APEH Ch. 13 - Practice Test
The first Great Artist of the Rennaissance was a) Giotto b) Masaccio c) Dante d) Petrarch
a) Giotto
Which of these city-states is said to have been the cultural center of the Renaissance and has been compared to ancient Athens for its burst of creativity over a relatively short time span? a) Venice b) Milan c) Rome d) Genoa e) Florence
e) Florence
In fifteenth-century Europe, Muslim culture exerted the greatest influence on which of the following societies? a) English b) French c) German d) Italian e) Spanish
e) Spanish
The most influential book on Renaissance court life and behavior was a) Castiglione's The Courtier b) Machiavelli's The Prince c) Augustine's The City of God d) Boccaccio's Decameron
a) Castiglione's The Courtier
The "new learning" of the Renaissance was called a) Humanism b) Individualism c) the Decameron d) the Cinquecento
a) Humanism
The English author of Utopia (1516) was a) More b) Tyndale c) Molière d) Cromwell e) Spenser
a) More
In 1500 the two most powerful autocracies in Eastern Europe were a) Muscovy and the Ottoman Empire b) The Ottoman and the Byzantine Empires c) The Byzantine Empire and Poland-Lithuania d) Poland-Lithuania and Hungary e) Hungary and Kievan Russia
a) Muscovy and the Ottoman Empire
All of the following were powerful Renaissance city-states except a) Palermo b) Milan c) Venice d) Florence
a) Palermo
"Oh inglorious age! that scorns antiquity, its mother, to whom it owes every noble art - that dares to declare itself not only equal but superior to the glorious past." a) Petrarch on Italy in 14th century b) Luther on Germany in 16th century c) Voltaire on France in 18th century d) Darwin on England in 19th century e) Picasso on Spain in 20th century
a) Petrarch on Italy in 14th century
"It was a literary movement that reflected a new way of looking at the human condition. The writers were laymen, not clergy, who examined secular issues such as politics and the emotional life of the individual. While they drew on the themes of the ancient classics and often wrote in classical Latin and Greek, they also laid the foundations for modern language and literature by writing in their mother tongues." Which of the following are considered writers of the literary school described in the above passage? a) Petrarch, Boccaccio, Erasmus b) Boccaccio, Erasmus, Brunelleschi c) Erasmus, Castiglione, Thomas Aquinas d) Castiglione, Machiavelli, Thomas Aquinas e) Petrarch, Giorro, Castiglione
a) Petrarch, Boccaccio, Erasmus
This humanist illustrates the successes and failures of educated Renaissance women. a) Christine de Pisan b) Laura Cereta c) Artemisia Gentileschi d) Baldassare Castiglione
b) Laura Cereta
Which of the following was NOT a major Renaissance city state? a) Milan b) Lisbon c) Venice d) Florence e) Siena
b) Lisbon
"...It is, then, much safer to be feared than to be loved ...for touching human nature, we may say in general that men are untruthful, unconstant, dissemblers, they avoid dangers and are covetous of gain. While you do them good, they are wholly yours... but when (danger) approaches, they revolt." Such was the lesson taught to rulers by a) Lorenzo Valla b) Machiavelli c) Montaigne d) Hugo Grotius e) Johan Huizinga
b) Machiavelli
Which of these concepts was NOT valued by Renaissance thinkers? a) Humans as the measure of all things b) The cloistered life c) A life of activity d) Excellence in all human endeavors e) Living up to one's individual potential
b) The cloistered life
All of the following statements about the Renaissance are true EXCEPT a) The preeminence of medieval Scholasticism was challenged b) The papacy became increasingly ascetic, promoting mystical contact with God c) People looked increasingly back to the classical period for ideas and models d) Wealthy merchant princes patronized the arts e) There was interest in broadening the range of education
b) The papacy became increasingly ascetic, promoting mystical contact with God
A major difference between northern and Italian humanism is that northern humanism stressed a) pagan virtues b) scholastic dogma over reason c) social reform based on Christian ideals d) economic gain and materialism
c) social reform based on Christian ideals
The fresco 'The School of Athens' is characteristic of the thought and art of a) Medieval Scholasticism b) the Rococo period c) the Italian Renaissance d) Romanticism e) the Baroque era
c) the Italian Renaissance
The court of Star Chamber in England was a) a common-law court b) under the control of the barons in the House of Lords c) used to check aristocratic power d) done away with by the powerful tudors
c) used to check aristocratic power
During the Renaissance, humanism contributed LEAST to which of the following? a) Popularization of medieval legends b) Renewed interest in original Greek and Roman manuscripts c) Development of modern national languages d) Promotion of liberal arts education e) Refinements in social manners and personal habit
a) Popularization of medieval legends
The superiority of the French monarch over the church was the object of the a) Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges b) Hapsburg-Valois wars c) Hundred Years' War d) Declaration of Calais
a) Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges
Before the Renaissance, which was the greatest patron of the arts? a) The Church b) The middle classes c) European monarchs d) The nobility e) The governments of the city-states
a) The Church
Erasmus of Rotterdam was the author of a) The Praise of Folly b) The Birth of Venus c) Utopia d) The Prince e) Don Quixote
a) The Praise of Folly
The financial and military strength of the towns in northern Italy was directly related to a) Their wealth, which enabled them to hire mercenary soldiers to protect their commercial interests b) Their contractual and marital alliances with the rural nobility c) Protections provided them by the Holy Roman Emperor d) Their alliance with the papacy
a) Their wealth, which enabled them to hire mercenary soldiers to protect their commercial interests
Which of the following statements about the earliest printed books is false? a) They dealt with economic and business subjects b) They encouraged literacy c) Movable type was first developed in Mainz, Germany d) They had an effect on the process of learning
a) They dealt with economic and business subjects
Renaissance humanism is primarily defined as a) a curriculum based on the study of the classics, rhetoric and history b) an anti-religious program dedicated to the destruction of the Church c) an artistic style that portrayed the depraved state of human beings d) a philosophical movement that emphasized the beauty of nature e) a religious movement that attempted to make Christianity relevant to daily experience
a) a curriculum based on the study of the classics, rhetoric and history
Among other things Christian humanism a) accepted Classical learning as valuable but not supreme b) rejected Christian teaching which contradicted Classical learning c) placed "virtu" above Christian values d) accepted strict control over learning by the Pope e) derided humble piety and praised elaborate rituals and vestments
a) accepted Classical learning as valuable but not supreme
Francis I further consolidated centralized power by levying the taille, a tax on a) all land and property b) on peasant crops c) on the Gallic Church's income d) on the landholdings of the nobility e) on imports
a) all land and property
The Wars of the Roses were a) civil wars between the English ducal houses of York and Lancaster b) between England and France c) civil wars between the English king, Henry VI, and the aristocracy d) minor disputes among English gentry
a) civil wars between the English ducal houses of York and Lancaster
Disenfranchised and heavily taxed males who wanted places in the government and equality of taxation. a) popolo b) communes c) signori d) gabelle
a) popolo
Michaelangelo was the first Western artist to a) portray God as the same size as man b) paint frescoes c) renounce Christianity d) paint church ceilings e) be remembered by his own name
a) portray God as the same size as man
All of the following statements about the earliest printed books are true EXCEPT a) they dealt mainly with economic and business subjects b) they encouraged literacy c) moveable type was first developed in Mainz, Germany d) they accelerated the spread of new ideas throughout Europe
a) they dealt mainly with economic and business subjects
Just before the advent of Ferdinand and Isabella, the Iberian peninsula could best be described as a) A homogeneous region sharing a common language and cultural tradition b) A heterogeneous region consisting of several ethnic groups with a diversity of linguistic and cultural characteristics c) A culturally poor and backward region d) A region dominated equally by Arabs and Jews in both numbers and political powers
b) A heterogeneous region consisting of several ethnic groups with a diversity of linguistic and cultural characteristics
Michelangelo's David displays which thematic innovation of Renaissance artists? a) The depiction of religious personages b) Accurate human anatomy c) The use of wood as a material d) The portrayal of enigmatic expressions e) The depiction of classical costumes
b) Accurate human anatomy
"All I can do is beg our virtuous ladies to raise their minds somewhat above their distaff and spindles and try to prove to the world that if we were not made to command, still we should not be disdained as companions in domestic and public matters by those who govern and command obedience." In the excerpt above from a letter written in 1555 by the French poet Louise Labé, the author does which of the following? a) Rejects domestic roles for women. b) Champions women's intellectual abilities c) Condemns the French school system. d) Encourages women to seek public office. e) Asserts the social superiority of women.
b) Champions women's intellectual abilities
The frail and ugly king who began French economic and political recovery in the early fifteenth century was a) Henry Tudor b) Charles VII c) Philip the Fair d) Louis XI
b) Charles VII
Erasmus advocated a) paganism b) Christian education for moral and intellectual improvement c) obedience to church doctrine and ritual d) a monastic life of contemplation and divorce from the material world
b) Christian education for moral and intellectual improvement
Renaissance humanism drew its main inspiration from a) Religious asceticism b) Classical languages and literature c) The curricula of medieval universities d) Political reforms of the Holy Roman Empire e) The ideas of Dante's Inferno
b) Classical languages and literature
Known as the "Prince of the Humanists," in such works as In Praise of Folly he criticized the clergy and abuses that he saw in the Christian Church. His given name was a) Petrarch b) Desiderius Erasmus c) Agricola d) Pico della Mirandola e) Pierre d'Ailly
b) Desiderius Erasmus
The "Prince of Humanists," who attempted through satiric writings to reform the Roman Catholic Church while remaining loyal to it was a) Sir Thomas More b) Erasmus c) Luther d) Cervantes e) Rabelais
b) Erasmus
The first literary and artistic expressions, as well as the highest cultural achievements, were centered in what Northern Italian city-state? a) Milan b) Florence c) Venice d) Naples e) Rome
b) Florence
Which of the following most clearly distinguishes the northern Renaissance from the Italian Renaissance? a) Interest in science and technology b) Greater concern with religious piety c) Cultivation of a Latin style d) Use of national languages in literature e) Admiration for Scholastic thought.
b) Greater concern with religious piety
Which is true of Humanism? a) It set limits on what human beings could accomplish in this world. b) It emphasized the study of Greek and Roman classical literature. c) It sought to understand human nature exclusively by means of studying the writings of the early Christian philosophers. d) It promoted a medieval lifestyle. e) It discouraged a study of pagan writers.
b) It emphasized the study of Greek and Roman classical literature.
The Renaissance began in a) Spain, influenced by Jewish and Muslim culture b) Italy c) England d) France, centered in Paris
b) Italy
This person preached only in Czech and was burned at the stake for his heretical teachings. a) Martin Luther b) Jan Hus c) John Wyclif d) Constance Verclif
b) Jan Hus
Which of the following statements best describes the Christian humanists? a) They stressed the acceptance of dogma, rather than use of reason b) They believed that the best elements of classical and Christian cultures should be combined c) They believed human nature was incapable of improvement d) They were advocates of Scholastic philosophy
b) They believed that the best elements of classical and Christian cultures should be combined
Which of the following statements best describes humanist attitudes toward education for women? a) They believed that women deserved the same kind of education that men received b) They thought that a program that emphasized eloquence and action was not proper for women c) They set up schools strictly for women d) They thought that "the field of religion and literature" should be the primary focus of women's education
b) They thought that a program that emphasized eloquence and action was not proper for women
The term Renaissance means a) a rise in the average standard of living among the masses b) a resurgence in art and culture out of a concern for individualism and study of the ancients c) an increase in the population after the ravaging effects of the "Four Horseman of the Apocalypse" d) the recovery of the church from economic and moral decline
b) a resurgence in art and culture out of a concern for individualism and study of the ancients
Laura Cereta was a) a typical Renaissance wife and mother b) a well-educated Renaissance humanist c) Petrarch's idealized woman d) the subject of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting
b) a well-educated Renaissance humanist
All of the following are qualities that Renaissance humanists would have admired EXCEPT a) self awareness b) ascetic mysticism c) physical beauty d) Intellectual excellence e) Classical education
b) ascetic mysticism
Sworn associations of free men seeking complete political and economic independence from local nobles were a) popolo b) communes c) signori d) gabelle
b) communes
Marranos were a) slaves from the Crimean area b) converted Christians in Spain c) royal officials of the "new monarchs" d) the inhabitants of the imagined land of Utopia
b) converted Christians in Spain
Machiavelli stated that any prince "trusting only in their words and having no other preparations made" will a) prosper but through great adversity b) fall to his ruin c) be forced to rely on those around him for success d) none of the above
b) fall to his ruin
A basic concern with the material world instead of with the eternal world of spirit. a) individualism b) humanism c) secularism d) Botticellism
b) humanism
After the conquest at Granada in 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella a) struck and alliance with Pope Alexander VI to secure the right to appoint bishops in Spain b) issued and edict expelling all practicing Jews from Spain c) revived an old medieval institution: the hermandades d) sought permission to set up an inquisition
b) issued and edict expelling all practicing Jews from Spain
Rule of merchant aristocracies. a) popolo b) oligarchies c) signori d) enlightened despots
b) oligarchies
Lorenzo Valla gained fame for a) becoming ruler of the Renaissance city of Florence b) proving the Donation of Constantine a fraud c) his inventions d) challenging the authority of Voltaire e) helping to unify Italy
b) proving the Donation of Constantine a fraud
Rulers who were called "politiques" in the sixteenth century practiced which of the following policies? a) fanatical extermination of religious dissidents b) subordination of personal preferences in religion to state necessity c) military alliances based exclusively on denominational lines d) steadfast support for the Counter-Reformation e) granting more authority to electoral assemblies
b) subordination of personal preferences in religion to state necessity
In Florence, during the 15th century, power was held by a) Henry IV b) the Medicis c) signori d) merchant oligarchies
b) the Medicis
The political strength of the Medici family in Florence was initially based on a) a close alliance with the papacy b) the influence and wealth of their bank c) the support of the lower classes d) the support of powerful citizen militia e) their tenure in various municipal offices
b) the influence and wealth of their bank
The so-called pagan humanism of the Italian Renaissance differed from the so-called Christian humanism of the Northern Renaissance primarily because a) the art of the Italian Renaissance depicted only classical themes b) the literature of the Northern Renaissance drew upon the Hebrew and Greek texts of the Bible and the writings of the Church Fathers c) Italian Renaissance writers were often antireligious d) The merchant-princes who ruled the Italian city-states resisted the influence of the Church in civic affairs e) The Northern churches were the biggest patrons of the arts
b) the literature of the Northern Renaissance drew upon the Hebrew and Greek texts of the Bible and the writings of the Church Fathers
"Geography is destiny" proved true for the Italians of the 14th and 15th centuries for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a) their proximity to the Mediterranean b) their establishment of overland trade with Asia c) their role as the "middlemen" of Europe d) their ability to adapt to victimization by more united peoples e) their seagoing trade with the eastern Mediterranean
b) their establishment of overland trade with Asia
It appears that in Renaissance society blacks were a) valued as soldiers b) valued as servants and entertainers c) considered undesirable and were not allowed in society d) not much in demand
b) valued as servants and entertainers
"A prince should have only one end and one idea in mind, take only one subject for study, and it is war, its science and discipline; for it is the only science that deals with the ruler's problems . . . . [Success in war] not only maintains those born to princedoms but also often causes men of private origin to rise to that rank. . . . The first cause of losing power is the neglect of this art; the cause of winning power lies in its mastery." In writing the passage above, Machiavelli drew on his observations of a) feudal warfare in medieval Europe b) warfare among the Italian city-states c) sixteenth-century religious wars d) warfare among the European colonial powers e) warfare during the Crusades
b) warfare among the Italian city-states
Girolamo Savonarola a) was appointed by Pope Alexander VI b) led the invasion of Italy in 1494 c) was a Renaissance artist d) was a Dominican friar
d) was a Dominican friar
Homosexuality in Renaissance Italy a) usually was defined as a sexual act between men b) was condemned, but widely practiced c) All of the above d) None of the above
c) All of the above
All of the following were painters during the Renaissance EXCEPT a) Botticelli b) Raphael c) Bruni d) Buonarroti e) Massaccio
c) Bruni
The monarch who, by invading Italy in the 1490s, upset the balance of power in that region was a) Charles V Hapsburg b) Henry VII of England c) Charles VIII of France d) Ferdinand of Spain e) Suleiman the Magnificent
c) Charles VIII of France
One of the first "Renaissance men" was a) Pope Leo X b) Charles VIII c) Francesco Petrarch d) Girolamo Savonarola
c) Francesco Petrarch
Which of the following statements about Florence at the time of the Renaissance is false? a) Its major industry was wool production b) It was a major banking center c) It was a major Mediterranean port city d) It lost probably half its population to the Black Death
c) It was a major Mediterranean port city
Which dynasty of merchants, bankers, and despots of Florence used its wealth to patronize the great creative artists of the day? a) Petrarch b) Bellini c) Medici d) Sforza e) Condonieri
c) Medici
The dome of St. Peter's in Rome is considered to be the greatest work of a) Brunelleschi b) Donatello c) Michelangelo d) Ghiberti
c) Michelangelo
Which of the following best describes the Christian humanism of Erasmus? a) A complete break with Roman Catholic theology. b) A defense of individual interpretation of the Bible. c) The application of Renaissance scholarship to questions of ecclesiastical and moral reform. d) A return to the Scholastic theology of Thomas Aquinas. e) A plea for a return to monasticism as the highest Christian calling.
c) The application of Renaissance scholarship to questions of ecclesiastical and moral reform.
Which one of the following best characterizes the relationship between the Commercial Revolution and the Italian Renaissance? a) The Commercial Revolution caused Europeans to concentrate on their own continent, to the exclusion of the rest of the world. b) The Commercial Revolution was a result of the Italian Renaissance. c) The new merchant class of the Commercial Revolution was more interested in the secular world and less interested in religion. d) There is no connection. e) The Commercial Revolution enriched Italian farmers.
c) The new merchant class of the Commercial Revolution was more interested in the secular world and less interested in religion.
Who among the following was NOT a political philosopher? a) Niccolo Machiavelli b) Frederick Engels c) William Harvey d) John Stuart Mill e) Thomas Hobbes
c) William Harvey
Artemesia Gentileschi was a) a famous midwife b) the wife of Lorenzo de' Medici, and a humanist in her own right c) a brilliant woman painter d) arrested for trying to organize women textile workers in Florence.
c) a brilliant woman painter
Secularism during the Renaissance can best be described as a) a repudiation of the Roman Catholic faith b) a concern with the nature of individuality c) an emphasis on money and pleasure d) a belief in individual genius e) a literary movement centered primarily in the Northern states of Europe
c) an emphasis on money and pleasure
Renaissance men's views of educated women was that they should a) not be encouraged in any manner b) be encouraged and given an equal place in society c) be allowed to add a social touch to the household, but otherwise remain subservient to men d) have a voice in the affairs of the city
c) be allowed to add a social touch to the household, but otherwise remain subservient to men
Local groups in Spain which were given royal authority to administer justice were the a) conversos b) liberals c) hermandades d) royal tribunal
c) hermandades
The Northern Renaissance differed from the Renaissance in Italy in that a) it lacked the strong financial foundation provided by the city-states of Italy b) while attaining triumphs in the architectural area, it did not demonstrate the artistic glory seen in the south c) it placed a greater emphasis upon religious piety d) it drew more heavily on the Byzantine tradition via contacts with the Russian Orthodox Church e) it reflected more strongly the influence of contacts with the civilizations of the New World
c) it placed a greater emphasis upon religious piety
A monarch called a "politique" practiced which of the following policies? a) terror and deceit b) democratic politics c) live and let live d) extreme uniformity e) religious conformity
c) live and let live
In The Prince, Machiavelli asserted that a) historical examples are useless for understanding political behavior b) the intelligent prince should keep his state neutral in the event of war c) people are not trustworthy and cannot be relied upon in time of need d) the prince should be guided by the ethical principles of Christianity e) luck is of no consequence in the success or failure of princes
c) people are not trustworthy and cannot be relied upon in time of need
Despots or one-man rulers a) popolo b) oligarchies c) signori d) enlightened despots
c) signori
Which was note true of the Renaissance? a) It began in Italy, especially Florence b) It was based on material prosperity c) It refers to cultural achievements d) All of the above are true
d) All of the above are true
Which of the following best describes the political and economic environment of much of fifteenth-century Italy? a) A few large states dominated by a wealthy landed nobility b) A strong unified Italian monarchy that patronized the arts c) Many independent city-states with prosperous merchant oligarchies d) Control of most of Italy by the pope, who encouraged mercantile development e) Support of the arts in Italy by the kings of France and the Holy Roman emperors, who were competing for influence.
d) Control of most of Italy by the pope, who encouraged mercantile development
The Renaissance began in a) the Low Countries b) Rome c) France d) Florence
d) Florence
A late Renaissance reformer who maintained that "the Hermetic philosophy, with its mystical approach to God and nature, held the key to true wisdom," was a) Descartes b) Montaigne c) Francis Bacon d) Giordano Bruno e) Newton
d) Giordano Bruno
All of the following things are true about Francesco Petrarch from Document 5 except. a) He enjoyed the simple life b) He enjoyed studying the past c) His own age repelled him d) He didn't enjoy moral philosophy
d) He didn't enjoy moral philosophy
Which of the following statements about Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) is true? a) He was a staunch advocate of violent revolution. b) He was the greatest scientist of his age. c) He was the leading atheist of his century. d) He was the best known skeptic of his time. e) He was the leading military strategist of the era.
d) He was the best known skeptic of his time.
The late fifteenth-century ruler of England who ended the civil war and strengthened the crown was a) John I b) William III c) Henry II d) Henry VII
d) Henry VII
Which is NOT true of the Northern Renaissance? a) It was focused more on religion than on the Italian Renaissance. b) It stressed social reform based on Christian teachings. c) It began in the last three decades of the 15th century. d) It preceded the Italian Renaissance. e) Its art was more religious and less influenced by classical themes than Italian art.
d) It preceded the Italian Renaissance.
The title of Thomas More's work, Utopia, means a) The praise of folly b) The Stars c) Education d) Nowhere
d) Nowhere
Which of the following is a significant difference between medieval and Renaissance sculpture? a) The shift from Old Testament to New Testament themes b) The use of stone rather than wood c) Renaissance sculpture was devoid of religious subjects d) Renaissance art represented the visible world rather than conventional symbolism e) Renaissance sculpture was no longer commissioned by the popes
d) Renaissance art represented the visible world rather than conventional symbolism
Which was NOT a goal of Christian humanists like Erasmus and Thomas More? a) To recapture the moral force of early Christianity b) To reform the Roman Catholic Church c) To criticize the pomposities of leaders and inequities of society d) To support Protestantism e) To emphasize the religious aspects of classical literature
d) To support Protestantism
A sworn association of free men in a city was called a) a Renaissance b) Ciompi c) Signorie d) a commune
d) a commune
Castiglione's Book of the Courtier (1528) was intended as a) a collection of entertaining travel stories b) a guide to the military affairs of the Italian peninsula c) a collection of meditations and spiritual reflections d) a guide to refined behavior and etiquette e) an allegory of true love
d) a guide to refined behavior and etiquette
The Hundred Year's War left France a) drastically depopulated b) commercially ruined c) agriculturally weak d) all of the above e) both b and c
d) all of the above
The invention of moveable-type printing press a) facilitated propaganda b) probably occurred in Mainz, Germany c) involved casts of individual letter rather than whole words d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the "debate about women"? a) it centered on women's character and nature b) beginning in the 16th century, it also became a debate about female rulers c) the debate about women was mostly between intellectuals d) all of the above are TRUE
d) all of the above are TRUE
The best description of Machiavelli's "The Prince" is that it is a) a call for Italian nationalism b) a satire on sixteenth century politics c) a description of how government should be organized and implemented d) an accurate description of politics as practiced in Renaissance Italy
d) an accurate description of politics as practiced in Renaissance Italy
In the Great Chain of Being, a concept still accepted by many in the early modern period, people would be ranked in which of the following ways from highest to lowest? a) nobles, bishops, merchants, paupers, peasants b) rich bankers, knights, peasants, clergy, paupers c) priests, merchants, nobles, peasants, paupers d) bishops, nobles, merchants, peasants, paupers e) kings, nobles, merchants, bishops, peasants
d) bishops, nobles, merchants, peasants, paupers
Thomas More's ideas, as best expressed in his book Utopia, centered on the belief that a) evil exists because men and women are basically corrupt b) political leaders must learn how to manipulate their subjects c) social order is only an unattainable ideal d) corruption and war are due to acquisitiveness and private property
d) corruption and war are due to acquisitiveness and private property
Renaissance Humanism was a threat to the Church because it a) espoused atheism c) denounced scholasticism c) denounced neo-Platonism d) emphasized a return to the original sources of Christianity e) advanced an amoral philosophy
d) emphasized a return to the original sources of Christianity
The powerful middle class that developed in the independent city-states of Renaissance Italy was involved in all of the following EXCEPT a) making profitable loans to popes and monarchs b) financing commercial ventures c) patronizing the arts d) encouraging manorialism d) controlling the governments of the city-states
d) encouraging manorialism
Tax on salt a) popolo b) communes c) signori d) gabelle
d) gabelle
"It was a literary movement that reflected a new way of looking at the human condition. The writers were laymen, not clergy, who examined secular issues such as politics and the emotional life of the individual. While they drew on the themes of the ancient classics and often wrote in classical Latin and Greek, they also laid the foundations for modern language and literature by writing in their mother tongues." The literary movement described above is a) secularism b) individualism c) classicism d) humanism e) virtu
d) humanism
The patrons of the Renaissance were mostly a) churchmen b) the popes c) the common people d) merchants and the bankers
d) merchants and the bankers
The end of the Hundred Years' War encouraged the growth of centralized government in France for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a) the nobility had been weakened by the war b) the monarchy had led the fight against the English c) the revival of commerce increased the taxable revenues of the bourgeoisie d) nobles were recruited to serve as government administrators e) the king was able to keep a strong standing army
d) nobles were recruited to serve as government administrators
Slavery in the Renaissance a) was limited to males b) was limited to Africans c) all of the above d) none of the above
d) none of the above
The Renaissance artist of talent and ability often lived a life a) of economic depression b) of luxury, but without social status c) like that of the masses d) of economic security through patronage
d) of economic security through patronage
Most of the northern Renaissance thinkers agreed that a) democracy, not monarchy, was the only workable political system b) humanity is basically sinful c) Christianity is unacceptable d) society is perfectible
d) society is perfectible
Which of the following statement is TRUE about women painters? a) women painters flourished in the technique of fresco b) many women from noble families studied with men at academies c) stylistically, their work was very similar to each other d) women were not allowed to study the male nude
d) women were not allowed to study the male nude
Machiavelli's The Prince offered which of the following pieces of advice? a) Know your enemy and know your self and you cannot be defeated. b) Behave like a weasel and a bear to be smart and ferocious. c) Allow a strong minister to help you run your nation. d) Do not conquer your enemies too harshly. e) Be loved or feared, but never hated.
e) Be loved or feared, but never hated.
Which of the following describes a major difference between northern humanists and Italian humanists? a) Italian humanists focused on human intellect and achievements, whereas northern humanists concentrated on nature and emotion b) Italian humanists focused on national consciousness whereas northern humanists rejected politics c) Italian humanists viewed human nature as corrupt and weak, whereas northern humanists viewed human nature as generally good d) Both concentrated on spiritual concerns, but northern humanists also focused on secular matters. e) Both looked to Classical sources, but northern humanists also emphasized Christian sources.
e) Both looked to Classical sources, but northern humanists also emphasized Christian sources.
Which of the following was NOT an important development of the Northern Renaissance? a) The use of the first movable-type printing press in Europe b) The formulation of the heliocentric view c) The establishment of a brilliant English vernacular literature d) Mysticism's assertion that an individual could commune directly with God, unaided by the Church e) The invention of the banking system
e) The invention of the banking system
All of the following are characteristics of Renaissance humanism EXCEPT a) sanctity of the Latin texts of scriptures b) belief that ancient Latin and Greek writers were inferior to later authors c) rejection of Christian principles d) it functioned as a primary cause of the Reformation e) accomplished scholarship in ancient languages
e) accomplished scholarship in ancient languages
The painting of Duke of Urbino painted in the late fifteenth century demonstrates which of the following characteristics of Renaissance art? a) portrayal of dull and realistic landscapes b) excessive flattery of portrait subjects c) ordinary people sitting for portraits d) religious themes e) faithful portrayal of individuals
e) faithful portrayal of individuals
The Renaissance marks the beginning of the modern era in large part due to the development of all of the following EXCEPT a) the foundations of capitalism were laid at this time b) individualism emerged as a trend c) trade with the New World began a trend of global trade d) scientific thought emerged with an emphasis on the scientific method e) northern Europe began to dominate southern Europe
e) northern Europe began to dominate southern Europe
The sculpture of the Renaissance differed from that of the Middle Ages in all the following ways EXCEPT a) the forms were anatomically proportional b) the faces expressed emotion c) the figures expressed animation d) the artists prided themselves on the individuality of style e) the subject matter was nonreligious
e) the subject matter was nonreligious