ap world unit 5 part 1
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the economic development of Japan and the economic development of Russia in the nineteenth century? Responses A Both countries industrialized, with the state playing an important role in the process. B Both countries remained dependent on the West for their economic development. C Japan's economy remained predominantly agrarian, while Russia became a major industrial power. D Russia's industrialization occurred in the early 1800s, while Japan's industrialization occurred in the late 1800s.
A Both countries industrialized, with the state playing an important role in the process.
Which of the following historical developments in the period 1750-1900 best explains the attitudes toward women in Muslim societies expressed by the authors of the two sources? Responses A Challenges to existing political and social hierarchies B Criticisms of the political authority of wealthy elites C Arguments about the benefits of free trade for economic growth D Acceptance of globalism's effects on moral behavior
A Challenges to existing political and social hierarchies
The author's argument regarding taxation most closely resembles the arguments made by Responses A Enlightenment thinkers regarding natural rights and the social contract B working-class movements regarding better wages and working conditions C abolitionist movements regarding the need to end the Atlantic slave trade D conservative thinkers regarding the need to preserve the social status of landed elites
A Enlightenment thinkers regarding natural rights and the social contract
The image best illustrates which factor that contributed to Great Britain's increasing prominence as a global power in the nineteenth century? Responses A Great Britain's location on the Atlantic Ocean and its many waterways enabled it to import and export goods. B Agricultural innovations, such as crop rotation and higher-yielding seeds, increased British agricultural output, kept food prices low, and freed up labor from the countryside. C Great Britain's rapidly growing population ensured a steady supply of industrial workers. D Great Britain's access to foreign resources from colonized territories provided raw materials for manufacturing.
A Great Britain's location on the Atlantic Ocean and its many waterways enabled it to import and export goods.
The first successful revolution in the Caribbean and South America was launched in Responses A Haiti B Argentina C Cuba D Columbia E Jamaica
A Haiti
Many Indian historians after independence would likely have objected to Bayly's characterization of Indian liberalism on the basis of their belief that Responses A Indian nationalism was inspired predominantly by Indian cultural and political traditions B environmental considerations were a primary motive behind Indian nationalist sentiment C French literary theories in the late twentieth century were critical to understanding Indian nationalism D the military rebellion in support of the last Mughal emperor was the defining moment for Indian nationalism
A Indian nationalism was inspired predominantly by Indian cultural and political traditions
Japan's industrialization during the Meiji period and the Soviet Union's industrialization during the 1920s and 1930s had which of the following characteristics in common? Responses A Industrialization in both countries was achieved largely through state direction rather than through private initiative. B Both governments aimed to maintain women's inferior status while continuing to work on making economic progress. C Foreign investment capital financed both industrialization programs. D The working classes of both countries began to rebel against poor working conditions and to join political parties.
A Industrialization in both countries was achieved largely through state direction rather than through private initiative.
In the period from 1750 to 1850, which of the following political ideologies was gaining increasing influence in western Europe and parts of the Atlantic world? Responses A Liberalism B Absolutism C Fascism D Communism
A Liberalism
The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following? Responses A Limitation of civil rights to a minority of the population B Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands C Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control D The desire of a majority of revolutionary leaders to create a politically united hemisphere E Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states
A Limitation of civil rights to a minority of the population
The letter's reference in the second paragraph to the claims of "our doctors and scientists" is best understood in the context of which of the following late-nineteenth-century processes? Responses A Physical differences between genders and racial groups were used to justify the denial of rights to women and non-Europeans. B The achievements of medieval Muslim science became known in the West, stimulating new interest in biology and medicine. C Bourgeois ideas of cultural and literary refinement became prevalent in many parts of the world. D The scientific method stressing experimentation and the collection of empirical evidence was discovered and first used.
A Physical differences between genders and racial groups were used to justify the denial of rights to women and non-Europeans.
In the nineteenth century, women's use of bound feet (China), white face paint (Japan), and corsets (western Europe) are examples of which of the following? Responses A Practices that inhibit female activities B The beauty of middle-class women C Fashions that spread worldwide D The middle class's setting the fashion for all women E Women's participation in the workforce
A Practices that inhibit female activities
The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following? Responses A Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas B Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands C Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control D Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states
A Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas
Which of the following best supports the argument that the last three decades of the nineteenth century were a turning point in world history? Responses A Significant increases in demand for fossil fuels for industrial uses B Transition from use of coal and steam to nuclear power C Worldwide transition from polytheism to monotheism D Significant increases in agricultural productivity due to Green Revolution technology
A Significant increases in demand for fossil fuels for industrial uses
The type of grievances outlined by the author in the passage was a key contributing factor in the outbreak of which of the following? Responses A The American Revolution B The Haitian Revolution C The First World War D The Second World War
A The American Revolution
Which of the following societies successfully resisted foreign penetration and domination from 1650 to 1850? Responses A The Japanese B The Indians C The South Africans D The Latin Americans E The Chinese
A The Japanese
Which of the following developments in the nineteenth century would most likely help explain the size and composition of the workforce at the Bayer plant as described in the second paragraph? Responses A The construction of railroads facilitated the migration of people to interior regions. B The invention of steamships facilitated the migration of colonial subjects to imperial metropoles. C The invention of the telegraph made it easier for companies to recruit educated workers from across the world. D The discovery of electricity made rural communities more attractive places to live for wealthy urbanites.
A The construction of railroads facilitated the migration of people to interior regions.
The passage would be most useful to a historian researching which of the following topics? Responses A The global influence of Enlightenment ideals on emerging nationalist movements B The influence of Christianization on ethnic identities C The influence of the Marxist concept of class conflict on Latin American societies D The global influence of economic liberalism on imperial land policies
A The global influence of Enlightenment ideals on emerging nationalist movements
Which of the following best explains the change in energy consumption in the time period from 1000 to 1850 C.E.? Responses A The increasing mechanization of labor as a result of industrialization B The development of command economies during the second industrial revolution C The expansion of coerced labor in the Americas D The global intensification of peasant labor
A The increasing mechanization of labor as a result of industrialization
By 1830 revolutions in the Atlantic world resulted in which of the following changes? Responses A The political independence of colonies in both North and South America B The emancipation of slaves everywhere in the Atlantic world C Political and economic domination of the Western Hemisphere by the United States D The creation of a politically unified South America
A The political independence of colonies in both North and South America
Over the course of the nineteenth century, the risks associated with financing the trading voyages of European ships would Responses A decrease, as steamships offered a more reliable and safer method of oceanic transportation B increase, as Asian navies became more of a threat to European navies C increase, as the rise of new colonial powers such as Italy and Germany threatened international trade D decrease, as international organizations succeeded in eliminating almost all piracy
A decrease, as steamships offered a more reliable and safer method of oceanic transportation
Sun Yuting's analysis of the potential effect of a trade embargo on Great Britain could best be characterized as Responses A inaccurate, because Sun Yuting failed to account for the fact that Great Britain's economy had largely industrialized B inaccurate, because Sun Yuting failed to recognize how new methods of agriculture had greatly increased the quality of food available to Great Britain's urban poor C accurate, because Sun Yuting recognized how much the possession of colonies burdened Great Britain's economy D accurate, because Sun Yuting understood that revolutionary wars had bankrupted Great Britain
A inaccurate, because Sun Yuting failed to account for the fact that Great Britain's economy had largely industrialized
As described in the passage, the voting requirements in Japan circa 1878 most directly reflect the continuing influence of Responses A societal norms that assigned women lower status than the status of men B nationalistic ideals that mobilized Japanese men to support imperial expansion C middle-class ideals that motivated women to seek work outside the household D Buddhist principles that emphasized the spiritual equality of men and women
A societal norms that assigned women lower status than the status of men
All of the following claims made by Saint-Maurice in Source 2 directly advocate for the abolition of slavery in Saint-Domingue EXCEPT Responses A that "White hands will never suffice to work the land under a burning sun" B that "everything tells you that man will no longer be the slave of man" C that "He is your equal, because he is a man" D that "neither the nation nor the Supreme Being created slaves"
A that "White hands will never suffice to work the land under a burning sun"
Most world historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was Responses A the Industrial Revolution B European medical technology C Spanish control of New World silver D Portuguese naval and firearms technology E the Enlightenment
A the Industrial Revolution
Most world historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was Responses A the Industrial Revolution B European medical technology C Spanish control of New World silver D the Enlightenment
A the Industrial Revolution
Based on the provisions from the 1824 Constitution cited in the second paragraph, it can be inferred that Responses A the government of Brazil had adopted Enlightenment political principles B Brazilian laws continued to be dictated from Portugal C Brazilian slaves were inspired to seek further rights by the example of the Haitian Revolution D in terms of granting political liberties to its citizens, Brazil was more progressive than most Latin American countries
A the government of Brazil had adopted Enlightenment political principles
In nineteenth-century liberal democratic theory, a woman's role was generally portrayed as that of Responses A the mother of citizens B the manager of property C a political participant D a productive worker E a consumer
A the mother of citizens
Great Britain's development of the industry referred to in the first paragraph during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is best explained by the fact that British factories were the first to Responses A use steam-powered machines for large-scale economic production B use natural resources from colonies to create finished products C use coerced labor for producing manufactured goods D take advantage of mercantilist economic policies to protect themselves from foreign competition
A use steam-powered machines for large-scale economic production
Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750-1900 ? Responses A Because the nutritional quality of food greatly improved, more people were able to sustain the long working hours that factory labor required. B Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories. C Because farmers needed less land to produce the same amount of food, they could build textile factories on the excess land. D Because greater quantities of food could be sold at higher prices, governments could tax farmers at higher rates and use those revenues to build factories.
B Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories.
The quotation above best supports which of the following conclusions about the author's motives for resistance to Spanish colonial rule in Latin America? Responses A Bolívar opposed the use of Native Americans and Africans as forced laborers in Latin America. B Bolívar rejected Spanish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in Latin America. C Bolívar was alarmed by the excessive consumerism in the Spanish empire. D Bolívar hoped to undo the effects of the columbian exchange.
B Bolívar rejected Spanish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in Latin America.
Which of the following statements is true of Latin American independence movements in the nineteenth century? Responses A Slaves led a majority of the armed revolts. B Creole elites led most revolts against colonial rule. C The United States provided military and financial support to all the revolts. D The revolts led to the elimination of racial discrimination throughout Latin America.
B Creole elites led most revolts against colonial rule.
Which of the following was the key factor in the start of Latin American independence? Responses A Slave uprisings B Creole grievances about their lack of political authority C The end of the Napoleonic Wars D Enlightenment ideas about religious tolerance
B Creole grievances about their lack of political authority
The image from Japan during the Meiji Restoration best exemplifies which of the following processes? Responses A Attempts by conservative members of society to maintain indigenous traditions B Cultural changes accompanying greater contact with the United States C Greater freedom for women resulting from democratization D Increased emphasis on international cooperation as a result of the lowering of trade barriers
B Cultural changes accompanying greater contact with the United States
The Indian liberal view of women discussed in the passage is best understood in the context of which of the following? Responses A Changes in gender roles as a result of Indian industrialization B Emerging women's suffrage and feminist movements C The predominantly male migration of Indian indentured labor overseas D The development of more effective means of birth control
B Emerging women's suffrage and feminist movements
In the nineteenth century, the spread of which of the following most strongly contributed to a sharp decline in the slave trade? Responses A Revolutionary movements in the Caribbean that successfully duplicated the results of the Haitian Revolution B Enlightenment ideas challenging traditional notions of individual and natural rights C Marxist ideas advocating for the overthrow of the capital-holding classes D Romantic ideas challenging traditional beliefs about the relationship between humans and nature
B Enlightenment ideas challenging traditional notions of individual and natural rights
Which of the following historical processes after 1750 contributed most directly to a change in Safavid production and export patterns as described in the passage? Responses A Economic liberalization B European industrialization C The abolition of slavery D The global silver trade
B European industrialization
Which of the following factors contributed most to the increase of world population in the period 1750 to 1900 C.E.? A A decline in the frequency and deadliness of warfare B Improvements in agricultural productivity and food distribution C Improvements in rural health care D A rapid increase in birth rates throughout the globe
B Improvements in agricultural productivity and food distribution
In the late nineteenth century, Japanese attitudes toward European cultural influences changed as a direct result of Responses A Japan isolating its economy from trade with Western markets B Japan enacting political reforms during the Meiji Era C Japan defeating China in the First Sino-Japanese War D Japan extending its empire over most of Southeast Asia
B Japan enacting political reforms during the Meiji Era
Bolívar was describing the effects of which of the following economic policies? Responses A Feudalism B Mercantilism C Socialism D Capitalism
B Mercantilism
In the excerpt, Bolívar expresses which of the following? Responses A Concern about the lack of restrictions on capital investments B Outrage at the effects of mercantilist policies C Disgust with the extravagant spending of socialist governments D Rebellion against the restrictions of feudalism
B Outrage at the effects of mercantilist policies
Based on the passage, the author would most likely support which of the following policies? Responses A Adopting a socialist system of government to reduce economic inequalities in Japanese society B Providing greater educational opportunities to increase women's economic independence C Industrializing the Japanese economy to increase the standard of living for all Japanese citizens D Returning Japan's political order to the way it was under the Tokugawa Shogunate
B Providing greater educational opportunities to increase women's economic independence
Which of the following would most directly challenge the labor system portrayed in the sketch? Responses A Trade unionism B The Enlightenment C Social Darwinism D Marxism
B The Enlightenment
Which of the following most directly contributed to the overall trend in the percentages of industrial production and heavy industry as shown in the table for the period 1890-1938 ? Responses A The Japanese annexation of Manchuria B The Meiji reforms C Japan's defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War D Japan's entry into the World Trade Organization
B The Meiji reforms
Change, 1999 Which of the following developments in nineteenth-century Brazil was most likely a product of the experiences of elite Brazilians, as described in the second paragraph? Responses A The relocation of the Portuguese monarch's court to Brazil B The abolition of slavery C The beginnings of industrialization of the economy D The spread of United States economic imperialism
B The abolition of slavery
Which of the following contributed the most to the growth of the movement to abolish slavery in the Atlantic world? Responses A Increased availability of Asian indentured labor B The adaptation of Enlightenment ideas challenging established social hierarchies C The efforts of industrialists to create a more flexible workforce D A decline in the number of enslaved persons being taken from Africa
B The adaptation of Enlightenment ideas challenging established social hierarchies
The emergence of the German industries referred to in the passage is most directly explained by which of the following processes in the nineteenth century? Responses A The spread of new industrial technologies such as the internal combustion engine from the United States B The development of new methods of production during the second industrial revolution C The greater diversity of manufactured goods produced by industrial factories D The growing importance of using coal as fuel in industrial production
B The development of new methods of production during the second industrial revolution
Based on the letter, Kartini's views were most similar to the views espoused by members of which of the following movements? Responses A The socialist movement B The early feminist movement C The abolitionist movement D The anti-imperialist movement
B The early feminist movement
The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain was most influenced by which of the following factors? Responses A The amount and location of British petroleum reserves B The location and large number of British coal deposits C The aggressive promotion of industrialization by George III D The spread of cotton cultivation in southern England
B The location and large number of British coal deposits
Which of the following best describes an accurate comparison of the relationship between sailing vessels and steamships in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table? Responses A The total number of sailing vessels in North America was less than the total number of steamships in Europe. B The total number of sailing vessels in all regions still greatly surpassed the total number of steamships in all regions. C The total number of sailing vessels in all regions was declining in relationship to the total number of steamships in all regions. D The total number of sailing vessels in Asia was less than half the total number of steamships in North America.
B The total number of sailing vessels in all regions still greatly surpassed the total number of steamships in all regions.
Image 1 best illustrates which of the following broad economic transformations in the period circa 1750 ? Responses A The transition from an industrial to a postindustrial economy B The transition from a human- and animal-powered economy to a fossil-fuel economy C The transition from the First Industrial Revolution to the Second Industrial Revolution D The transition from guild-system manufacturing to putting-out-system manufacturing
B The transition from a human- and animal-powered economy to a fossil-fuel economy
The Meiji government's "emulation of foreign ways" was most directly a response to which of the following nineteenth-century developments? Responses A The Qing Empire forcing Japan to accept tributary relations B Western states forcing Japan to open itself to trade C The Qing Empire requiring Japan to make territorial concessions following the Sino-Japanese War D Western states requiring Japan to accept Western advisers at the imperial court following the Opium Wars
B Western states forcing Japan to open itself to trade
The Meiji reforms in Japan resulted in Responses A the strengthening of the power of regional lords at the expense of the emperor B a shift of power away from regional lords and to the emperor C the Tokugawa shogunate's adoption of a unified civil code D the overthrow of the imperial system for a democratic republic
B a shift of power away from regional lords and to the emperor
Kersaint and Saint-Maurice's arguments about granting citizenship to the Black inhabitants of Saint-Domingue are most different from the arguments of those nationalists who claimed that Responses A having a shared language and religion were more important than sharing a contiguous territory in determining who could be citizens within the nation B only those born within the territory of the nation and those who shared a common historical origin should be included as citizens within the nation C political power could only be exercised through the popular will of the nation's citizens D people from separate national groups with distinct cultural traditions could be equal citizens within the same state
B only those born within the territory of the nation and those who shared a common historical origin should be included as citizens within the nation
Slavery and serfdom were abolished in the 1860s in Responses A Great Britain and Brazil B the United States and Russia C France and Algeria D Austria-Hungary and India E China and the Ottoman Empire
B the United States and Russia
Which of the following was the most immediate effect of the processes illustrated in the images? Responses A A renewed push for overseas colonies as European countries competed for new sources of coal B The launch of European-sponsored industrialization efforts in Asian and African countries C A decline in Asian countries' share of world manufacturing as Asian goods lost ground to European imports D The emergence of Germany as the dominant industrial power in Europe following German unification
C A decline in Asian countries' share of world manufacturing as Asian goods lost ground to European imports
All of the following statements about Armand-Guy Kersaint are factually accurate. Which would best explain why, unlike the author of Source 2, Kersaint is NOT calling for the unconditional and immediate abolition of slavery? Responses A In his writings, Kersaint advocates for encouraging the willing migration of Africans to French colonies rather than their enslavement. B As an officer in the French navy, Kersaint had participated in military campaigns against the British in the Caribbean and during the American Revolution. C At the time of the French Revolution, Kersaint owned plantations and other property in the French Caribbean. D In a pamphlet written shortly before the French Revolution began, Kersaint called for abolishing the traditional privileges of the French nobility in France and its colonies.
C At the time of the French Revolution, Kersaint owned plantations and other property in the French Caribbean.
The print above suggests that as nineteenth-century Japan industrialized, Japanese women did which of the following? Responses A Stayed at home, out of the workforce. B Demonstrated against participation in the factory system. C Became involved in the factory system and industrial production. D Enjoyed leadership positions over their male counterparts in factories and industries. E Chose to continue the domestic, or cottage, system of production.
C Became involved in the factory system and industrial production.
The industrialization of Great Britain's economy in the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is most directly explained by which of the following? Responses A Britain had large reserves of petroleum. B British scientists were the first to discover electricity. C Britain had large reserves of coal. D British engineers developed new methods of producing cheaper steel.
C Britain had large reserves of coal.
The perspective of the author in the first paragraph can best be understood in the context of which of the following nineteenth-century developments? Responses A The expansion of Catholicism in Africa and the Americas B The development of new military technologies due to industrialization C Competition among European states for global power and influence D Increasing African immigration to Italy
C Competition among European states for global power and influence
Which of the following was a major reason for the decline in India's share of the global manufacture of cotton textiles by the end of the nineteenth century? Responses A Climate change that significantly altered the growing season B Disruption of production from disputes with labor unions C Competition from industrially produced British textiles D Religious opposition to capitalist modes of production
C Competition from industrially produced British textiles
And God gave unto the Polish kings and knights freedom, that all might be brothers, both the richest and the poorest. The king and the men of knightly rank received into their brotherhood still more people.... And the number of brothers became as great as a nation, and in no nation were there so many people free and calling each other brothers as in Poland." Adam Mickiewicz, poem, 1832, about Polish uprisings against Russia in 1830 and 1831 The passage above best reflects which of the following? Responses A Marxist critiques of unequal distribution of wealth B Discontent with government bureaucracy C Development of nationalism D Criticism of religion's role in public life
C Development of nationalism
Based on Bayly's argument, Indian liberal ideas were most clearly influenced by which of the following? Responses A Classical Indian religious and philosophical traditions B Marxist political theories of class struggle C Enlightenment concepts of natural rights D Laissez-faire capitalism espoused by European thinkers
C Enlightenment concepts of natural rights
Adoption of which of the following power sources has contributed the most to increasing the energy available to humans? Responses A Draft animals B Wind power C Fossil fuels D Nuclear power
C Fossil fuels
For the period circa 1890 to 1910, which of the following countries experienced industrialization trends most similar to those for Japan, as shown in the table? Responses A Qing China B Dutch Indonesia C Germany D The Ottoman Empire
C Germany
Industrialization in Russia during the nineteenth century most closely resembled industrialization in which of the following regions? Responses A The United States during the American Revolution B South America during the wars for independence from Spain C Japan during the Meiji Restoration D China during the Communist Revolution
C Japan during the Meiji Restoration
Which of the following developments in the period 1878-1922 best explains the change in Japanese trade patterns shown in the graphs above? Responses A Japanese manufacturing output decreased because Japanese leaders restricted commercial ties. B Export of manufactured goods declined because United States tariffs on Japanese goods increased. C Japanese manufacturing output rose as a consequence of industrialization. D Japanese imports of raw materials increased as a consequence of extensive immigration to Japan.
C Japanese manufacturing output rose as a consequence of industrialization.
Which of the following is a significant result of the late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century revolutions in both Europe and the Americas? Responses A The theory of divine right monarchy dominated intellectual discourse in both Europe and the Americas. B People throughout Europe and the Americas rejected the concept of popular sovereignty. C Nation-states emerged as the principal form of political organization in both Europe and the Americas. D Philosophical liberalism as a force in political life declined throughout Europe and the Americas.
C Nation-states emerged as the principal form of political organization in both Europe and the Americas.
Which of the following distinguishes the Meiji period from earlier periods in Japanese history? Responses A Militarism and feudalism B Isolation and lack of foreign trade C Reform and industrialization D Democratization and manorial privilege
C Reform and industrialization
Which of the following nineteenth-century historical processes gave rise to arguments for regional unity similar to those made by the author? Responses A Russia and Great Britain's struggle for influence over Central Asia B European countries' efforts to carve out colonial territories during the scramble for Africa C Spanish Latin American colonies' struggles for independence D The establishment of rival alliances in Western Europe following the unification of Germany
C Spanish Latin American colonies' struggles for independence
Which of the following European developments is most closely associated with the revolution in Haiti? Responses A The Protestant Reformation B The Russian Revolution C The French Revolution D The Industrial Revolution
C The French Revolution
Which of the following claims does Napoleon make about religion in the document al-Jabarti quotes in the second paragraph? Responses A The French had come to convert Egypt to Christianity. B The French had come to abolish Islam. C The French did not wish to change the religion of the people of Egypt. D The French state was not based on the principles of the Enlightenment.
C The French did not wish to change the religion of the people of Egypt.
Which of the following claims does al-Jabarti make about the French? Responses A The French are Muslim but pretend to be Christian. B The French are Christian but pretend to be Muslim. C The French do not believe in either Christianity or Islam. D The French have created a new religion of their own.
C The French do not believe in either Christianity or Islam.
The author's argument regarding the effects of Western philosophy on the world is likely based on which of the following? Responses A The technological innovations of Greece and Rome B The global spread of Christianity as a result of European trade and conquest C The adoption of European Enlightenment political and scientific principles worldwide D The globalization of popular European postmodern philosophy
C The adoption of European Enlightenment political and scientific principles worldwide
The passage above is an example of which of the following processes occurring in the eighteenth century? Responses A The emergence of nationalism B The formation of separatist movements C The application of Enlightenment ideas D The growth of empirical science
C The application of Enlightenment ideas
Which of the following most likely influenced Fukuzawa's views in the passage? Responses A The Tokugawa Shogunate's policy of limiting contacts between Japan and the rest of the world B The emphasis on peaceful resolution of conflicts in Shinto and Buddhist religious traditions C The forcible "opening up" of Japanese markets to the West, which led to the Meiji Restoration D The suppression of the Taiping Rebellion in China, which resulted in significant loss of life
C The forcible "opening up" of Japanese markets to the West, which led to the Meiji Restoration
In what way did the Haitian Revolution differ from the French Revolution? Responses A The French Revolution was inspired by Enlightenment ideas while the Haitian Revolution was not. B The Haitian Revolution began because of unfair taxation by the French king. C The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution. D The leaders of the French Revolution wanted religious freedom while the leaders of the Haitian Revolution wanted equal representation.
C The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution.
The Meiji Restoration of the nineteenth century involved internal reforms that included which of the following? Responses A The establishment of direct parliamentary rule B The strengthening of the samurai class C The modernization of Japan's military D The abolition of private property rights
C The modernization of Japan's military
The technological processes reflected in the image had the most direct influence on which of the following? Responses A The French Revolution B The beginnings of the decolonization movement C The rise of Japan in the Meiji era D The expansion of the Ottoman Empire
C The rise of Japan in the Meiji era
Judging from the excerpt above, which of the following was the main purpose of Morelos' speech? Responses A To outline a plan for the long-term development of the new Mexican state B To oppose the claims of Mexican Creoles seeking to play a leading role in the new state C To offer a vision of Mexican history that could be used as a basis for nation building D To suggest that the establishment of the Mexican nation-state was proof of the superiority of the Aztecs
C To offer a vision of Mexican history that could be used as a basis for nation building
Which of the following best describes the author's approach in the first paragraph? Responses A Relying on statistical data to determine the true conditions of slavery B Illustrating the damage of slavery by quoting from written slave narratives C Using sarcasm to highlight the weakness of the proslavery arguments D Providing evidence to corroborate the newspapers' position
C Using sarcasm to highlight the weakness of the proslavery arguments
The United States Bill of Rights and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen reflect a shared concern for Responses A physical elimination of the ruling class B confiscation of church property C protection of private property D preservation of the monarchy E establishment of a parliamentary system
C protection of private property
The United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen reflect a shared concern for Responses A physical elimination of the ruling class B confiscation of church property C protection of private property D preservation of the monarchy
C protection of private property
A key issue that historians have debated in explaining the reasons for nineteenth-century slave emancipations involves Responses A the decline of export industries B the powers of African governments C the role of humanitarianism D racist interpretations of the theory of evolution E the spread of Marxism
C the role of humanitarianism
The industrialization of Japan in the nineteenth century most directly led to Japan's adoption of which of the following foreign policies? Responses A A policy of isolation that sought to limit foreign cultural, economic, and political influences B A policy of mediation that sought to prevent conflict among rival states C A policy of promoting regional prosperity through the negotiation of free-trade agreements with Western and Asian states D A policy of imperial expansion that sought to take advantage of the political and military weakness of neighboring Asian states
D A policy of imperial expansion that sought to take advantage of the political and military weakness of neighboring Asian states
Which of the following describes a conclusion about Asia that is best supported by the data in the table? Responses A Although Asia had a smaller number of vessels than Africa had, it had a far larger share of world trade. B Asia's percentage of world trade was only slightly less than that of Latin America, Africa, and Oceania combined. C Asia's total number of sailing vessels was nearly half that of Latin America and Europe. D Although Asia had far fewer vessels than North America had, Asia was responsible for a larger percentage of world trade.
D Although Asia had far fewer vessels than North America had, Asia was responsible for a larger percentage of world trade.
Which of the following best characterizes the economic situation of most Asian states such as China at the end of the nineteenth century? Responses A They had become dependent on imports of natural resources from Western states. B Although their agricultural exports declined, their share of global manufacturing increased. C They became dependent on the maritime commerce of their joint-stock companies. D Although their overall wealth declined, they continued to produce finished goods.
D Although their overall wealth declined, they continued to produce finished goods.
Which of the following groups was Bolívar most trying to influence with this letter? Responses A Mulatto shopkeepers B Plantation slaves C Amerindian miners D Creole elites
D Creole elites
In contrast to initial industrialization, the second Industrial Revolution in the last half of the nineteenth century was particularly associated with the mass production of which of the following? Responses A Textiles, iron, and coal B Textiles, automobiles, and plastics C Airplanes, ships, and radios D Electricity, steel, and chemicals
D Electricity, steel, and chemicals
Which of the following most directly influenced the arguments about social and economic change in Saint-Domingue expressed by Kersaint and Saint-Maurice in the passages? Responses A Mercantilists B Absolutists C Laissez-faire capitalists D Enlightenment thinkers
D Enlightenment thinkers
Which of the following best describes a conclusion about the relationship between steamships and world trade in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table? Responses A North America had roughly twice the share of world trade as Latin America had because it possessed almost twice as many steamships. B Africa and Oceania's share of world trade was nearly equivalent to Latin America's share of world trade because all three regions had roughly the same number of steamships. C The fact that North America had only the third largest share of world trade by region roughly corresponds to its share of the total number of sailing vessels by region. D Europe's dominance in the total number of steamships roughly correlates to its dominance in world trade.
D Europe's dominance in the total number of steamships roughly correlates to its dominance in world trade.
After the abdication of the last Qing emperor in China in 1912, the new republican government adopted a new national flag (the so-called five-races-together-in-harmony flag) in which five stripes represented the five main ethnic groups: the Han Chinese, the Manchus, the Tibetans, the Uighurs, and the Mongols. The adoption of the new flag is an example of which of the following processes? Responses A Governmental efforts of new states to undo the tolerant ethnic and religious policies of their imperial predecessors in order to promote greater uniformity B Governmental efforts of new states to reduce their political and economic dependence on former colonial powers C Efforts by authoritarian governments to mobilize all segments of society for a conflict with foreign powers D Governmental efforts of multinational states to promote a new nationalist identity that would help prevent the emergence of ethnic separatism
D Governmental efforts of multinational states to promote a new nationalist identity that would help prevent the emergence of ethnic separatism
Which of the following was the main factor leading to the fall of Japan's Tokugawa shogunate and the rise of the Meiji government? Responses A Pressure from an increasingly powerful China B Large-scale radical peasant rebellion C Economic instability and hyperinflation D Pressure from Western powers
D Pressure from Western powers
The values of "foreign civilization" that Nagazane criticized in the passage were most directly a product of the Responses A Renaissance B Protestant and Catholic Reformations C Enlightenment D Scientific and Industrial Revolutions
D Scientific and Industrial Revolutions
Which of the following best supports the view of some world historians that the eighteenth century marked a major turning point in world history? Responses A The beginning of European colonization of Africa B The beginning of the Wahhabi movement of Islamic renewal in Arabia C The beginning of European colonization of Australia and New Zealand D The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England
D The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England
Many historians have argued that by the late nineteenth century the industrialized nations of Europe had achieved global economic dominance more through force and coercion than through the superiority of their industrial products. Which of the following nineteenth-century developments would best support this contention? Responses A The growth of industrial production in North America B The growth of South American agricultural exports C The abolition of slavery in the Americas D The decline of the Indian textile industry's share of global manufacturing
D The decline of the Indian textile industry's share of global manufacturing
The development of the factory system most directly explains which of the following characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? Responses A The higher degree of educational achievement among workers B A decline in the diversity of consumer goods C Large increases in the prices of most consumer goods D The greater degree of labor specialization
D The greater degree of labor specialization
The disputes over women's rights alluded to in the letter best reflect which of the following late-nineteenth-century changes in Middle Eastern societies? Responses A The abolition of the veil following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire B The expansion of mass public education for both boys and girls C The growing popular support for parliamentary forms of governance D The spread of intellectual and political debates informed by Enlightenment ideas
D The spread of intellectual and political debates informed by Enlightenment ideas
The second paragraph would most directly support the claim that abolitionists in the late nineteenth century supported their position by Responses A invoking religious ideas of the equality of all humans in the eyes of God B educating the public about the ways in which relying on slave labor led to delayed industrialization C explicitly rejecting Social Darwinist ideas and other racially based arguments for slavery D exposing the discrepancy between the idea of universal human rights and the persistence of slavery
D exposing the discrepancy between the idea of universal human rights and the persistence of slavery
All of the following contributed to the rise of industrialization in western Europe and North America during the nineteenth century EXCEPT Responses A geographic distribution of coal and iron B legal protection of private property C improved agricultural productivity D increased rights for laborers
D increased rights for laborers
In the nineteenth century, the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires were two examples of Responses A nationalistic empires B republican empires C colonial empires D multinational empires E nation-states
D multinational empires
Rebellious ethnic minorities in the Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian Empires during the late nineteenth century were motivated primarily by Responses A communism B anarchism C syndicalism D nationalism E nihilism
D nationalism
The "second Industrial Revolution" in the last half of the nineteenth century was associated with the mass production of which of the following groups of products? Responses A Textiles, iron, and coal B Textiles, automobiles, and plastics C Airplanes, ships, and radios D Electricity, automobiles, and airplanes E Electricity, steel, and chemicals
E Electricity, steel, and chemicals
Which of the following is true of both Russia and Japan by 1914 ? Responses A Both were characterized by a high degree of ethnic homogeneity. B Both had effective democratic institutions that restrained the power of their monarchs. C Both had low rates of literacy. D Marxism had become a strong influence among urban workers in both countries. E Rapid, state-sponsored industrialized had occurred in both countries.
E Rapid, state-sponsored industrialized had occurred in both countries.
Which of the following developments in the Western Hemisphere most directly resulted from the French Revolution? Responses A The expansion of the slave trade in the Americas B The extension of the plantation economy in the Caribbean C The colonization of Brazil D The British conquest of Quebec E The creation of the first independent Black republic in the Americas
E The creation of the first independent Black republic in the Americas
The policies of the Meiji reformers brought about which of the following in Japan? Responses A An improvement in the economic condition of the peasants B The collapse of the industrial sector of the economy C An increase in isolationism among government leaders D A reduction in military expenditures E The promotion of rapid industrialization
E The promotion of rapid industrialization
The Australian catalog page of 1929 shown above shows women primarily as Responses A mothers B executives C patriots D participants in competitive sports E consumers in a world economy
E consumers in a world economy
