AP2 Quiz 5 Review (Ch.24 Urinary Sytem)

In which direction do fluids and solutes move in each of the three kidney processes? A) During filtration, fluids move from the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space; during reabsorption, fluids move from the tubular fluid into the peritubular fluid; during secretion, fluids move from the peritubular fluid into the tubular fluid. B) During filtration, fluids move from the peritubular fluid into the tubular fluid; during reabsorption, fluids move from the tubular fluid into the peritubular fluid; during secretion, fluids move from the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space. C) During filtration, fluids move from the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space; during reabsorption, fluids move from the peritubular fluid into the tubular fluid; during secretion, fluids move from the tubular fluid into the peritubular fluid. D) During filtration, fluids move from the tubular fluid into the peritubular fluid; during reabsorption, fluids move from the peritubular fluid into the tubular fluid; during secretion, fluids move from the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space. E) During filtration, fluids move from the peritubular fluid into the tubular fluid; during reabsorption, fluids move from the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space; during secretion, fluids move from the tubular fluid into the peritubular fluid.

A) During filtration, fluids move from the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space; during reabsorption, fluids move from the tubular fluid into the peritubular fluid; during secretion, fluids move from the peritubular fluid into the tubular fluid.

What effect would increased amounts of aldosterone have on the K+ concentration in urine? A) It would increase the K+ concentration in urine because Na+ is retained. B) It would decrease the K+ concentration in urine because Na+ is retained. C) It would increase the K+ concentration in urine because Na+ is secreted with it. D) It would decrease the K+ concentration in urine because Na+ is secreted with it. E) It would not affect K+ concentration in the urine because Cl- is exchanged for Na+.

A) It would increase the K+ concentration in urine because Na+ is retained.

Compare obligatory water reabsorption with facultative water reabsorption. A) Obligatory water reabsorption cannot be prevented, whereas facultative water reabsorption can be precisely controlled. B) Obligatory water reabsorption can be precisely controlled, whereas facultative water reabsorption cannot be prevented. C) Obligatory water reabsorption occurs in the distal convoluted tubule under control of ADH, whereas facultative water reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule following the osmotic gradient. D) Obligatory water reabsorption occurs in the ascending limb of the nephron loop, whereas facultative water reabsorption occurs in the descending limb of the nephron loop. E) Obligatory water reabsorption is responsible for regulating the final concentration and volume of water lost in urine, whereas facultative water reabsorption is responsible for about 85 percent of water reabsorbed out of the filtrate.

A) Obligatory water reabsorption cannot be prevented, whereas facultative water reabsorption can be precisely controlled.

The greatest variety of chemicals of the tubular filtrate will be conserved(reabsorbed) by the: A) Proximal convoluted tubule B) Descending limb of nephron loop C) Ascending limb of nephron loop D) Distal convoluted tubule E) Collecting duct

A) Proximal convoluted tubule

Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. Which of those pressures is a pressure that favors the filtration pressure? A) glomerular hydrostatic pressure B) capsular hydrostatic pressure C) capsular colloid osmotic pressure D) blood colloid osmotic pressure E) urinary bladder hydrostatic pressure

A) glomerular hydrostatic pressure

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to A) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex. B) decrease secretion of aldosterone. C) increase release of angiotensin II by the suprarenal glands. D) increase filtration into glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. E) decrease urinary albumin concentration.

A) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.

Antidiuretic hormone A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water by increasing the number of aquaporins. B) is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood. C) causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine. D) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water by decreasing the number of aquaporins. E) release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid.

A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water by increasing the number of aquaporins.

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries. A) peritubular B) glomerular C) vasa recta D) cortical E) efferent

A) peritubular

Choose the term that does not belong. A. glomerulus B. macula densa C. juxtaglomerular cells D. juxtaglomerular apparatus E. afferent arteriole

A. glomerulus

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure affects renal function by A. increasing net filtration pressure. B. increasing capsular pressure. C. increasing glomerular capillary pressure. D. increasing blood pressure in the afferent arteriole. E. None of these choices is correct.

A. increasing net filtration pressure.

The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes A. renin. B. ADH. C. oxytocin. D. aldosterone. E. angiotensin.

A. renin.

Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney? A. urine storage B. excretion of waste C. maintenance of fluid balance D. regulate synthesis of vitamin D E. regulate synthesis of RBCs

A. urine storage

Put the following urinary structures in order to represent the flow of newly produced urine: 1) minor calyx 2) renal pelvis 3) ureter 4) major calyx 5) renal papilla A) 5,4,1,2,3 B) 5,1,4,2,3 C) 3,2,4,1,5 D) 3,1,4,5,2 E) 1,4,2,3,5

B) 5,1,4,2,3

_________ makes the collecting duct more permeable to water in order to conserve water. A) Renin B) ADH C) PTH D) Aldosterone E) ACE

B) ADH

Angiotensin II has what effect on the CNS? A) Angiotensin II suppresses the activity of the CNS including reducing thirst, reducing ADH production and reducing sympathetic motor tone. B) Angiotensin II triggers CNS responses including increasing thirst, increasing ADH production and increasing sympathetic motor tone. C) Angiotensin II suppresses the activity of the CNS including increasing thirst, increasing ADH production and increasing sympathetic motor tone. D) Angiotensin II triggers CNS responses including reducing thirst, reducing ADH production and reducing sympathetic motor tone. E) Angiotensin II has little effect on the CNS but activates the PNS.

B) Angiotensin II triggers CNS responses including increasing thirst, increasing ADH production and increasing sympathetic motor tone.

What effect does an increase in ADH levels have on the DCT? A) Increased ADH will decrease the number of aquaporins in the DCT which increases water reabsorption and reduces urine volume. B) Increased ADH will increase the number of aquaporins in the DCT which increases water reabsorption and reduces urine volume. C) Increased ADH will increase the number of aquaporins in the DCT which decreases water reabsorption and reduces urine volume. D) Increased ADH will decrease the number of aquaporins in the DCT which decreases water reabsorption and reduces urine volume. E) Increased ADH will increase the number of aquaporins in the DCT which increases water reabsorption and increases urine volume.

B) Increased ADH will increase the number of aquaporins in the DCT which increases water reabsorption and reduces urine volume.

Where does filtration exclusively occur in the kidney? A) across the glomerular capsule into the proximal convoluted tubule B) across the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle C) across the simple squamous cells of the loop of Henle D) across the proximal convoluted tubule into the peritubular capillaries E) across the nephron loop into the vasa recta

B) across the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle

The detrusor muscle A) moves urine along the ureters by peristalsis. B) compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra. C) functions as the internal urinary sphincter. D) functions as the external urinary sphincter. E) surrounds the renal pelvis.

B) compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra.

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the A) afferent arteriole. B) efferent arteriole. C) vasa recta. D) cortical radiate artery. E) renal vein.

B) efferent arteriole.

The functional unit of the kidney is the A) calyx. B) nephron. C) collecting duct. D) kidney lobe. E) renal sinus.

B) nephron.

The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the A) nephron loop. B) proximal convoluted tubule. C) distal convoluted tubule. D) collecting duct. E) minor calyx.

B) proximal convoluted tubule.

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is A) filtration. B) reabsorbing nutrients. C) secretion of acids and ammonia. D) secretion of drugs. E) adjusting the urine volume.

B) reabsorbing nutrients.

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the A) renal papilla. B) renal pelvis. C) renal medulla. D) renal cortex. E) renal sinus.

B) renal pelvis.

Describe filtrate. A) similar to blood plasma B) similar to blood plasma without proteins C) similar to blood plasma without proteins, hormones, glucose, and amino acids D) similar to cerebrospinal fluid E) similar to cerebrospinal fluid without proteins

B) similar to blood plasma without proteins

Which of the following is greater? A) the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the beginning of the nephron loop B) the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop C) The concentrations at the top and bottom are identical.

B) the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop

Regarding kidney function, in reabsorption, A) solutes enter the tubular fluid after exiting the peritubular fluid and crossing the tubular epithelium. B) water and solutes are transported from the tubular fluid, across the tubular epithelium, and into the peritubular fluid. C) blood pressure forces water and solutes across the membranes of the glomerular capillaries and into the capsular space.

B) water and solutes are transported from the tubular fluid, across the tubular epithelium, and into the peritubular fluid.

The afferent arteriole in the kidney A) is also known as the descending limb of the nephron loop. B) empties directly into the calyx of the medulla. C) carries blood to the glomerulus. D) carries blood from glomerular capsule to the nephron loop. E) returns blood to the inferior vena cava.

C) carries blood to the glomerulus.

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the A) nephron loop. B) proximal convoluted tubule. C) distal convoluted tubule. D) papillary tubule. E) calyx.

C) distal convoluted tubule.

The filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle consists of what three layers? A) filtration slits, foot processes, and slit pores B) fenestrations, matrix, and foot processes C) fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries, basement membrane, and podocyte filtration slits D) dense layer of glomerulus, foot processes, and fenestrations in the capsule E) podocyte filtration slits, matrix cells in the glomerulus, and endothelium of glomerulus

C) fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries, basement membrane, and podocyte filtration slits

Identify the three distinct processes of urine formation in the kidney. A) filtration, reabsorption, and excretion B) filtration, excretion, and secretion C) filtration, reabsorption, and secretion D) reabsorption, secretion, and excretion E) secretion, excretion, and elimination

C) filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Identify the structures of the renal corpuscle. A) glomerular capsule and the proximal convoluted tubule B) collecting duct and papillary duct C) glomerular capsule and glomerulus D) proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule E) glomerular capsule and nephron loop

C) glomerular capsule and glomerulus

The process of filtration is driven by A) active transport. B) blood colloid osmotic pressure. C) glomerular hydrostatic pressure. D) renal pumping. E) net filtration pressure.

C) glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except A) hydrogen ions. B) urea. C) proteins. D) uric acid. E) creatinine.

C) proteins.

What structures enter and exit the kidney at the hilum? A) the renal artery and ureter enter; the renal vein and the urethra exit at the hilum B) the renal vein and urethra enter; the renal artery and ureter exit at the hilum C) the renal artery and renal nerves enter; the renal vein and ureter exit at the hilum D) the renal artery and vein enter; the renal nerves exit at the hilum E) the renal artery and renal nerves enter; the renal vein and urethra exit at the hilum

C) the renal artery and renal nerves enter; the renal vein and ureter exit at the hilum

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, calculate the net filtration pressure: glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure = 80 mmHg blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg A. 110 mmHg B. 90 mmHg C. 50 mmHg D. 30 mmHg E. 20 mmHg

C. 50 mmHg

Intense sympathetic stimulation of the kidney A. is necessary for normal kidney metabolism. B. causes the release of epinephrine from the kidney. C. decreases renal flow. D. increases filtration rate. E. does not alter filtration rate.

C. decreases renal flow.

The kidneys produce renin when A. the urine becomes acidic. B. the peritubular capillaries dilate. C. the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole decreases. D. sodium chloride concentration in the distal tubule increases. E. the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole increases.

C. the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole decreases.

Define dialysis. A) Dialysis is the breakdown of renal epithelial cells due to toxins. B) Dialysis is the process of transplanting a kidney into a person whose kidney are not functioning properly. C) Dialysis is the process of reducing blood pressure by taking diuretics to increase urine volume. D) Dialysis is the process of using an artificial semipermeable membrane to remove wastes and retain plasma proteins in the blood of a person whose kidneys are not functioning properly. E) Dialysis is caused by the backup of urine into the kidneys due to a blockage in the ureter.

D) Dialysis is the process of using an artificial semipermeable membrane to remove wastes and retain plasma proteins in the blood of a person whose kidneys are not functioning properly.

The glomerular filtrate contains most of the blood plasma components except for: A) Electrolytes B) Glucose C) Amino acids D) Protein E) Vitamins

D) Protein

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases, A) more urine is produced. B) less urine is produced. C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases. D) both more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases. E) both less urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases.

D) both more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases.

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is termed A) glomerulonephritis. B) polycystic kidney disease. C) calculi. D) renal failure. E) hematuria.

D) renal failure.

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce A) a larger volume of urine. B) urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. C) urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. D) urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions. E) urine with less glucose.

D) urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.

Which of the following is NOT an action of angiotensin II? A. vasoconstriction of arterioles B. increases thirst C. increases ADH secretion D. decreases peripheral resistance E. increases aldosterone secretion

D. decreases peripheral resistance

One feature of renal blood circulation that makes it unique is that A. there is a double set of venules. B. blood flows from arterioles into venules. C. blood flows from venules into arterioles. D. each nephron has at least two capillary networks. E. the nephron is only associated with the glomerulus.

D. each nephron has at least two capillary networks.

Which of the following pressures tends to force fluid from the glomerulus through the filtration membrane into Bowman's capsule? A. tubular pressure B. capsular pressure C. colloid osmotic pressure D. glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure E. None of these choices is correct.

D. glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

1) Put the following urinary structures in order as urine is produced and eliminated from the body 1) prostate. 2) urinary bladder. 3) kidney. 4) ureter. 5) urethra. A) 1,3,2,4,5 B) 3,1,4,2,5 C) 3,5,2,4 D) 2,1,3,4,5 E) 3,4,2,5

E) 3,4,2,5

The filtration barrier would include which of the following? Choose the most correct answer. A) fenestrated endothelium B) lamina densa C) slit layer D) A and B only E) A, B and C

E) A, B and C

The process of filtration occurs at the A) proximal convoluted tubule. B) distal convoluted tubule. C) collecting duct. D) nephron loop. E) glomerulus.

E) glomerulus.

Which is most unlikely to be secreted into the renal tubules from the peritubular capillaries? A) organic acids B) organic bases C) antibiotics D)H+ E) glucose

E) glucose

The mechanism for producing concentrated urine involves all of the following except A) the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). B) aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells. C) a high concentration of NaCl in the fluid surrounding the collecting ducts. D) a properly functioning nephron loop. E) the release of natriuretic peptides.

E) the release of natriuretic peptides.

Urine formation involves A. filtration of the blood plasma, reabsorption of proteins, and elimination of wastes. B. reabsorption from the filtrate. C. secretion into the filtrate. D. production of red blood cells. E. filtration of the plasma, reabsorption from the filtrate, and the secretion into the filtrate.

E. filtration of the plasma, reabsorption from the filtrate, and the secretion into the filtrate.