APES Final
The land on a 100-acre farm is equally suited for grazing cattle and growing com. Of the following ways of distributing land use, which would produce the greatest number of calories for human consumption?
0 cattle, 100 acres corn
which soil horizon contains leaf litter, twigs, seeds, and humus
0 horizon
Economic benefits of building large dams include which of the following? I. Storage of water for agriculture and domestic use II. Controlling floods upstream III. Production of renewable energy
1 + 3
Regulations that deal with the disposal of hazardous waste?
1 only, RCRA
The Gaia hypothesis proposes that: I. the global environment at a global level has been profoundly changed since life appeared on Earth II. life is sacred, and eating meat or animal by-products is unethical III. changes in the environment tend to improve the environment for life
1+3
The following statement about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is TRUE?
1+3?????, GM foods are opposed by some because they can cause allergies and dont have to be labeled in the grocery store & GM foods are good because we can incorporate vitamins, minerals, nutrients in grain that is easy to grow and requires little fertilizer. feed underdeveloped countries
Philosophy 101 had 50 students on the first day of class. However, the class has a reputation for being an easy A (unlike the class you're taking now), and the enrollment is unlimited. The amount of students has increased by 5% each day. Doubling Time?
14 class days
Look at the information on the caribou population in the question above. An expedition was scheduled to return to Edwardan island in 1994. Assuming the dynamics of the herd have not changed, how many caribou should be present?
2560
A 1000 liter fish tank has a pump to filter and recirculate the water. The water in the tank has a residence time of two hours......
500 liters/hour
For a certain insecticide, the LD-50 dosage level for rats is determined to be 250 milligrams per kilogram....
500 out of every one thousand rats would die
a family's livelihood depends on how much salmon they catch in a season. In 2007 they caught 200 pounds of fish per day. five years previous they were able to catch about 500 pounds..........
60%?????
On the basis of the data, the best prediction of the pH of the water in which Daphnia normally are found in the wild
7 pH
The herd of caribou on Edwardan Island was measured in 1959. At that time, there were 20 animals, and the herd was growing at a steady rate of 14% annually. What was the doubling time of the herd?
7 years
a student measures out 10 ml of soil. she adds 20ml of wate to the soil, shakes it up and allows it to sit for 30 seconds. After 30 second she calcs 7ml, of particles. Which is true given info above
70% of sand bc sand weighs the most
increases when bacteria level increases A) BOD b) hardness c) turbidity d) fecal coliform e) phosphates
????
soil compaction
?????
top soil? OABCR
A
underdeveloped nations. A= Developed B= Underdeveloped
A>B bc impact per individual is greater
infer which of the following is most likely to result from destruction of wetlands surrounding a river
An increased frequency of flooding of the river valley
which of the layers of the soil profile would consist of high levels of clay and leached materials? OABCR
B
Parent rock? OABCR
C
Which of the federal laws deal with clean up of abandoned hazardous waste?
CERCLA
has a stronger affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen
CO
is mostly produced by coal power plants and is most probable contributor to global warming
CO2
which of the following best explains why DDT has been found in penguin eggs in Antartica?
Chemicals used in one region of Earth can circulate in the biosphere and affect organisms in a distant region.
Which of the following procedures would b best for remediating the effects of soil salinization? A) Application of broad-spectrum biocides to kill microorganisms B) Application of superphosphate to increase soil fertility C) Addition of clay to increase soil water-holding capacity D) Addition of large amounts of water to leach out salts E) Addition of lime to raise soil pH
D) Addition of large amounts of water to leach out salts
which of the following is the best illustration of tragedy of the commons?
Depletion of fishing stocks in the North Atlantic
Which of the following is an effective alternative to chlorine for disinfecting wastewater in a municipal treatment plant?
E. Ozone
Emitted from most manufactured building materials and furniture.
Formaldehyde
which of the following statements abt genetic diversity is true?
Genetic resistance to pests and diseases can be increased by crossing a crop plant with ancestral varieties
The Gaia hypothesis proposes that: I. the global environment at a global level has been profoundly changed since life appeared on Earth II. life is sacred, and eating meat or animal by-products is immoral
I only
Which of the following is most likely a significant cause of the general trend indicated by the graph? According to the graph, the increase in CO2 concentration, in parts per million, between 1970 and 1990 is closest to
Increase in consumption of fossil fuels 30 ppm
which of the following is most likely to be a direct result of a lack of genetic diversity in a food crop?
Increased susceptibility to plant disease
What best illustrates the pesticide treadmill?
Increased use of pesticides to eradicate genetically resistant pests.
the use of which of the following to control agricultural pests is most likely to have a major impact on an ecosystem?
Lindane, a chlorinated hydrocarbon
As urbanization increase and natural soil surfaces are covered, the groundwater supply is reduced
Loss of recharge areas
Flammable gas in landfills?
Methane
Why is beef production or cattle farming detrimental to soil?
Only A + C???? loss of farm land due to overgrazing + soil compaction leading to erosion and runoff increase
All are toxic except
Potassium
Which has the authority to control hazardous waste from cradle to grave?
RCRA
according to the graph, which of the following would be most effectively slow the loss of arable land?
Reducing urban development
Which of the following best exemplifies global collaboration for a sustainable environ by banning the use of CFCs
The Montreal Protocol
the best type of soil textures for agriculture would be
The ideal soil is considered to be a loam, which is a mix of sand, silt and clay
which of the following components of a wastewater treatment plant is designed to facilitated the decomposition of organic material by aerobic microorganisms
activated sludge tank
most of the available freshwater is used for which of the following
agriculture????????
Composed of fibers known to cause lung disease
asbestos
People in industralized countries are more likely to eat....
beef
which process is shown in the diagram to the right? bioaccumulation grasshopper affect pesticide runoff
biomagnification
An experiment that can be compared to a standard is called a
controlled experiment
which of the following are the three major sources of nutrients and calories for the global human population?
corn, wheat, and rice
distillation and reverse osmosis are methods for which of the following processes?
desalination
Which of the following describes a fundamental characteristic of the green revolution in food resources
development of new strains of crops with higher yields
One distinction between science and religion is
disprovable
Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation?
drip irrigation
Which of the following is NOT important in determining a soil's ability to support plant growth a) soil salinity b) soil aeration c) soil moisture d) all of these e) none
ehhhhh d?
Systems are either open or closed. Earth can be considered the simultaneous functioning of many systems, including its energy and its mass. Ignoring minute exceptions such as meteorites,
energy is an open system; mass is a closed system
best example of point source water pollution
factory effluent
The process of pollutants evaporating from soil and water in warm areas and then condensing & precipitation in the colder region is called a
grasshopper effect
which of the following characteristics of soil would most impede plant growth
high permeability
Spongy, dark brown or black material that remains from a rotting dead log
humus
scientific statement that can be disproven or proven
hypothesis
The development of dangerous strains of disease organisms represents a significant consequences of what agricultural practice?
incorporating antibiotics into the feeding regimens of densely concentrated livestock.
Factors contributing to the rise in world hunger include all except
increasing consumption of vegetable protein in place of meat protein
Found in old plumbing pipes and fixtures and some ceramic glazes
lead
implicated in human neurological damage
lead
which of the following greenhouse gas is also a by-product of anaerobic respiration
methane
which of the following is most likely to minimized soil erosion
no-till agriculture
Leaching is a term that refers to
nutrients or other chemicals being removed from the soil by water percolating through the soil
The major pollutant that electrostatic precipitators are designed to remove from power-plant
particulates
the water holding capacity of soil is least likely to be affected by the addition of which of the following?
pesticide
A chemical spill has occurred on the shore of a lake in an area where the underlying aquifer is widely used as a drinking water supply. The pollutants threaten to flow into both the surface water and the......
pollutants will quickly invade the lake, but will linger longest in the groundwater
Dr. Smith is stressed about waking up----1/100
precise, not accurate
Observation of modern oceans: shows that most areas are characterized by the accumulation of sediment. Rivers and wind carry sand, silt, and clay into the oceans, and eventually to the flat ocean floor. Using this insight, we look......
principle of uniformitarianism
has been implicated as the cause of as much as 15% of lung cancer cases naturally occurring product uranium
radon
underlying issues for environment problems
rapid growth in population
which is not true abt science assumptions
reasoning -> induction
mitigation
restoration of wetlands
Other than sewage from a sewer pipe, what might also change aquatic life?
runoff and oil pollution
which of the following is the usual cause of cultural eutrophication
runoff of nitrate compounds into bodies of water
Which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear-cut?
runoff with increase
Largest sized particles are
sand
which of the following are biological process in the treatment of sewage?
secondary?????
scientists testing factors that lead to growth of tomatoes. independent factor?
soil type
region where protective ozone layer is located
stratosphere
most often cited as the causative factor for acid deposition
sulfur dioxide
an insecticide in an agricultural field is affected by monthly applications of a pesticide, as shown on the graph to the right. a likely cause of the overall increase in the insect population over time is
survival of increasing numbers of resistant insects
which of the following erosion prevention methods would be appropriate for an area with steep slopes?
terracing
What is the environmental significance of a short residence time in terms of pollution?
the pool is quickly polluted, but quickly flushed
observation that is agreed upon by the majority of scientists
theory
Which is responsible for seasons?
tilt of earth's axis of rotation
which constitutes the greatest percent of domestic use of water in USA
toilet flushing
responsible for weather
troposphere
the phenomenon causing global warming occurs primarily in this region of the atmosphere is
troposphere
measurement increases in the presence of sediment pollution?
turbidity????
Major source of radon in houses in USA
underlying bedrock
the premise that the natural forces that are acting today are the same as those that were acting in the past is known as:
uniformitarianism
Which of the following statements describes phytoremediation?
use of plants to absorb and accumulate toxic materials
Integrated waste management employs all EXCEPT
using disposable diapers instead of cloth diapers
the presence of fecal coliform in a sample of a river
water is contaminated with animal waste
