ap world unit 6
Which of the following best describes the excerpt above? Responses A A liberal nationalist response to colonialism B A Marxist-influenced call to revolution C An appeal to European imperial powers to end the slave trade D A rejection of traditional religious practice as a means of industrialization
A A liberal nationalist response to colonialism
Between 1750 and 1900, which of the following industrializing states created an empire? Responses A Japan B China C Brazil D Argentina
A Japan
Which of the following best explains the changes in the population of the Hawaiian Islands from 1872 to 1878 ? Responses A The increased presence of Asian indentured servants on Hawaiian plantations B The growth of tourism as a result of technological advances in transportation C The urbanization of Hawaii as a result of industrialization D The development of racial exclusion policies in European settler colonies
A The increased presence of Asian indentured servants on Hawaiian plantations
The changing relationship between Portugal and Brazil described in the passage can best be understood in the context of which of the following developments after 1750 ? Responses A The onset of Latin American independence movements B The emergence of the Industrial Revolution in Brazil C The expansion of the Portuguese Empire in Central America D The decline of nationalism in Brazil as a popular ideology
A The onset of Latin American independence movements
In the passage above, Lin Zexu is asking that the British do which of the following? Responses A Provide treatment for opium addicts in China B Ban the sale of opium by British merchants in China C Prevent all foreign trade from entering China D End the concessions made to Britain during the Opium Wars
B Ban the sale of opium by British merchants in China
As illustrated by the passage, which of the following best explains the persistence of slavery in some parts of the Americas into the late nineteenth century? Responses A Urban middle-class families increasingly relied on the labor of slaves as more women joined the workforce. B Cash-crop plantation agriculture remained an important part of some nations' economies. C Constitutions in the Americas continued to expressly deny citizens the legal rights that had long been established in Europe. D Railroads, steamships, and other technologies greatly facilitated new migration to the Americas.
B Cash-crop plantation agriculture remained an important part of some nations' economies.
Which of the following resulted from Europe's expansion overseas in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? Responses A Europe's population size and industrial productivity declined. B European countries acquired colonies and dominated world trade. C The number of workers needed for European factories declined. D Mechanized agriculture spread worldwide.
B European countries acquired colonies and dominated world trade.
The sentiments expressed in the quotation above are most supportive of which of the following concepts? Responses A Nationalism B Imperialism C Liberalism D Marxism
B Imperialism
The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1800 to 1900 C.E. best illustrate the impact of Responses A the Atlantic revolutions B the Industrial Revolution C he abolition of slavery D improvements in urban policing and public safety
B the Industrial Revolution
Italian and German imperial presence in Africa were similar in that both countries Responses A saw African colonies as secondary to their interests in Asia B were newly unified nations that began colonizing later than other European powers C primarily used their colonies in Africa to spread Christianity D invested heavily in African infrastructure and economic development
B were newly unified nations that began colonizing later than other European powers
The trade described in the passage is best seen as an early example of which of the following? Responses A The economic decline of Asian states resulting from the importation of cheap consumer goods from Europe B The growing economic influence of European immigrants in China C The declining political power of European joint-stock companies in Asia because of states assuming direct imperial control D The use of economic imperialism by European merchants and states
D The use of economic imperialism by European merchants and states
As described in the passage, Anna da Trindade's life differed from the typical experience of newly arrived slaves in colonial Latin America in that she was Responses A transported to Brazil B baptized as a Christian C born in Africa D able to purchase her freedom
D able to purchase her freedom
Which of the following occurred in nineteenth-century Africa as a result of the end of the transatlantic slave trade? Responses A An increased use of slave labor within Africa B The collapse of traditional religions C The spread of factory industry D A decrease in diamond production E The rise of political democracy
A An increased use of slave labor within Africa
The commodities listed by Stanley in the second paragraph can best be understood in the context of Responses A Europeans' need for resources to be used in industrial production B raw materials that could be used in African manufacturing centers C crops that could be cultivated on plantations and industrial farms by European settlers D products that would be most suited for export to the Mississippi region of North America
A Europeans' need for resources to be used in industrial production
Which of the following was the most significant change in Latin American labor systems between the time the document was produced and 1900 ? Responses A Slavery was abolished in all Latin American countries. B Many Latin American countries industrialized. C Indentured servitude became the main source of labor in most Latin American countries. D Most Latin American countries passed laws limiting the labor of women and children.
A Slavery was abolished in all Latin American countries.
Which of the following scientific concepts had the greatest role in providing a justification for imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? Responses A Louis Pasteur's germ theory of disease B Charles Darwin's theory of evolution C Albert Einstein's theory of relativity D Marie Curie's theory of radioactivity
B Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
Which of the following pieces of data from the table most directly contradicts the claims of European imperial powers that colonies existed for the benefit of the colonized? Responses A Colonized peoples were expected to pay taxes to support the colonial government. B Expenditures on administrative salaries were far greater than what was spent on public works and infrastructure. C The colonial government received income from the postal system and from telegraph services. D A significant portion of the colonial budget was provided by the French government.
B Expenditures on administrative salaries were far greater than what was spent on public works and infrastructure.
The developments depicted in Map 2 most directly emerged from which of the following developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? Responses A European economic imperialism in Qing China B Government-sponsored industrialization as part of the Meiji reforms C American and European influence over Tokugawa Japan D Increasing questions about political authority and growing nationalism
B Government-sponsored industrialization as part of the Meiji reforms
Which of the following was among the first results of the European Industrial Revolution in other parts of the world? Responses A The beginning of the transatlantic slave trade B Increased demand for commodities such as cotton and palm oil C The search for oil in Africa, Asia, and Latin America D Construction of textile factories in Africa and Asia E The partition of Africa by European imperial powers
B Increased demand for commodities such as cotton and palm oil
The table indicates that Indian labor migration to Trinidad in the mid- to late nineteenth century shared which of the following patterns with global migration processes in the same period? Responses A Both Indian migration to Trinidad and global migration in general involved mostly coerced or semicoerced labor. B Both Indian migration to Trinidad and global migration in general resulted in migrants establishing ethnic enclaves in increasingly cosmopolitan cities. C Both Indian migration to Trinidad and global migration in general involved migrants who were mostly male. D Both Indian migration to Trinidad and global migration in general resulted in receiving societies' governments passing discriminatory anti-immigrant legislation.
C Both Indian migration to Trinidad and global migration in general involved migrants who were mostly male.
Based on the passage, the author would most likely have agreed with which of the following statements? Responses A Britain's founding of Australia followed God's command to convert non-Whites. B All peoples of the world have the right to determine their own government. C Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa. D Nations go to war with each other mainly to gain precious metals.
C Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa.
Which of the following facilitated the creation of European empires in Africa during the late nineteenth century? Responses A Africans' unified resistance to European intervention B Europeans' desire to develop industry in Africa C Europeans' use of both warfare and diplomacy D Africans' widespread acceptance of European laws
C Europeans' use of both warfare and diplomacy
During the nineteenth century, which of the following engaged in a territorial expansion most similar to the one depicted in Map 1 ? Responses A Qajar Iran B The Ottoman Empire C The United States D The Holy Roman Empire
C The United States
Which of the following processes in the nineteenth century most directly created the economic needs filled by Indian indentured servants in the Caribbean? Responses A The growth of Great Britain's textile manufacturing sector as part of the first Industrial Revolution B The shift from East India Company rule to direct British imperial rule in India C The abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and of slavery in British colonies D The success of the Latin American revolutions in establishing independent republics in former Spanish American colonies
C The abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and of slavery in British colonies
In its description of the condition of the Crimean Tatars, the second paragraph most directly provides evidence of the influence of which of the following? Responses A Laissez-faire liberalism B The ideology of nationalism C The concept of the civilizing mission D The racial theory of Social Darwinism
C The concept of the civilizing mission
Which of the following best describes the artist's likely purpose in painting this particular subject? Responses A To advocate for violent rebellion against British colonial authorities B To demonstrate the racial oppression suffered by free people of color in the West Indies C To argue for the respectability of free people of color D To call for greater emigration by Europeans to the West Indies
C To argue for the respectability of free people of color
The second paragraph best provides information about the way in which states in the nineteenth century Responses A used Enlightenment ideas to justify their attempts to convert conquered populations to Christianity B attempted to consolidate their conquests by enrolling local populations into imperial service C justified territorial expansion by claiming that they were bringing progress to conquered regions D facilitated cultural exchange between different religious groups to conquer neighboring states
C justified territorial expansion by claiming that they were bringing progress to conquered regions
Rivett-Carnac's point of view is directly relevant in understanding all of the following features of the report EXCEPT Responses A the fact that the report expresses hope that the railroad will allow more cotton to be exported out of Berar province B the fact that the report claims that the railroad will have the effect of more labor being available for cotton cultivation C the fact that the report states the railroad would lead to a reduction in the area of Berar covered by jungle D the fact that the report envisions that the railroad will be used to import British textiles that would undersell Indian-made cloth
C the fact that the report states the railroad would lead to a reduction in the area of Berar covered by jungle
The revenues section of the table can best be used to illustrate which of the following continuities between pre-1900 and post-1900 European imperialism? Responses A Competition between European colonial powers encouraged imperial expansion. B Some African peoples successfully resisted colonial economic exploitation. C Colonial powers directly subsidized most of the expenditures needed to maintain their colonies. D Colonial powers sought to extract wealth and economic resources from the colonized peoples.
D Colonial powers sought to extract wealth and economic resources from the colonized peoples.
The division of islands such as Borneo, New Guinea, and Timor on both maps best reflects which of the following? Responses A Borders established by early Southeast Asian kingdoms and empires B Natural physical boundaries such as rivers and mountains C Significant linguistic, ethnic, or cultural divisions between the inhabitants D Conquest by and competition between colonial empires
D Conquest by and competition between colonial empires
The photograph best illustrates which of the following aspects of European colonial policies in nineteenth-century Africa? Responses A European states attempting to encourage colonial populations to emigrate B European states attempting to spread Christianity among colonial populations C European states imposing democratic systems of government in order to prepare colonial populations for self-rule D European states imposing their culture in an attempt to spread their values among colonial populations
D European states imposing their culture in an attempt to spread their values among colonial populations
The disputes over women's social status alluded to in the letter best reflect which of the following late nineteenth-century changes in Middle Eastern societies? Responses A The abolition of the veil following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire B The expansion of mass public education for both boys and girls C The growing popular support for parliamentary forms of governance D The spread of intellectual and political ideals that advocated for natural rights
D The spread of intellectual and political ideals that advocated for natural rights
Which of the following describes the major impact of the introduction of coffee growing in places like Kenya and El Salvador after 1880 ? Responses A The end of taxes paid to the government in cash B The weakening of the European colonial military and landowning elite C Access to cheaper food for Africans and Latin Americans D Increased control over the land by Africans and Latin Americans E Greater dependence on foreign markets by Africans and Latin Americans
E Greater dependence on foreign markets by Africans and Latin Americans
In the late 1800s, attitudes such as the one expressed in the passage had contributed most directly to which of the following? Responses A European states' competition to acquire overseas colonies B The abolitionist movement to end slavery C The creation of industrialized economies in Europe D Efforts by European missionaries to convert non-Europeans to Christianity for their spiritual salvation
A European states' competition to acquire overseas colonies
Which of the following best explains why spices, such as cloves, became a LESS important component of colonial trade during the nineteenth century? Responses A Industrialization increased the demand for manufactured goods relative to the demand for spices. B European states developed military and medical technologies that enabled them to establish direct colonial control over most interior regions of Africa. C Some European states encouraged the migration of large numbers of their citizens overseas, leading to the establishment of settler colonies. D The emergence of anticolonial movements that used civil disobedience to achieve their goals made many traditional colonial products virtually impossible to produce on a large scale.
A Industrialization increased the demand for manufactured goods relative to the demand for spices.
Which of the following processes most directly contributed to the tensions in Fiji described in the first paragraph? Responses A Migrant groups often created relatively isolated ethnic enclaves, while receiving societies responded to them through ethnic prejudice. B Violence between cultural groups led to acts of genocide perpetrated by authoritarian military governments. C European colonial settlers destroyed indigenous populations and their cultures, replacing them with migrant groups. D Indigenous and migrant elites cooperated to overthrow European colonialism and secure independence.
A Migrant groups often created relatively isolated ethnic enclaves, while receiving societies responded to them through ethnic prejudice.
Darwin's theories were interpreted by Social Darwinists to indicate that Responses A select human groups would dominate those less fit B European countries were more nationalistic C non-White groups were better adapted to tropical climates D imperialism went against the theory of natural selection E education would lead to equality
A select human groups would dominate those less fit
Which of the following likely contributed the most to the population changes shown in the table for Latin American states such as Argentina and Brazil in the period 1800-1900 ? Responses A Increased economic production resulting from slave labor B Large increases in immigration from Europe C Higher birth rates resulting from the development of antibiotics D More equitable land distribution policies following independence from Spain
B Large increases in immigration from Europe
On a global scale, the gender makeup of the migrants referred to in the second paragraph best helps to explain which of the following social changes in home societies in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? Responses A Dramatic population increases leading to the adoption of new government policies to limit the birth of children B Women taking on new roles that had been formerly occupied by men C A greater reliance on children performing indentured labor D An increase in workers joining labor unions to demand higher wages
B Women taking on new roles that had been formerly occupied by men
Social Darwinism was used to justify which of the following during the nineteenth century? Responses A Latin American independence movements B Domestic reforms in Meiji Japan C British colonization of India D Russian utilization of coerced peasant labor
C British colonization of India
Which of the following events would have been most likely to produce a cultural context similar to the one depicted in the image? Responses A The spread of Marxist ideas B The Taiping Rebellion in China C The scramble for Africa D The unification of Germany
C The scramble for Africa
A historian researching the effects of Christian missionaries' activities on local social structures in late-nineteenth-century Africa would probably find which of the following sources most useful? Responses A African accounts of converting to Christianity B Fundraising speeches given in Europe by supporters of missionary efforts C Data on the number of missionaries going to Africa D Recruitment advertisements for missionaries in church newsletters in Europe
A African accounts of converting to Christianity
Which of the following is a similarity between European and Asian immigrants to the Americas during the nineteenth century? Responses A Both were attracted by employment opportunities. B Both rejected the cultural traditions of their homelands. C Both were mostly from the upper and middle classes. D Both were exclusively from minority communities in their home countries.
A Both were attracted by employment opportunities.
The trade patterns shown on the map above depict Responses A British imports of raw cotton and exports of finished cotton in the 1850s B major slave trading routes in the nineteenth century C alternate trade routes that developed as a result of the disruption caused by the Napoleonic Wars D routes that developed in response to the building of railroads in North America E illicit drug routes that developed in the second half of the twentieth century
A British imports of raw cotton and exports of finished cotton in the 1850s
"Extraterritoriality" can best be described as which of the following? Responses A Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live B Expansion of a country's international borders to natural boundaries C Extension of dual citizenship to immigrants D Acquisition of new colonies or territories E Establishment of a government in exile
A Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live
Which of the following historical developments in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century would have been most likely to undermine the author's vision of Nigerian society as expressed in Source 1 ? Responses A Greater global integration resulted in the spread of ideas based on social equality. B An increase in African migration to European cities disrupted traditional African social structures. C The outbreak of the First World War led to the spread of Christianity across Africa. D The spread of communist ideas weakened the appeal of religion.
A Greater global integration resulted in the spread of ideas based on social equality.
The quotation above by an early-twentieth-century Chinese revolutionary illustrates the influence of Responses A Social Darwinism B communism C National Socialism D anarchism
A Social Darwinism
Based on the passage, it can be inferred that in the late nineteenth century international relations were increasingly perceived as being governed by Responses A Social Darwinism and international power politics B the Enlightenment and theories of natural rights C traditional or religious morality D socialism and the concept of international workers' solidarity
A Social Darwinism and international power politics
The declaration can best be understood as a rejection of which of the following ideals? Responses A The belief that some groups of people are inherently superior to others B The belief that all cultures have intrinsic value C The belief that race is a social construction D The belief that the concept of race has had a major impact on human interactions
A The belief that some groups of people are inherently superior to others
The spread of the liberal ideas discussed in the passage was most directly a result of which of the following? Responses A The influence of European political and educational institutions facilitated by British imperial policies in India B The revival of traditional Hindu social structures as a reaction against British influence in India C The example of American revolutions influenced by Enlightenment principles D The return of overseas migrants from plantations in the Pacific and Caribbean
A The influence of European political and educational institutions facilitated by British imperial policies in India
The photograph best illustrates which aspect of population movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? Responses A They often involved the spread of cultural traditions into new locations. B They were often undertaken to displace labor force lost to war or disease. C They often resulted in the decline or disappearance of native religious traditions. D They often caused intercommunal violence.
A They often involved the spread of cultural traditions into new locations.
Ethiopia's cultural traditions reflected in the painting had which of the following effects on Ethiopia's interactions with European colonial empires in the late nineteenth century? Responses A They provided Ethiopians with an additional rationale for resisting European encroachment. B They created an opportunity for Ethiopia to participate in the European alliance system. C They strengthened Social Darwinist claims that Ethiopians were inferior to Europeans. D They contributed to the isolation of Ethiopia from the emerging global labor network.
A They provided Ethiopians with an additional rationale for resisting European encroachment.
Martini's argument in the second paragraph most clearly refers to the late-nineteenth-century belief that imperialism was a useful way to Responses A relieve overcrowding and land shortages in European countries B secure raw materials for European factories C promote scientific and technological progress D "civilize" native populations through social change
A relieve overcrowding and land shortages in European countries
The arguments expressed in the passage are significant because they help explain why Responses A social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule B syncretic religious movements frequently emerged from cultural differences in colonial societies C nationalist movements against imperial rule often sought to bridge ethnic and religious differences by appealing to popular Enlightenment ideals D settler colonies frequently exacerbated differences between religious groups in colonial societies
A social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule
Which of the following most accurately describes the interactions between China and Europe in the nineteenth century? Responses A China became isolated politically in part because of its suppression of pro-Western Chinese dissidents. B China effectively lost its economic independence to Europe as a result of military losses to European forces. C China became a major exporter of manufactured goods to Europe. D China and Europe were forced into an uneasy alliance to reverse Japanese imperial expansion in northern China.
B China effectively lost its economic independence to Europe as a result of military losses to European forces.
The founding of "the Australian nation," as alluded to in the passage, was part of which of the following processes? Responses A The creation of mercantilist empires to extract natural resources B European states' establishment of settler colonies C European companies' establishment of overseas trading posts D Japan's creation of its own empire in Asia
B European states' establishment of settler colonies
Which of the following statements is true of global migration patterns during the nineteenth century? Responses A Most migrants rejected their culture in favor of total assimilation. B Migrants increasingly relocated from rural areas to cities. C Most migrants traveled seasonally as agricultural laborers. D Migrants were primarily women seeking employment as factory workers.
B Migrants increasingly relocated from rural areas to cities.
The rapid expansion of European empires in Africa in the late nineteenth century is best explained in the context of which of the following? Responses A Economic competition between European states fostering the creation of transnational business that sought to exchange raw materials from Europe for finished goods from colonies B Political rivalries between European states encouraging diplomatic agreements that reserved colonies for European powers C Rapid population increases in European colonies in Asia encouraging European states to create new colonies for migrants to settle D Revolutions in Europe leading European states to seek troops from colonial populations
B Political rivalries between European states encouraging diplomatic agreements that reserved colonies for European powers
Which of the following developments in the late 1800s and early 1900s most directly challenges the author's argument regarding the role of Japan in Asia? Responses A Japanese imperial expansion into Asian territories such as Taiwan and Korea B Resistance to modernization by traditional Japanese elites C Meiji Japan's success in developing an industrial economy D The adoption of a parliamentary political system
B Resistance to modernization by traditional Japanese elites
The ability of the French colonial government in Algeria to establish schools for the native Algerian population can best be seen as part of which of the following broader developments in European colonialism in the late nineteenth century? Responses A Some European states established trading-post empires. B Some European states strengthened their control over their existing colonies. C Some European states faced native resistance to their colonization efforts. D Some European states used Social Darwinism to justify their military subjugation of colonial peoples.
B Some European states strengthened their control over their existing colonies.
During the nineteenth century, which of the following most directly motivated the major expansion of imperial territories in Southeast Asia as shown in Map 1 ? Responses A The influence of Christian missionary groups B The desire to extract resources and raw materials C Profits from the global trade in spices and textiles D Threats by Asian states to European transoceanic trade
B The desire to extract resources and raw materials
Late-nineteenth-century transoceanic labor migrations were most directly facilitated by which of the following developments? Responses A The restructuring of traditional social hierarchies B The development of new, more affordable methods of transportation C The growing popularity of free-trade economic policies D The emergence of transnational businesses
B The development of new, more affordable methods of transportation
Which of the following developments facilitated the family situation portrayed in Brandes' sketch? Responses A The recruitment of new bureaucratic elites by Muslim states in Southeast Asia B The expansion of European colonial empires in Southeast Asia C The changes in family demographic structure resulting from the trans-Atlantic slave trade D The creation of new gender hierarchies in emerging maritime empires
B The expansion of European colonial empires in Southeast Asia
Which of the following best characterizes Western imperialist expansion in the late nineteenth century? Responses A Western fears of the spread of Japanese influence B Western investment to create self-sufficient economies in the new colonies C An unprecedented amount of territory colonized in a short period of time D The establishment of political institutions to resolve ethnic and religious conflicts within colonies E The decline of British and United States influence in international affairs
C An unprecedented amount of territory colonized in a short period of time
A historian researching factors that contributed to the rise of industrial production in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would find which of the following types of sources most helpful? Responses A Records of labor and trade union meetings B A tally of political speeches in favor of versus those opposed to colonial expansion C Data on migration of rural populations to urban areas D Data on prices of luxury goods
C Data on migration of rural populations to urban areas
The author's statement that descendants of Italian emigrants "ended up forgetting the language of their fathers and forefathers" most directly refers to which of the following aspects of nineteenth-century migration? Responses A Some receiving societies attempted to limit the flow of immigrants. B Some colonial states applied theories of Social Darwinism to establish racial preferences. C Immigrants often adopted the dominant culture of the state in receiving societies. D Immigrants often maintained some aspects of their religion within ethnic enclaves.
C Immigrants often adopted the dominant culture of the state in receiving societies.
Which of the following best accounts for the circumstances of Indian workers alluded to in Poem 1 ? Responses A The increasing migration of Indian laborers to industrialized urban areas B The cultural divisions between Indian Muslim migrants and Indian Hindu migrants C The coerced migration of Indian indentured servants D The pattern of many Indian migrants returning to their homeland after their contracts ended
C The coerced migration of Indian indentured servants
The two passages best represent which of the following justifications for European imperialism? Responses A The idea that the colonies would provide opportunities for the settlement of European farmers B The nationalist competition among European states over colonial territory C The concept of the European mission to civilize colonized peoples D The acquisition of new markets and territories
C The concept of the European mission to civilize colonized peoples
A historian interpreting the policies advocated for in the passage would most likely argue that they are best explained in the context of which of the following? Responses A The decreasing importance of mercantilist policies in the development of the global economy B The importance of raw materials to the development of industrial economies C The growing importance of Social Darwinist ideology in the development of imperial economies D The importance of access to coerced labor in the development of industrial economies
C The growing importance of Social Darwinist ideology in the development of imperial economies
Which of the following groups in late-nineteenth-century Egypt would have been most likely to support the author's view in the third paragraph about the status of women in "modern civilization" ? Responses A Muslim religious scholars B Rural peasants C The urban middle class D The landed aristocracy
C The urban middle class
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Social Darwinists made which of the following arguments? Responses A All people should be treated equally. B Human evolution had reached the point where competition was no longer necessary. C Theories of natural selection could be applied to nations, races, and social classes. D Interracial marriage should be encouraged.
C Theories of natural selection could be applied to nations, races, and social classes.
The author's political point of view can be most clearly seen in the way in which the passage Responses A neglects to mention that South Asian migrants were a key source of labor for Western transnational corporations B disparages the development of contemporary Hinduism C omits any mention of the economic exploitation and resource extraction practiced by the British in India D attributes historical events to divine intervention
C omits any mention of the economic exploitation and resource extraction practiced by the British in India
Which of the following best summarizes the two plans for improving nutrition in Britain's colonies? Responses A Both sources emphasize the need to expand economic production in the colonies. B Both sources emphasize the need to educate farmers in order to improve agricultural practices. C Both sources emphasize the need to respect traditional African economic practices and gender norms. D Both sources emphasize the need to enlist the cooperation of Africans in implementing colonial policies.
D Both sources emphasize the need to enlist the cooperation of Africans in implementing colonial policies.
Which of the following best describes the author's main argument in the passage? Responses A European imperialism in the nineteenth century can be explained exclusively through economic factors. B The economic explanation of the rise of empires in Africa is incorrect. C The economic explanation for the rise and fall of empires is more useful in studying African history than it is for studying other world regions. D Economic motives explain much of the motivation for imperial expansion in Africa but cannot be entirely separated from other motives.
D Economic motives explain much of the motivation for imperial expansion in Africa but cannot be entirely separated from other motives.
The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primarily explained in the context of which of the following global developments? Responses A European states using their control over maritime trade routes to impoverish non-European societies B European states using joint-stock companies to expand their economic and political dominance over non-European societies C European states taking advantage of religious conflicts in non-European societies to expand their influence D European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power
D European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power
Long-distance immigration to the Americas in the late nineteenth century most often contributed to which of the following processes? Responses A The worsening of gender imbalances in receiving societies, as the great majority of migrants were men B Restrictions on migrants performing industrial labor in factories in the receiving societies C Reverse migration, whereby most migrants returned to their countries of origin after becoming financially secure D Growing rates of urbanization as migrants predominantly settled in cities in the receiving societies
D Growing rates of urbanization as migrants predominantly settled in cities in the receiving societies
The photo above, showing skin-tone evaluation performed on an Indonesian inmate in a Dutch colonial prison in 1933, most clearly exemplifies which of the following? Responses A Improvements in medical care B Restrictions of educational opportunities for colonial subjects C Local resistance to colonial rule D Influence of scientific theories on race
D Influence of scientific theories on race
Which of the following was a major unintended effect of the publication of Charles Darwin's 1859 work On the Origin of Species? Responses A It became the basis for scientific research of human development. B It provided a scientific explanation of the evolution of animals and plants. C It became the basis for all subsequent scientific research on species extinction. D It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.
D It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.
Pearson's argument in the passage is most clearly representative of which of the following ideologies? Responses A Free-market capitalism B Marxism C Mercantilism D Social Darwinism
D Social Darwinism
In the late nineteenth century, European involvement in both Africa and China was characterized primarily by Responses A the encouragement of slavery B extensive intermarriage with local peoples C small military enclaves along coastlines D competition among imperialist powers
D competition among imperialist powers
Which of the following countries or regions led the world in the production of cotton cloth in 1700? Responses A China B Egypt C West Africa D England E India
E India
In the late nineteenth century, European imperialism in both Africa and China was characterized by Responses A widespread trade in opium B the encouragement of slavery C extensive conquest of territory D small military enclaves along coastlines E competition among imperialist powers
E competition among imperialist powers
The trade patterns shown on the map above depict Responses A British imports of raw materials and exports of finished goods during the nineteenth century B major slave trading routes in the nineteenth century C British trade routes that developed as a result of the disruption caused by the First World War D illicit drug routes that developed in the second half of the twentieth century
A British imports of raw materials and exports of finished goods during the nineteenth century
The letter's reference in the third paragraph to the claims of "our doctors and scientists" is best understood in the context of which of the following late nineteenth-century processes? Responses A Physical differences between genders and racial groups were used to justify the denial of rights to women and non-Europeans. B The achievements of medieval Muslim science became known in the West, stimulating new interest in biology and medicine. C Bourgeois ideas of cultural and literary refinement became prevalent in many parts of the world. D The scientific method stressing experimentation and the collection of empirical evidence was discovered and first used.
A Physical differences between genders and racial groups were used to justify the denial of rights to women and non-Europeans.
The artist's perspective on the subject of the painting was most likely influenced by which of the following? Responses A The Enlightenment B Nationalism C Social Darwinism D The Haitian Revolution
A The Enlightenment
An increase in the number of overseas investment opportunities such as those shown in the table in the nineteenth century most strongly contributed to which of the following processes? Responses A Global migration to metropoles from Asia and Africa, as Western businesses recruited financial experts B Economic imperialism in Asia and Latin America, as Western individuals and businesses pressured their governments to protect their investments C An expansion of artisan manufacturing in Latin America and Africa, as traditional local businesses were revived through Western investment D A broad improvement in living standards in Western societies, as the working classes were able to afford foreign luxury goods
B Economic imperialism in Asia and Latin America, as Western individuals and businesses pressured their governments to protect their investments
Which of the following was the most direct political consequence of Japan's attempts to sustain the economic trend shown in the table for the period 1930-1938 ? Responses A Japan expanded the voting franchise to the middle class and women. B Japan engaged in imperial expansion to acquire access to raw materials. C Japan passed a constitution that limited the authority of the emperor and thereby increased the power of commercial interests in parliament. D Japan supported League of Nations resolutions that called upon Western powers to grant independence to their colonies.
B Japan engaged in imperial expansion to acquire access to raw materials.
On a global scale, the implementation of the types of policies that Rivett-Carnac advocated for in the passage is most significant in that it directly led to the Responses A dramatic increase of migrants from colonial societies to imperial metropoles B growth of nationalist movements in colonial societies against imperial rule C increased influence of laissez-faire economic philosophies among nationalist leaders in colonial societies D growth of labor union membership among colonial populations
B growth of nationalist movements in colonial societies against imperial rule
Based on the third paragraph, Stanley's vision of the future of the Congo River basin can best be seen as part of which of the following late-nineteenth-century developments? Responses A Settler imperialism B The view of imperialism as the "White Man's Burden" C Economic imperialism D The belief that imperialism should be spearheaded by religious missionaries
C Economic imperialism
Which of the following facilitated European expansion in Asia in the nineteenth century? Responses A The popularity of democratic values among Asians B A general easing of tensions and cooperative expeditions among European powers C Europe's development of new military technologies D Asians' lack of resistance to European diseases E Europe's ability to send numerically superior armies to Asia
C Europe's development of new military technologies
Césaire's statement above was most likely made in response to Responses A the growing superpower influence in Africa and Asia during the Cold War B the success of the Indian independence movement C European colonizers' claim that their rule had improved life in the colonies D leaders of the decolonization movement arguing for the adoption of parliamentary democracy after achieving independence
C European colonizers' claim that their rule had improved life in the colonies
Which of the following best explains all of the migration movements shown on the map above? Responses A Large labor surpluses in India and China, due to the success of British and Qing agricultural reforms B The end of the slave trade in the Americas and the intensification of European colonial expansion in Africa C Labor shortages in plantation agriculture, the mineral extraction industry, and transportation projects D The end of revolutions in the Americas and the establishment of the American republics
C Labor shortages in plantation agriculture, the mineral extraction industry, and transportation projects
Which of the following best describes the likely purpose of the photograph? Responses A To document the changes in Polynesian political hierarchies and gender roles brought about by imperialism B To illustrate the photographer's belief that Tahitians were racially inferior to Europeans C To record the rapidly vanishing customs and institutions of native Polynesians D To reassure the French public of the civilizing effects of colonial rule and the loyalty of colonial populations
D To reassure the French public of the civilizing effects of colonial rule and the loyalty of colonial populations
A historian researching international migration patterns of the nineteenth century would find which of the following sources most useful? Responses A Census records from New York and Buenos Aires detailing the birthplaces of individuals B The diary of a German coal miner who emigrated to Canada C Letters from an East Asian migrant to the Caribbean to his family back home D A British factory's invoices and its shipping and tax records
A Census records from New York and Buenos Aires detailing the birthplaces of individuals
The photograph best supports which of the following inferences about French colonial rule in Tahiti in the 1880? Responses A Colonial authorities attempted to impart a sense of French national identity to native Tahitians. B Tahiti provided France with valuable sources of raw materials as well as with markets for French manufactured goods. C The spread of Enlightenment ideas and anticolonial movements led many Tahitians to demand independence from France. D French control of Tahiti was under threat from expanding rival colonial empires in the Pacific, such as Great Britain, Japan, and the United States.
A Colonial authorities attempted to impart a sense of French national identity to native Tahitians.
The numbers in Column B are most likely a reflection of which trend that affected many migrants in the late nineteenth century? Responses A Migrants often lacked opportunities for economic and social advancement as a result of anti-immigrant prejudice and racism in the receiving societies. B Migrants were often able to maintain cultural and religious connections to their home country through letters and newspapers. C Migrants often wanted to assimilate quickly into the dominant linguistic and cultural environment of their receiving societies. D Migrants often returned, either periodically or permanently, to their home societies after saving enough money to start a new life there.
A Migrants often lacked opportunities for economic and social advancement as a result of anti-immigrant prejudice and racism in the receiving societies.
In the late nineteenth century, which of the following would most motivate the Dutch to continue to expand their presence in Indonesia? Responses A The acquisition of natural resources for manufacturing B The growing competition with Spanish and Portuguese colonial empires C The example of Japanese modernization during the Meiji Restoration D The emergence of nationalism in Indonesia
A The acquisition of natural resources for manufacturing
Which of the following nineteenth-century processes most directly contributed to the migration of Indian laborers to Fiji as described in the passage? Responses A Indian merchants acted as brokers and middlemen for European East India companies. B Colonial states in Asia and the Pacific relied on coerced labor to work on plantations. C Prior to the abolition of the slave trade, Indian slaves were exported to the islands in the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. D Indo-Muslim traders spread Islam to the islands of Southeast Asia.
B Colonial states in Asia and the Pacific relied on coerced labor to work on plantations.
In the Japanese print above of the war between China and Japan (1894-1895), the artist suggests that the Responses A Chinese were brave and honorable opponents B Japanese fought by using time-honored samurai tactics and weapons C Japanese showed their mastery of Western technology, dress and military bearing D Chinese actively sought foreign help against the Japanese
C Japanese showed their mastery of Western technology, dress and military bearing
In the mid-twentieth century, the presence of Chinese and Japanese populations in North America and of South Asian populations in the Caribbean and South Africa is best explained by which of the following? Responses A Trade networks of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries B European and United States imperial conquests of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries C Labor migrations during the nineteenth century D Refugees fleeing warfare and repressive regimes during the twentieth century
C Labor migrations during the nineteenth century
A historian analyzing the lecture would most likely argue that the audience of Chakravarti's lecture is significant because it shows the most direct contrast with which of the following developments in the nineteenth century? Responses A Religious differences in colonial societies often led to communal violence. B Imperial states often granted preference to religious groups that they felt were less of a threat to their power. C Religious movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule. D Imperial governments often consulted local religious leaders before issuing important decrees.
C Religious movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule.
In Poem 1, the sentiments regarding education and politics are best understood in the context of which of the following? Responses A The persistence of slavery in spite of the abolitionist movement in the British Empire B The growth of women's movements pushing for greater education and domestic rights C The British failure to provide mass education in India, for fear that doing so would encourage resistance against imperial rule D The revival of traditional Hindu and Muslim religious beliefs in India
C The British failure to provide mass education in India, for fear that doing so would encourage resistance against imperial rule
Based on an analysis of the Japanese currency used during the Meiji period (1868—1912) shown above, which of the following is the primary message conveyed by the engraving? Responses A The Japanese government considered its geographical proximity to China to be of primary importance. B The Japanese government focused its expansionist policy on Australia and New Zealand. C The Japanese government saw itself as a major Pacific power. D The Japanese government was eager to develop trade ties with the United States.
C The Japanese government saw itself as a major Pacific power.
Stanley's description of the riches of the Congo in the first two paragraphs can best be seen as an attempt to Responses A place European expansion in the Congo in the context of earlier imperial ventures that had ended in disaster for the native population of the colonized country B place European expansion in the Congo in the context of other instances in which inter-European rivalries had prevented the successful economic exploitation of colonial territories C place European expansion in the Congo in the context of other imperial ventures that had seemed difficult at first but have subsequently turned out to be highly valuable D place European expansion in the Congo in the context of other instances in which British imperial policies had been proven to be more successful than the policies of other European countries
C place European expansion in the Congo in the context of other imperial ventures that had seemed difficult at first but have subsequently turned out to be highly valuable