged in a territorial expansion most similar to the one depicted in Map 1 ?

The United States

Which of the following contributed the most to the growth of the movement to abolish slavery in the Atlantic world?

The adaptation of Enlightenment ideas challenging established social hierarchies

The author's argument regarding the effects of Western philosophy on the world is likely based on which of the following?

The adoption of European Enlightenment political and scientific principles worldwide

The economic success of businesses such as the British South Africa Company was in part dependent on which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century?

The adoption of innovative practices in banking and finance

The declaration can best be understood as a rejection of which of the following ideals?

The belief that some groups of people are inherently superior to others

Which of the following developments in the nineteenth century would most likely help explain the size and composition of the workforce at the Bayer plant as described in the second paragraph?

The construction of railroads facilitated the migration of people to interior regions

During the nineteenth century, which of the following most directly motivated the major expansion of imperial territories in Southeast Asia as shown in Map 1 ?

The desire to extract resources and raw materials

The emergence of the German industries referred to in the passage is most directly explained by which of the following processes in the nineteenth century?

The development of new methods of production during the second industrial revolution

Which of the following would most directly challenge the labor system portrayed in the sketch?

The enlightenment

Which of the following most likely influenced Fukuzawa's views in the passage?

The forcible "opening up" of Japanese markets to the West, which led to the Meiji Restoration

The development of the factory system most directly explains which of the following characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

The greater degree of labor specialization

In what way did the Haitian Revolution differ from the French Revolution?

The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution.

The changing relationship between Portugal and Brazil described in the passage can best be understood in the context of which of the following developments after 1750 ?

The onset of Latin American independence movements

As described in the passage, the economic model of the British South Africa Company most directly differed from which of the following economic trends in the late nineteenth century?

The shift from mercantilism to free-market trade policies

The disputes over women's social status alluded to in the letter best reflect which of the following late nineteenth-century changes in Middle Eastern societies?

The spread of intellectual and political ideals that advocated for natural rights

Image 1 best illustrates which of the following broad economic transformations in the period circa 1750 ?

The transition from a human- and animal-powered economy to a fossil-fuel economy

Which of the following groups in late-nineteenth-century Egypt would have been most likely to support the author's view in the third paragraph about the status of women in "modern civilization" ?

The urban middle class

The trade described in the passage is best seen as an early example of which of the following?

The use of economic imperialism by European merchants and states

Which of the following best describes the artist's likely purpose in painting this particular subject?

To argue for the respectability of free people of color

During the nineteenth century, Asian and African rulers usually desired transfer of which of the following western technologies most?

Weapons

The gender and age makeup of the workforce shown in Image 2 best illustrates which of the following phenomena in mid-nineteenth-century European society?

Within factories, skilled workers continued to be predominantly male, while women and children continued to perform mostly unskilled factory work.

The high proportion of women and children among the workers reflected in the table is best seen in the context of the

low wages of workers in industrial societies

Stanley's description of the riches of the Congo in the first two paragraphs can best be seen as an attempt to

place European expansion in the Congo in the context of other imperial ventures that had seemed difficult at first but have subsequently turned out to be highly valuable

Darwin's theories were interpreted by Social Darwinists to indicate that

select human groups would dominate those less fit

A historian might argue that the trade described in the passage reflected a turning point in world history primarily because the opium trade

shifted the pattern of historic European trade imbalances with China

The arguments expressed in the passage are significant because they help explain why

social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule

The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1800 to 1900 C.E. best illustrate the impact of

the Industrial Revolution

Slavery and serfdom were abolished in the 1860s in

the united states and russia

Great Britain's development of the industry referred to in the first paragraph during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is best explained by the fact that British factories were the first to

use steam-powered machines for large scale economic production