APE Ch. 15 SG
Describe the basic features of Ottoman society and government
1) agricultural land was the personal hereditary property of the sultan; peasants paid taxes to use the land (almost complete lack of private property and no hereditary nobility) 2) talented slaves rose to the top of the bureaucracy; others formed core of Janissary corps (sultan's army) 3) subjects divided into self-governing religious communities (millets) 4) sultans were only to procreate with concubines, not marry them (changed with Suleiman and Hurrem)
What style of music did Bach produce?
Baroque
What movement helped the Baroque style of art flourish?
Catholic Counter-Reformation
What was the name of the uprising in France from 1648-1653 which was against the increased royal revenues to meet the cost of war?
Fronde
Who advanced mercantilist policies in France and helped them enjoy a strong economy?
Jean Baptist Colbert
Who wrote the Second Treatise of Civil Government?
John Locke
Describe absolutism in France during the 17th century
Louis XIV ("Sun King") led France to the peak of absolutism; believed in "divine right" of kings; never called meeting of the Estates General (deprived nobility of united expression/action); heavily taxed peasants to build Versailles (where Louis's court and government were located)
What group did the princes of Moscow model their rule after?
Mongols
What peace treaty marked a turning point in European history by temporarily ending large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith in Europe?
Peace of Westphalia
How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne?
Philip (Louis XIV's grandson) was placed on the Spanish throne, with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united
Who were the Junkers?
Prussian nobility who reluctantly worked with Frederick Williams to consolidate the Prussian state
After his victory in 1709 at Poltava, Peter the Great built a new, Western-style city on the Baltic called what?
St. Petersburg
End result of the Glorious Revolution (who came to power)?
William (Dutch) and Mary (English) of Orange
Who was the archbishop who sought to impose a new prayer book modeled on the Anglican Book of Common Prayer on Presbyterian Scotland?
William Laud
What type of government did Thomas Hobbes endorse?
absolutist monarchy
What group held political power in the Dutch Republic?
an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen
What was the notion of moral economy?
community needs predominate over competition/profit
How did Cardinal Richelieu increase the power of the centralized French State?
extended the use of intendants commissioners for each of France's 32 districts
What led to the Glorious Revolution?
fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II
In exchange for financial support from Louis XIV, what did Charles II promise him?
he promised he would make England Catholic again
Describe French classicism in the 17th century
imitated the subject matter and style of classical antiquity; possessed classical qualities such as disciple, balance, and restraint
How did famines affect the European population in the 17th century?
malnutrition and lowered immune systems; huge losses in population
Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate was what form of government?
military dictatorship
What were the religious communities that the Ottomans divided their subjects into?
millets; each "nation" enjoyed autonomous self-government under its religious leaders
How did Frederick William of Prussia, the Great Elector, persuade the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army?
offered them military positions and power over serfs
What class of people did Louis XIV select his councilors from?
recently enobled/upper-middle class
How did Frederick William of Prussia ("Great Elector") persuade the Junkers to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army?
reconfirmed their privileges; included authority over serfs
Who staffed the top levels of the bureaucracy within the Ottoman government?
slaves core
What is mercantilism?
state regulation of exporting more than importing goods; leads to an increase bullion of gold/silver
After the English Revolution of 1668, what class of people did the Parliament mostly represent?
upper class
