AP World Unit 2 Review
Which of the following lists three places Ibn Battuta, the fourteenth-century Muslim traveler, visited? A The Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and Japan B The Arabian Peninsula, France, and India C India, Mali, and Persia D India, Persia, and Poland
C-India, Mali, and Persia
Which of the following lists three places Ibn Battuta, the fourteenth-century Muslim traveler, visited? A The Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and Japan B The Arabian Peninsula, France, and India C India, Mali, and Persia D India, Persia, and Poland E England, Iraq, and Mali
C-India, Mali, and Persia
The spread of which of the following religious traditions was most directly facilitated by trade along the routes shown on the map? A Christianity B Buddhism C Islam D Judaism
C-Islam
Between 200 B.C.E. and 1450 C.E., the Silk Roads linked which of the following? A The Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean B North Africa and western Europe C East Asia and the Mediterranean Sea D The Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea
C-East Asia and the Mediterranean Sea
The lines on the map above illustrate which of the following? A Spread of Hinduism B Spread of Christianity C Extent of trade routes D Seasonal migrations of nomads
C-Extent of trade routes
"I am a griot ... we are vessels of speech; we are the repositories which harbor secrets many centuries old. Without us the names of kings would vanish into oblivion. We are the memory of mankind; by the spoken word we bring to life the deeds and exploits of kings for younger generations. ... I teach kings the history of their ancestors so that the lives of the ancients might serve them as an example, for the world is old, but the future springs from the past." An African griot (storyteller), circa 1950, introducing the oral epic of King Sundiata of Mali, composed circa 1400 C.E. The introduction by the griot is intended to serve which of the following purposes? A To establish the griot's authority by connecting him to the past B To exalt the Malian kings above previous dynasties C To highlight the griot's unique abilities as compared to other griots D To portray Mali as a progressive society that is improving on the past
A- To establish the griot's authority by connecting him to the past
The map above indicates that A Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade B slavery existed in the western Sudan C Europeans had begun to make inroads in West Africa D Mali remained isolated from Europe and the Middle East E Atlantic ports were crucial for the transportation of salt and gold
A-Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade
Which of the following characterized the trans-Saharan trade by 1250? A Muslim merchants dominated trade B European Christians became directly involved in trade C Most trade was carried by horse rather tahn by people D The bulk of trade consisted of low-priced commodities
A-Muslim merchants dominated trade
A siginifcant example of the interaction among Indian, Arab, and European socities by 1200 was the transfer of knowledge of... A Numerals and the decimal system B Iron and Copper mining techniques C The flying shuttle and the spinning jenny D Gunpowder and cannons
A-Numerals and the decimal system
"In the year of our Lord 1315, hunger grew in the land. Entering the city we consider 'them that are consumed with famine' when we see the poor and needy, crushed with hunger, lying stiff and dead in the wards and streets." Johannes de Trokelowe, English monk, fourteenth century C.E. What mostly likely caused the famine described above? A The Little Ice Age B Desertification C The Crusades D Monsoon flooding
A-The Little Ice Age
The map above shows which of the following empires at its greatest extent? A The Mongol Empire B The Russian Empire C The Byzantine Empire D The Ottoman Empire
A-The Mongol Empire
The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1200 to 1400 C.E. best support which of the following conclusions? A The Mongol conquests had a more disruptive impact on the Middle East and Central Asia than they had on East Asia. B The emergence of the Ottoman Empire significantly increased the percentage of major urban centers in Europe. C The adoption of Champa rice during the Song dynasty significantly increased the share of China's urban population. D The outbreaks of bubonic plague greatly reduced urban populations across Eurasia.
A-The Mongol conquests had a more disruptive impact on the Middle East and Central Asia than they had on East Asia.
Which of the following was the most important factor in the spread of the bubonic plague in Eurasia? A The Mongol expansion from central Asia to China, eastern Europe, and the Middle East B The consolidation of western European monarchies C The spread of Buddhism from central Asia to China D The population decline and the outbreak of peasant revolts in eastern Europe
A-The Mongol expansion from central Asia to China, eastern Europe, and the Middle East
Which of the following best explains why, in the mid fourteenth century, events of the type depicted in the image were more common in urban areas of Afro-Eurasia than in rural or mountainous regions? A The disease principally spread along trade routes, and most commerce occurred in urban areas. B People in rural and mountainous regions had greater access to natural medicines that could fight the disease. C People in rural and mountainous regions were better able to flee to the safety of their lords' castles. D The disease principally spread among religious missionaries, and most missionaries traveled to cities.
A-The disease principally spread along trade routes, and most commerce occurred in urban areas.
Malian Emperor Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 can best be understood in the context of which of the following? A The expansion of Islam throughout Afro-Eurasia B The development of new transportation technologies C The diffusion of African culture to the Middle East D The territorial expansion of West African empires
A-The expansion of Islam throughout Afro-Eurasia
Which of the following contributed most directly to an increase in trade along the routes on the map? A The expansion of empires such as Mali in West Africa B The expansion of the Mongol Empire across Eurasia C The start of the Protestant Reformation in western Europe D The completion of the Christian Reconquista of Spain
A-The expansion of empires such as Mali in West Africa
Which of the following statements about the Mongol Empire of the thirteenth century is true? A The invasion of Japan was attempted but was unsuccessful. B The number of Buddhists and Muslims in Asia dropped significantly as a result of Mongol persecution. C In China the Mongols eliminated the Chinese scholar-official class. D The Mongols conquered Constantinople. E Ibn Battuta's writings described in detail life in the court of Genghis Khan.
A-The invasion of Japan was attempted but was unsuccessful.
Ibn Battuta traveled widely across the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa in the fourteenth century. His travels serve as evidence for the A unifying influence of Islam B excellent condition of roads in Africa and Asia C political unity of Africa and Asia D widespread use of paper money
A-unifying influence of Islam
Which of the following is true of the expeditions of Chinese Admiral Zheng He in the early 1400s? A He crossed the Indian Ocean but did not land on the African coast B He sailed to ports on the Indian Oceans coastline, including those in East Africa C He wished to find a new route to Europe in order to participate in European trade D He avoided contact with overseas Chinese communities
B- He sailed to ports in the Indian Ocean coastline, including those in East Africa
A historian researching the timeline of the spread of iron metallurgy in sub-Saharan Africa would find which of the following sources most useful? A Bantu-language oral histories transmitted through generations B Archaeological evidence of early forges and smelting operations C European travelers' accounts from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries describing African industrial practices D North African Muslim merchants' account books detailing purchases of iron tools
B-Archaeological evidence of early forges and smelting operations
The author's portrayal of the activities shown in Image 2 was most directly informed by A aristocratic resentment of peasants B Christian religious ideals C royal concern about the growing wealth of merchants D aristocratic ideals of chivalry and valor
B-Christian religious ideals
Which of the following most directly contributed to the decline of Eurasian urban populations during the fourteenth century? A Climate change B Epidemic disease C Religious wars D Regional migration
B-Epidemic disease
Which of the following is true of the expeditions of Chinese Admiral Zheng He in the early 1400s? A He wished to find a new route to Europe in order to participate in European trade. B He sailed to ports on the Indian Ocean coastline, including those in East Africa. C He crossed the Indian Ocean but did not land on the African coast. D He explored unknown regions and seas, though his ships were tiny and supplies inadequate. E He avoided contact with overseas Chinese communities.
B-He sailed to ports on the Indian Ocean coastline, including those in East Africa.
Which of the following factors represents the most significant cause of the growth of cities in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1000-1450 ? A Climate change B Increased interregional trade C Decreased agricultural productivity D Increased invasions
B-Increased interregional trade
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Mongol Empire? A It attempted to impose Mongol religious beliefs and practices on conquered peoples. B It reestablished the Silk Road between East Asia and Europe. C It attempted to create a self-contained economic system by banning all merchants from non-Mongol territories. D It developed a sophisticated bureaucracy staffed by talented Mongols. E It established and maintained clear rules of succession that insured the unity of the empire.
B-It reestablished the Silk Road between East Asia and Europe.
"The first man who came to Pate* was Sulayman, son of Mudhafar. He was a king in Arabia, but he had been driven out. He came to Pate in 1203 and married the daughter of the king of Pate. Because of this marriage, the Swahili adopted a custom that still lasts to this day: seven days after a wedding, the husband goes to see his wife's father, who then gives him something. Indeed, seven days after the wedding, Sulayman went to see his father-in-law, who handed over the kingdom to him. In 1291, Sulayman's great-grandson Muhammad reigned, and he kept on conquering the towns of the Swahili coast in many wars. His son, Sultan Umar, became very powerful and gained possession of all of the Swahili towns. In 1331, Sulayman's great-great grandson Muhammad ruled the whole kingdom of his father by peaceable means. He was extremely fond of money and trade. He ordered his merchants to undertake voyages to India to trade there, and because of this he became very wealthy." *an island located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Kenya A Swahili History of Pate, chronicle based on an ancient oral tradition, written down in Swahili in 1903. Swahili is a Bantu language that contains a significant number of Arabic words and phrases. Voyages such as those referred to in the third paragraph were most directly facilitated by which of the following? A A decrease in pirate activity following Zheng He's naval expeditions B Merchants' understanding of the patterns of the monsoon winds C An increase in the use of new forms of credit, such as paper money D Technological transfers from Europe, such as the compass
B-Merchants' understanding of the patterns of the monsoon winds
A historian researching the effects of the Crusades on the diffusion of technology would probably find which of the following sources most useful? A European crusader's accounts of Islamic religous practices B Monk's translations of Arabic mathematics tects brought from conquered territories C Muslim accounts of European royal marriges D Birth records from villages along the routes used by the Crusaders
B-Monk's translation of Arabic mathematics tects brought from conquered territories
Which of the following characterized the trans-Saharan trade by 1250 C.E.? A The bulk of the trade consisted of low-priced commodities. B Muslim merchants dominated the trade. C European Christians became directly involved in the trade. D Most trade was carried by horse rather than by people.
B-Muslim merchants dominated the trade.
The photograph above of a mosque (first erected in the fourteenth century) in the modern-day West African country of Mali best exemplifies which of the following historical processes? A Imposition of religion through military conquest B Spread of religion along trade routes C Abandonment of indigenous cultural styles in the face of colonization D Conflict between local and universalizing religions
B-Spread of religion along trade routes
"It is widely accepted that the rise of the Mongol Empire greatly expanded trade and the circulation of goods. . . . Since the fall of the Uighur Empire [in the ninth century], Mongolia was a region removed from the main trade routes. Thus the Mongols irrupted into the wider world as a relatively unknown society. As the Mongol Empire dominated Eurasia, envoys, merchants and travelers came to the court of the Mongols . . . and participated in . . . the exchange of goods, ideas, technology and people precipitated by the Mongol conquests." Timothy May, United States historian, academic article, 2016 Which of the following best describes an effect of the establishment of the Mongol Empire upon Silk Road long distance trade? A The Silk Road trade declined because the Mongol merchants preferred to use maritime long-distance trade networks instead. B The Silk Road trade increased because the Mongol conquests helped connect more regions of Eurasia economically and commercially. C The Silk Road trade was not affected by the Mongol conquests because the tribal and nomadic nature of Mongol society meant that Mongol demand for luxury goods was virtually nonexistent. D The Silk Road trade collapsed following the Mongol conquests because most trading cities along the Silk Roads were destroyed and never recovered.
B-The Silk Road trade increased because the Mongol conquests helped connect more regions of Eurasia economically and commercially.
Which of the following was the most important factor in the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia in the period circa 1250-1500 C.E.? A The religious zeal of Muslim soldiers willing to die to spread Islam B The activities of Muslim traders and Sufi missionaries C The relative lack of interest in Islam among Hindus and Buddhists D Muslim rulers' policy of toleration of all religions practiced in their realms
B-The activities of Muslim traders and Sufi missionaries
Which of the following best describes Middle Eastern trade in the period 1000 to 1450 ? A A unified Islamic Empire eliminated all internal tariffs and encouraged trade. B The area was engaged in regular trade with China, India, and sub-Saharan Africa. C The Ottoman Empire drained the resources of the area in the Empire's war with India. D The Byzantine Empire and the Russian Empire controlled trade in the area. E The area ceased trading with Europe but continued trading with sub-Saharan Africa.
B-The area was engaged in regular trade with China, India, and sub-Saharan Africa.
The figures in the foreground represent the clergy, nobility, and townspeople. Developments such as the one depicted in the painting most directly contributed to which of the following? A The decline of patriarchy across Afro-Eurasia B The decline of many urban areas C A decrease in technological and scientific innovation D A decrease in military conflicts
B-The decline of many urban areas
Which of the following resulted from the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire following the death of Genghis Khan? A The collapse of the Byzantine Empire B The development of khanates in Central Asia C The spread of Islam into East Asia D Increased trade between Africa and Asia
B-The development of khanates in Central Asia
"If it were asked, why do we accept the theory of contagion, when already the divine law has refuted the notion of contagion, we will answer: The existence of contagion has been proved by experience, deduction, the senses, observation, and by unanimous reports. And it is not a secret to whoever has looked into this matter or has come to be aware of it that those who come into contact with plague patients mostly die, while those who do not come into contact survive. And amidst the horrible afflictions that the plague has imposed upon the people, God has afflicted the people with some learned religious scholars who issue fatwas* against fleeing the plague, so that the quills with which the scholars wrote these fatwas were like swords upon which the Muslims died. In conclusion, to ignore the proofs of plague contagion is an indecency and an affront to God and holds cheap the lives of Muslims." *rulings on Islamic law Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, A Very Useful Inquiry into the Horrible Sickness, Granada, Spain, 1349-1352 The passage by al-Khatib is best understood in the context of which of the following? A The continuing endemic presence of malaria in the Mediterranean B The spread of the Black Death in the aftermath of the Mongol conquests C The spread of syphilis in Spain as a result of increased contacts with the Western Hemisphere D The increase in diseases associated with improvements in diet and longevity
B-The spread of the Black Death in the aftermath of the Mongol conquests
Which of the following was a significant effect of the Polynesian migrations in the Pacific in the period from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.? A The creation of an extensive trade network connecting Pacific islands to the Asian mainland B The transfer of domesticated plant and animal species to new islands in the Pacific C The development of distinctive Polynesian maritime technologies quickly adopted by Chinese and European explorers D The establishment of an ethnically unified Polynesian state spanning several island groups
B-The transfer of domesticated plant and animal species to new islands in the Pacific
Marco polo described which of the following at Kublai Khan's court that he had not encountered in Europe. A The attachment of the Khan to the use of horses for military purposes B The use of paper money and coal and the practice of frequent bathing C The austerity of the design of the Khan's palace D The use of spies in foreign nations
B-The use of paper money and coal and the practice of frequent bathing
The particular routes and timings of the voyages depicted on the maps best reflect which of the following characteristics of Omani merchants? A Their Islamic ritual observances, which made travel difficult during the fasting period of Ramadan B Their advanced knowledge of Indian Ocean currents and monsoon wind patterns C Their need to avoid the routes traveled by the faster and better-armed Portuguese trading ships D Their control of the sources of grain needed by Chinese and East African cities
B-Their advanced knowledge of Indian Ocean currents and monsoon wind patterns
Source 1: "[In the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries] Europeans derived more profit from their participation in trade within Asia than they did from their Asian imports into Europe. They were able to do so ultimately only thanks to their American silver. . . . Only their American money, and not any 'exceptional' European 'qualities' permitted the Europeans [to access Asian markets]. . . . However, even with that resource and advantage, the Europeans were no more than a minor player at the Asian, indeed world, economic table [until the nineteenth century]." Andre Gunder Frank, ReOrient: Global Economy in the Asian Age, 1996 Source 2: "The societies of Europe had been at the margins of the great trading systems, but they were at the center of the global networks of exchange created during the sixteenth century because they controlled the oceangoing fleets that knit the world into a single system. Western Europe was better placed than any other region to profit from the vast flows of goods and ideas within the emerging global system of exchange. . . . [European states] were keen to exploit the commercial opportunities created within the global economic system. They did so partly by seizing the resources of the Americas and using American commodities such as silver to buy their way into the markets of southern and eastern Asia, the largest in the world." David Christian, This Fleeting World: A Short History of Humanity, 2008 The trade networks described by the two sources were most strongly influenced by A increased Asian demand for food imports B increased European demand for luxury goods C increased Chinese maritime activity in the Indian Ocean D increased demand for precious metals within European colonies in the Americas
B-increased European demand for luxury goods
In the fourteenth century, merchants from China, Arabia, Persia, and Egypt were drawn to Calicut, India, primarily to purchase A iron B pepper C sugar D ivory E tobacco
B-pepper
The thirteenth-century map of Constantinople shown above indicates that the city A was located on an island B was highly fortified against outside attacks C tolerated many religions D looked down on trade and commerce E valued and rewarded people of all classes
B-was highly fortified against outside attacks
Which of the following led most directly to the development of trade networks in the Saharan Desert? A The emergence of the trans-Atlantice slave trade in West Africa B The overall decline in the trade of goods along the Silk Roads C Innovations in transportation and commercial technologies such as the caravanserai D The growth of trading networks in the Swahili coast
C- Innovations in transportation and commercial technologies such as the caravanserai
A historian researching the effects of the Crusades on the diffusion of technology would probably find which of the following sources most useful? A European crusaders' accounts of Islamic religious practices B Muslim accounts of European royal marriages C Monks' translations of Arabic mathematics texts brought from conquered territories D Birth records from villages along the routes used by the Crusaders
C-Monks' translations of Arabic mathematics texts brought from conquered territories
Before 1450, which of the following is true of sub-Saharan Africa's commerical economy? A Phoenician merchants controlled most of the long-distance trade of sub-Saharan Africa B The Sahara Desert prevented the sub-Saharan traders from participating in the long-distance trade C Sub-saharan Africa exported gold to the Middle East and Europe D The Mali-Great Zimbabwe trade route dominated the economy of sub-Saharan Africa
C-Sub-Saharan Africa exported gold to the Middle East and Europe
Before 1450 C.E. which of the following is true of sub-Saharan Africa's commercial economy? A Phoenician merchants controlled most of the long-distance trade of sub-Saharan Africa. B The Mali—Great Zimbabwe trade route dominated the economy of sub-Saharan Africa. C Sub-Saharan Africa exported gold to the Middle East and Europe. D The Sahara Desert prevented sub-Saharan traders from participating in long-distance trade.
C-Sub-Saharan Africa exported gold to the Middle East and Europe.
Which of the following was a major cause for the growth of cities throughout Afro-Eurasia from 800 to 1350? A The spread of mercantilism B The decline in epidemic diseases C The rise of interregional commerce D The decreasing need for agricultural workers
C-The rise of interregional commerce
The scene depicted in the painting is best understood in the context of which of the following wider Afro-Eurasian developments? A The collapse of papal authority B The diffusion of artistic traditions C The spread of epidemic diseases D The revival of classical architecture
C-The spread of epidemic diseases
*a hectare is equivalent to roughly 2.5 acres Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how the spread of rice cultivation contributed to changing the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in China, India, and the Middle East between 1200 and 1300 ? A The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in China and the Middle East but rose in India. B The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined more substantially in India than it did in the Middle East and China. C The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions. D The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased in every region except China.
C-The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions.
The map above demonstrates which of the following about the Indian Ocean trade? A Monsoons prevented trade from taking place along the East African coast. B Europeans were active in bringing goods from West Africa to the Indian Ocean. C Trade involved most of the regions bordering the Indian Ocean as well as China. D The most important item traded across the Indian Ocean was silk. E Arab and Indian traders were better traders than the Chinese.
C-Trade involved most of the regions bordering the Indian Ocean as well as China.
The Mongol conquests of much of Eurasia in the 13th century tended to encourage trade along the Silk Roads primarily by... A Discouraging seaborne trade along the Indian Ocean routes that competed with the Silk Roads B Opening large new markets for both European and East Asian goods in Central Asia C Increasing the demand for military supplies needed by the Mongol arimies D Decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the number of local rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans
D-Decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the numver od loca rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans
Which of the following contributed to the Chinese government's decision to stop voyages of exploration in the Indian Ocean in the early fifteenth century? A Armed resistance from Arab navies B Lack of sufficient Chinese goods for trade C The destruction of the Chinese fleet by typhoons D Government concern with domestic problems and frontier security E Fear of the spread of the plague to China
D-Government concern with domestic problems and frontier security
"After leaving India, we arrived in Sumatra. It is a fertile area, in which coco-palm, clove, Indian aloe, mango, and sweet orange trees grow. Local commerce is facilitated by tin and Chinese gold. The sultan was informed of our visit and sent the judge and experts on Islamic law to meet me. The sultan is an illustrious and generous ruler and a patron of religious scholars. He is constantly waging war against the non-Muslims of Sumatra, but is a humble man who walks on foot to Friday prayers. The non-Muslims of the area must pay a poll-tax to obtain peace. One Friday after leaving the mosque, the sultan mounted an elephant and we and his entourage rode with him on horses until we reached the palace. Male musicians came into the audience hall and sang before him, after which they led horses into the hall. The horses were embroidered in silk and wore golden anklets and danced before the sultan. I was astonished, even though I had seen the same performance at the court of the Delhi sultan in India*. My stay at the sultan's court lasted fifteen days, after which I asked his permission to continue my journey to China because it is not possible to sail to China at all times of the year. We then traveled to a kingdom on the Malay Peninsula aboard a Chinese ship. This kingdom is inhabited by non-Muslims and contains great quantities of aromatic spices and aloes. The merchants sell Indian aloe for a roll of cotton cloth, which is dearer to them than silk. The ruler is a non-Muslim. We then left the Malay Peninsula and sailed to another non-Muslim kingdom in Southeast Asia. After seventeen days at sea, with a favorable wind and sailing with maximum speed and ease, we reached the land of China." *The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim state in northern India that was ruled by a Turkic elite. Ibn Battuta, Muslim traveler from North Africa, account of his journey to China, circa 1345 Based on Ibn Battuta's description of the sultan of Sumatra in the first paragraph, his point of view could most likely be characterized as that of a A Sunni Muslim merchant who believes that commercial profits should be given greater consideration than religious purity B Sufi Muslim mystic who believes that Muslim rulers should encourage religious coexistence C Shi'a Muslim cleric who believes that false interpretations of Islam have corrupted the religion D Sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to
D-Sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to expand Islam
Which of the following factors helps explain the rise of urban centers and the increase in trade in Afro-Eurasia during the second half of the thirteenth century? A The increase in all forms of coerced labor to build housing B The decline of the Mongol khanates across Asia C The reopening of Indian Ocean trade networks by Chinese explorers D The availability of safe and reliable transport along land-based trade routes
D-The availability of safe and reliable transport along land-based trade routes
Which of the following resulted from the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire following the death of Genghis Khan? A The collapse of the Byzantine Empire B Increased trade between Africa and Asia C The spread of Islam into East Asia D The development of khanates in Central Asia
D-The development of khanates in Central Asia
The illustration above shows which of the following about the fifteenth century? A The relative number of ships produced by the Hangzhou shipyards and the Genoese shipyards B The beginning of a long period of Chinese domination of Indian Ocean trade C The meting of Vasco de Gama and Zheng He D The relative size of the European caravel and the Ming treasure ship E The use of the lateen sail
D-The relative size of the European caravel and the Ming treasure ship
In the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E., merchant diaspora communities, such as those of Muslims in India, Chinese in Southeast Asia, and Jews in the Mediterranean, had which of the following in common? A They generally imposed their own languages on the local communities. B They generally became military outposts that facilitated the expansion of empires. C They generally lost touch with their homelands and merged with the local population. D They generally introduced their own cultural practices into the local cultures.
D-They generally introduced their own cultural practices into the local cultures.
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the travel depicted in the illustration? A To convert peoples of other faiths to Islam B To create diasporic merchant communities C To recruit soldiers for the Caliphate D To bind diverse communities to a common tradition
D-To bind diverse communities to a common tradition
"After leaving India, we arrived in Sumatra. It is a fertile area, in which coco-palm, clove, Indian aloe, mango, and sweet orange trees grow. Local commerce is facilitated by tin and Chinese gold. The sultan was informed of our visit and sent the judge and experts on Islamic law to meet me. The sultan is an illustrious and generous ruler and a patron of religious scholars. He is constantly waging war against the non-Muslims of Sumatra, but is a humble man who walks on foot to Friday prayers. The non-Muslims of the area must pay a poll-tax to obtain peace. One Friday after leaving the mosque, the sultan mounted an elephant and we and his entourage rode with him on horses until we reached the palace. Male musicians came into the audience hall and sang before him, after which they led horses into the hall. The horses were embroidered in silk and wore golden anklets and danced before the sultan. I was astonished, even though I had seen the same performance at the court of the Delhi sultan in India*. My stay at the sultan's court lasted fifteen days, after which I asked his permission to continue my journey to China because it is not possible to sail to China at all times of the year. We then traveled to a kingdom on the Malay Peninsula aboard a Chinese ship. This kingdom is inhabited by non-Muslims and contains great quantities of aromatic spices and aloes. The merchants sell Indian aloe for a roll of cotton cloth, which is dearer to them than silk. The ruler is a non-Muslim. We then left the Malay Peninsula and sailed to another non-Muslim kingdom in Southeast Asia. After seventeen days at sea, with a favorable wind and sailing with maximum speed and ease, we reached the land of China." *The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim state in northern India that was ruled by a Turkic elite. Ibn Battuta, Muslim traveler from North Africa, account of his journey to China, circa 1345 The purpose of Ibn Battuta's account was most likely to A glorify himself by exaggerating the influence he had obtained over local rulers in Southeast Asia B warn Muslim merchants that China was beginning to dominate commerce in the Indian Ocean C encourage fellow Muslims in North Africa to participate more in maritime commerce D inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited
D-inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited
"The Crusader states were able to cling to survival only through frequent delivery of supplies and manpower from Europe. [They] were defended primarily by three semi-monastic military orders: the Templars, the Hospitallers, and the Teutonic Knights. Combining monasticism and militarism, these orders served to protect pilgrims and to wage perpetual war against the Muslims." Palmira Brummett, world historian, 2007 "Whenever I visited Jerusalem, I always entered the al-Aqsa Mosque, beside which stood a small mosque which the Franks had converted into a church ... [T]he Templars, ... who were my friends, would evacuate the little adjoining mosque so that I could pray in it." Usamah ibn Munqidh, Muslim historian, Jerusalem, circa 1138 The second passage does not support the first passage because the second passage A shows that an influx of manpower from Europe was not critical for the survival of the Crusader states B shows that Muslims vastly outnumbered Europeans in the Crusader states C minimizes the importance of Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights in the administration of the Crusader states D presents an incident in which a military order supported a Muslim traveler
D-presents an incident in which a military order supported a Muslim traveler
Which of the following is true of commerce in the Indian Ocean during the time period 1000-1450? A Chinese merchants dominated the trade routes of the Indian Ocean. B There was very little commercial activity in the Indian Ocean. C Merchants from Europe dominated the trade routes of the Indian Ocean. D Following the rise of the Mongols during the thirteenth century, the volume of Indian Ocean commerce fell sharply. E Indian Ocean commerce flourished and was conducted by a mixture of Asian, Middle Eastern, and East African merchants.
E-Indian Ocean commerce flourished and was conducted by a mixture of Asian, Middle Eastern, and East African merchants.
Which of the following languages came into existence after 1000 as the direct result of expanding global trade patterns? A Arabic B Chinese C Latin D Sanskrit E Swahili
E-Swahili