apes o whateva
You are selecting a new dishwater. You do about 150 loads per year. The less efficient model uses 9 gallons per load. The more efficient model uses 6 gallons per load. How much money will be saved on water if you select the more efficient model and the price of water is $0.75 per 1,000 gallons?
$0.34
Haitian farmers are buying mango tree saplings for $10 each, and the full grown trees produce $75 of fruit each year. If a farmer wishes to earn 1,500 per year when the trees are grown, how much will the farmer have to spend on saplings?
$200
An ecosystem has an ecological efficiency of 10 percent. If the producer level contains 10,000 kilocalories of energy, how much energy does the tertiary consumer level contain?
10 kcal
use the figure below to answer the following question what is the difference in life expectancy between developed and developing countries?
10 years
convert 37.5 acres into hectares
15.2
use the figure below to answer the following question what is the percentage of the per capita ecological footprint for a person in China as compared to a person in the United States?
16%
countries such as China have increasing populations that are attaining a middle-class status. This has led to
2/3 of the worlds most polluted cities in China
use the figure below to answer the following question how much greater is India's total ecological footprint than that of Japan?
240
Freshwater accounts for what percent of total water in the world?
3%
Approximately how does the productivity of tropical seasonal forests compare to the productivity of lakes and streams?
300 percent as productive
Rabbits have developed behavioral and physiological strategies to sustain them through periods of environmental stress. Which of the numbered life processes above could be sacrificed without affecting an individual rabbit's survival in periods of extremely poor environmental conditions?
4
You are selecting a new dishwater. You do about 150 loads per year. The less efficient model uses 9 gallons per load. The more efficient model uses 6 gallons per load. How many gallons of water will be saved over the course of one year?
450
use the figure below to answer the following question what percentage of the worlds population is the responsibility of developed countries?
75%
According to the graph, how much dissolved oxygen will there be when the water temperature is 15oC?
9.8 mg/L
The zone that has the greatest biodiversity
A
Which of the following diagrams correctly illustrates the nitrogen cycle?
A
Which of the following best shows the process of evolution?
A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide
Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration over the next 50 years is expected to cause which of the following global changes?
A significant loss of biodiversity in the tropics
Former vicepresident_________shared the Noble peace prize with the IPCC for alerting the world to the reality and dangers of global warming
Al gore
Eutrophication results in the death of trout and other fish as a result of
Asphyxiation from lack of oxygen
A company that produces Brand X flea shampoo claims to have the most effective shampoo for killing fleas. Which of these sets of data supports the Brand X claim?
B
The following graphs describe the fates of a hypothetical population of organisms in which there is variation in color. The arrows represent selective pressures. Which graph represents a stabilizing mode of selection?
B
The zone in which the greatest total mass of CO2 is absorbed from the atmosphere
B
A field is abandoned, and an invasive plant that can live in nutrient-poor soil moves into the field. If the land is later cleared of this invasive species and it is discovered that the soil has an abundance of nitrogen compounds, what conclusion can best be made?
Bacteria in soil and in root nodules converted free nitrogen into nitrogen compounds.
The individual matters in terms of what can be done to help reduce water pollution. All of the following are things we can do, EXCEPT
Buy commercially produced foods
The leading consumer of steel, concrete, coal, wheat, and rice is
China
which country has the world's highest levels of industrial smog because of its heavy reliance on coal?
China
Which is the best description of the two communities shown?
Community 1 has a higher evenness and equal richness to Community 2.
An alpine area of a national park near a trail is normally covered by plants, but much of the area is now bare soil. Park rangers suspect that trampling by hikers has killed the plants. Which of the following will best test the hypothesis?
Comparing plant survivorship in areas where hikers stay on the trail with plant survivorship in the area where hikers leave the trail
which of the following is not a strategy for reducing the threat of climate change?
Continue with current practices
The graph shows average CO2 concentrations during each season for two countries from 2009 to 2010. based on the information in the graph, which statement best explains what the graph shows?
Country B experiences higher levels of spring and summer primary production
Which is a positive externality that results from the construction of a hydroelectric dam?
Creation of valuable lake shoreline that promotes housing and tourism
Desalination is used to supply much of this region with freshwater.
D
This area has the lowest amount of naturally available freshwater per capita.
D
What was the major pollutant that caused these effects?
DDT
which of the following would most likely reduce the concentration of ground level ozone in the air of the city?
Decrease in the emissions of nitrogen oxides
which of the following would be the most likely effect of acid deposition on a northern forest?
Decreased ability of trees to withstand cold weather
A new 450 unit housing development will replace several small farms on the outskirts of Fremont. The development will be composed of ¼ hectare lots with nearly identical footprints, as shown below: Storm water runoff from the new development into nearby Samel Creek will likely lead to which of the following?
Destruction of fish habitats by high levels of suspended solids and sediments
Major anthropogenic sources of nitrogen pollution include commercial fertilizers, vehicle exhaust, industrial air pollution, and
Discharge of sewage to surface waters
The largest hydroelectric dam in the world is located on one of the world's longest rivers in this area.
E
The zone in which species are adapted to the lowest light and the highest pressure
E
This increase of pollutants in the eggs caused what to happen?
Egg shells broken when the adults sat on the eggs, The near extinction of the Bald Eagle and American Alligator, and The population of these top predators were decreasing
Contains an amendment that allows private landowners to modify their property under a habitat conservation plan
Endangered Species Act
which of the following characteristically produces non-point source pollution?
Erosion from agricultural land
changes in a country's economic growth per person are measured by
GDP
Which of these does not describe most developed countries?
High population
The use of nitrogen based fertilizers in the Midwestern United States is a major contributing factor to which of the following?
Hypoxia (low oxygen) in the Gulf of Mexico
Methods used to remove spilled oil from the surface of the ocean include I. Containment boom and oil vacuums II. Chemical dispersants III. Large screens
I and II
Which explains why the distribution of biomass in ecosystems is often structured like a pyramid? I. The second law of thermodynamics II. Low ecological efficiency in natural ecosystems III. Photosynthesis is more efficient than cellular respiration
I and II
atmospheric brown cloud results from the combination of I. primary and secondary pollutants II. PM 2.5 and O3 III. volatile organic compound and O3
I and II
Human construction of buildup and pavement affect the hydrological cycle by I. increasing run-off II. increasing evaporation III. increasing percolation
I and II only
What human activities have affected the phosphorus cycle? I. Creation of fertilizers II. Decline of wetland areas III. Use of dishwashing detergent
I and III
Farmers can sharply reduce fertilizer runoff by I. Using prescribed amounts of fertilizer. II. Fertilizing only sloped areas, but not flat areas. III. Planting legumes (beans) and other nitrogen-fixing plants.
I and III only
Which of the following are suggested to reduce the threats from nonnative species? I. Increase Inspections II. Empty bilge water from vessels in the calm-water ports instead of the more turbulent open ocean III. Use legislation which targets goods and materials which are imported
I and III only
which of the following events has increased impact of humans on the environment? I. advances in technology II. reduced human population growth III. use of tools for hunting
I and III only
Humans have a considerable effect on the hydrologic cycle. Which of the following has a direct effect? I. Deforestation II. Urbanization III. Mining of fossil fuels
I, II, and III
The issue of water ownership is complicated by I. the irregularity of precipitation II. The distance rivers can travel III. Increased demand for water
I, II, and III
What happens to sludge from a sewage treatment plant? I. It can be deposited in a landfill II. It can be incinerated (burned) III. It can be used as a fertilizer
I, II, and III
Which data are used to estimate historic temperatures and carbon dioxide concentrations? I. Air bubbles in ice cores from glaciers II. Thermometers placed around the globe III. CO2 sensors placed around the globe
I, II, and III
which cultural event(s) lead to an increase in article logical footprint? I. Technology/information II. industrial revolution III. agricultural revolution
I, II, and III
What is/are advantages of dams and reservoirs. I. Capture and store runoff and release it as needed. II. Control downstream flooding. III. Can be used to generate electricity.
I, II, and III.
which of the following deals with garrett hardin's big idea I.Easter Island II.The Lorax III. The fishing lab from class
I, II, and III.
the environmental impact of a population on a given area depends on which of the following? I.population size II.technologies III. affluence
I,II, and III
Correct statements about the northern spotted owl include which of the following? I. It is a pioneer species that is an opportunistic feeder. II. It is dependent on mature, old growth forest for its habitat. III. It is a carnivore at or near the top of the food chain.
II and III.
The Dead Sea, which lies on the border between Jordan and Israel, is one of the saltiest lakes on Earth. Suppose you are a geologist exploring the area. What geological factors would you expect to see that might explain this salinity? I. High concentrations of uranium in or around the Dead Sea. II. Lack of outlets for water to escape III. Relatively impermeable soil at the bottom of the lake
II only
Which biogeochemical cycle(s) does NOT have a gaseous component? I. Potassium II. Sulfur III. Phosphorus
III only
A country in Sub-Saharan Africa decided to massively spray the countryside over several months with DDT to rid the country of mosquitoes that were causing large numbers of citizens to contract malaria. Biologists sampled various quadrats for mosquito numbers after the spraying; the results are presented here. Natural selection is chiefly responsible for the section of the graph labeled
III.
prevention approaches to global warming include all the following, except
Increase beef production to strengthen public health
Which of the following describes a potential human health effect most likely to be associated with a thermal inversion?
Increase in respiratory irritation due to increased levels of fine airborne particulates
The most common examples are phosphates and nitrates.
Inorganic plant nutrients
which of the following statements about potential effects of global warming is false?
Insect-borne diseases are likely to decrease in today's temperate zones.
which of these is not a reason for environmental problems?
Knowledge of how nature works
The creature shown is Eohippus, an ancestor of modern horses that was found in jungles. As can be seen in the diagram, Eohippus stood only about 20 cm tall. While modern horses have hooves for running fast in open areas to avoid predators, Eohippus had small toes. What change in the environment of the Eohippus best explains why horses grew larger and faster?
Large, fast saber-toothed cats migrated to their habitat
Which is the correct order of the events leading to cultural eutrophication?
Leaching of nutrients from fertilized agricultural lands, algal bloom, fish die off
Was once widely used in the United States as a gasoline additive
Lead
Which toxic substance can be found in the water of buildings with old plumbing systems? (hint Flint, Michigan)
Lead
In the 1970's, houses were built over a toxic chemical waste disposal site. This case study is known as
Love Canal
NPP is the rate of photosynthesis minus respiration by photosynthesizers. Open oceans produce the largest share of earth's biomass because the net primary productivity (NPP) of the ocean is
Low, but the large expanse of the oceans support enormous numbers of producers such as phytoplankton
Poses a health risk to humans who eat large quantities of marine fish such as swordfish and tuna.
Mercury
Addressed the issue of stratospheric ozone depletion
Montreal Protocol
99% of the volume of gases in the lower atmosphere, listed in greater number first, are
N2, O2, H2O, CO2
refer to the diagram below, what depicts the concentrations of various gases in the air over city on a typical smoggy day. Which of the following best explains the pattern in NO concentration?
NO is produced by rush-hour traffic and is quickly oxidized in the atmosphere
Requires the federal government to produce an environmental impact statement for any construction project funded by the government
National Environmental Policy Act
Which species would be most vulnerable to environmental changes?
Niche Specialists
The major reservoirs of nitrogen and sulfur in the biosphere are correctly identified by which of the following?
Nitrogen: Atmosphere; Sulfur: Rocks
Which list contains terms for lake classification from systems with the lowest primary productivity to systems with the highest primary productivity?
Oligotrophic, mesotrophic, eutrophic
Plastics, oil, cleaning solvents, and gasoline are examples.
Organic Chemicals
Step P. Water is passed through a screen to remove debris. Step Q. Pathogenic organisms are killed by chlorination, UV or ozone Step R. Suspended particles clump and settle out. Step S. A floccing agent (chemicals that cause the formation of large particles), such as alum, is added to the water. The processes described above are steps in the purification and treatment of municipal wastewater. The steps are listed in random order. Which of the following lists the steps in the correct sequence?
P>S>R>Q
Which pollutant best illustrates the effectiveness of legislation?
Pb
What is the biggest concern over the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?
Physical injury to animals and the slow leaching of harmful chemicals from the plastics breaking down
At which trophic level do organisms use a process that produces oxygen as a waste product?
Producers
A gaseous decay product of uranium that is found in rocks
Radon
which of the following practices would have the biggest impact on achieving global sustainability?
Reducing human population size
A laboratory experiment was done to show the effects of organic waste on the dissolved oxygen (DO) content in water. Five tanks were set up, each containing freshwater and a small amount of single celled green algae. Specified amounts of organic waste were added to the tanks. The results below show the amount of DO in each tank after a period of one week. Which of the following would best improve the validity of the experiment?
Repeating the experiment several times and comparing the results
At which trophic level are eagles that consume fish that eat algae?
Secondary consumers
Governments can use four of the following methods to promote solutions to the climate change crisis. Which of the following is not one of those methods?
Shift the production of electricity to developing countries.
Beginning at the lower trophic level, arrange the following food chain found on the Serengeti Plain of Africa in the correct sequence.
Shrubs - gazelle- cheetahs- decomposers
For which of the following reasons do small isolated islands have a greater rate of species extinction than, larger less isolated islands?
Small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources.
All of the following contribute to sediment pollution EXCEPT
Stream bank with large rocks, known as rip-rap
nature reveals 4 basic principles of that could help us to transition to sustainable societies. Which of the following is not one of those principles
Survival of the fittest
Insoluble particles of soil and other solids
Suspended matter
At which trophic level are dragonflies that consume mosquitoes that feed on herbivorous mammals?
Tertiary consumers
Water diversion has significantly reduced the size of
The Aral Sea
Which U.S. legislation empowers the EPA to establish maximum contaminant levels in drinking water?
The Safe Drinking Water Act
Which location has been experiencing greater amounts of acid rain in recent years?
The West Coast of the United States
A laboratory experiment was done to show the effects of organic waste on the dissolved oxygen (DO) content in water. Five tanks were set up, each containing freshwater and a small amount of single celled green algae. Specified amounts of organic waste were added to the tanks. The results below show the amount of DO in each tank after a period of one week. Why did the DO after one week decrease as the amount of waste increased?
The algae multiplied and then died and decomposed
which of the following is true about the clean air act amendment of 1990?
The allowed power plants to buy and sell (cap and trade program) SO2 pollution allowances
A one-hectare pond is sampled in early September. The sample yields 1 small catfish as well as 17 benthic invertebrates that represent 10 species. If The pond is resampled be your leader, which of the following would best indicate that the pond had been adversely affected by adjacent development?
The biodiversity of the pond has decreased
A one hectare pond is sampled in early September. The sample yields 1 small catfish as well as 17 benthic invertebrates that represent 10 species. If the pond is resampled a year later, which of the following would best indicate that the pond had been adversely affected by adjacent development?
The biodiversity of the pond has decreased.
refer to the diagram below, what depicts the concentrations of various gases in the air over city on a typical smoggy day. if technology that reduces the hydrocarbon concentration had been utilized, which of the following would have been the most likely?
The concentration of O3 would have been lower
An experiment was done that measured the Effects of Nitrates on the Growth of Algae.Growth of algae was determined by how well the water transmitted light. The less the light transmission than the greater the algae growth blocking the transmission of light. Looking at the graph what conclusions can you draw about algae growth and nitrates in the water?
The second week they grew best at 200, and the 5th week they grew best at 500
Based on the figure, what can you say about the relationship between the temperature of a continental ecosystem and net primary productivity?
The warmer the ecosystem, the higher the productivity.
A new 450 unit housing development will replace several small farms on the outskirts of Fremont. The development will be composed of ¼ hectare lots with nearly identical footprints, as shown below: Which of the following will be the greatest impact of the development on the local water supply?
There will be less recharge of groundwater
Which of the following is generally true of K strategist species compared to r-strategist species?
They have longer life spans
A laboratory experiment was done to show the effects of organic waste on the dissolved oxygen (DO) content in water. Five tanks were set up, each containing freshwater and a small amount of single celled green algae. Specified amounts of organic waste were added to the tanks. The results below show the amount of DO in each tank after a period of one week. What is the main purpose of the experiment?
To observe the effect of organic waste on DO
A new 450 unit housing development will replace several small farms on the outskirts of Fremont. The development will be composed of ¼ hectare lots with nearly identical footprints, as shown below: One important step that homeowners in the new development can take to protect water quality in Samel Creek would be to
Use rain barrels to reduce the flow of storm water into the creek
Which species has a better ability to adapt to the changing environment?
Water boatman and Whirligig
which of the following is the best example of the tragedy of the commons?
Water pollution from oil rigs concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico
Based on the information shown in the graph, which of the following statements is most likely to be true?
When precipitation varies, streams in watershed II experience the greatest fluctuations in water volume.
Over the past 1 million years of Earth's history, the average trend in Earth's temperature would best be described as
a number of fluctuations varying by a few degrees
Which of the following is an important contributor to both global warming and ozone depletion?
a release of chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere
This diagram is depiction of what typically happens in a river when
a river flows past a point source of organic waste
What best explains why the pH is dropping in the water?
acid deposition
which of the following is a strategy for reducing the effects of acid rain?
adding calcium carbonate to soils
All of the following are commonly used to deal with the side effects of eutrophication in lakes EXCEPT
adding nitrates
In the United States most water is used for
agriculture
A population of rabbits lives in a meadow with a depression that runs through the middle. The depression fills in with water and becomes a river that separates the population into two groups. Over a very long period the two populations develop into entirely different species, no longer capable of reproducing with each other. This is an example of
allopatric speciation
Solutions to environmental problems are not always easy. This is because
any solution has both advantages and disadvantages
coal and heavy oil are burned in large boilers with reasonably good pollution control or with tall smokestacks. what area receives the air pollution from smokestacks?
area downwind from the smokestacks
Composed of fibers known to cause lung disease
asbestos
Plant roots absorb ammonium ions and nitrate ions for use in making molecules such as DNA, amino acids and proteins
assimilation
Some toxic compounds are ingested and retained in the tissues. These pollutants pose special risks to humans and other organisms high on the food chain because of which process?
biomagnification
This diagram is an example of:
biomagnification
point source pollution
can usually be identified within a given area
Which fish species does well in poor water quality?
carp
Drought conditions
cause increased erosion
The basic structure and functional units of life are called
cells
Sedimentation of water
clogs the gills of some aquatic animals
Global warming is most likely to directly cause which of the following?
coastal flooding and submersion of low-lying areas
Exotic species damage ecosystems because they ___
compete with native species for the same resources.
All of the following ways could help to reduce the projected ecological footprint except
continued reliance on current fossil fuels
challenges in the study of environmental science include all of the following except
dangers of studying natural systems
The rapid rate of this process in tropical forests results in low-nutrient soils
decomposition
The oceans absorb between 25%-30% of the CO2, called carbon sink in the lower atmosphere. as the oceans heat up, this absorption
decreases
going from a generalization to a specific conclusion is known as
deductive reasoning
Humans are disrupting the carbon cycle in ways that have resulted in increased levels of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. Which of the following human activities are most directly responsible for this increase?
deforestation and clearing of other plants that absorb CO2 through photosynthesis AND adding large amounts of CO2 by burning fossil fuels and wood
Nitrate ions are nitrite ions are converted into nitrous oxide gas and nitrogen gas (N2).
dentrification
The process by which a soil nutrient is reduced and released to the atmosphere as a gas
dentrification
which of the following human activities is most clearly associated with depletion if the stratospheric ozone layer?
disposal of refrigerators and air conditioners
The annual productivity of any ecosystem is greater than the annual increase in biomass of the herbivores in the ecosystem because
during each energy transformation, some energy is lost.
Which is NOT a measure of biodiversity?
economic diversity
Which of the following ecological concepts includes all the others?
ecosystem
which term describes the ability to do work and transfer heat?
energy
Human health depends on having
enough ozone in the stratosphere and little ozone in the troposphere
the population of the world has been increasing
exponentially
Which law of thermodynamics states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed
first law
" we burn coal to produce electricity to operate a refrigerator" is an example of the______and "if we burn coal to produce electricity to operate a refrigerator, we lose a great deal of energy in the form of heat is an example of the______
first law of thermodynamics, second law of thermodynamics
Effects of pollution might include
fish kills in lakes and streams, spread of a disease from an open dump, destruction of a statue in a city park by acid rain, and being unable to see the top of skyscrapers because of smog
emitted from most manufactured homes, trailers, and furniture
formaldehyde
the "tragedy of the commons" refers to the overuse of
free-access resources
researchers have found that over the last 20 years there are fewer native plants in the alpine meadows of the Rocky Mountains east of Salt Lake City and that the abundance of two species of invasive grasses have increased. Which of the following questions is most appropriate to ask when investigating the cause of the change in the alpine meadow?
has an increase in soil nitrates from air pollution allowed the invasive grasses to outcompete the native plants?
recent studies have found that fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 M or less can have negative human health effects. Which of the following correctly links and negative human health effects twin anthropogenic source of fine particulate matter?
high rates of respiratory disease from power plant emissions
Where do we typically see saltwater intrusions into freshwater aquifers?
in coastal areas
human inputs of outdoor air pollutants occur mostly
in urban areas
Which of the following scenarios is not likely to result from increasing temperatures in the Arctic?
increased melting of sea ice decreases the sea level and leads to more arable land area that can be formed
an experiment was performed to determine the effect of caffeine on the pulse rate of five healthy 18-year-old males. each was given 250 mL of a beverage with or without caffeine. The men had their pulse rates measured before they had the drink (time 0 minutes) and again after they had been sitting at least first 30 minutes after consuming the drink. The results are shown in the following table. After analyzing the results of the experiment, the most appropriate conclusion would be that caffeine
increased the pulse rates of the 18-year-old males tested
The three main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the United States are
industry, transportation, and energy production
what important phenomenon that often plays a role in air pollution episodes is illustrated in the diagram below?
inversion
Fecal coliform bacteria
is used as an indicator of water quality
all of the following statements about the ozone layer is true except for one?
it doesn't protect us from the UV rays of the sun
which of the following is true of the ogallala aquifer?
it underlies the United States High Plains and is depleted by overuse
all of the following are examples of sustainability except
land development
which of the following represents the greatest contribution of methane emissions to the atmosphere?
landfills
Which of the following is considered a biological indicators of air pollution?
lichens
the presence of which of the following in the soul is most likely to neutralize the acid rain?
limestone (calcium carbonate)
Birds are considered good indicator species because they:
live in every biome
particulate matter can increase global warming by
lowering surface albedo
Sick Building Syndrome is linked to all of the following, except
lung cancer
which of the following is a part of positive feedback mechanism is associated with global climate change?
melting of Arctic sea ice
Ground level ozone in most major United States cities results primarily from
motor vehicle exhaust
Natural capital consist of___and natural services
natural resources
When leaf litter inputs to the stream decrease, the amount of fish and insect biomass leaving the downstream section decreases by a similar amount. This represents
negative feedback loop
Ammonia is converted to nitrite, then to nitrate
nitrification
what is the most common gas in the earth's atmosphere
nitrogen
The atmosphere is 78% N2 (atmospheric nitrogen), but living organisms can't use nitrogen until
nitrogen-fixing bacteria make it available to plants
Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of a system refers to the amount of energy
obtained through photosynthesis minus the amount lost as heat through cellular respiration
an example of the tragedy of the commons would be
offshore clam beds in public areas depleted below replenishment levels by overfishing
which of the following best explains why it is predicted that ozone depletion over the poles will be at its worst between 2010 and 2019?
ozone-depleting chemicals produced before their use was banned will take that long to reach peak concentrations in the stratosphere
Respiratory illnesses in developing countries are most likely to be caused by
particulate matter
Amoebic dysentery, with severe diarrhea a common symptom, is caused by this pollutant class.
pathogens
The process in which glucose is synthesized by plants
photosynthesis
harmful chemicals emitted directly into the air from natural processes and human activities are called
primary pollutants
An environmentally sustainable society
provides it population with adequate and equitable access to resources, does not compromise access of future generations to basic needs, lives off its natural income of renewable resources, and does not negrade its natural capital
a leading cause of lung cancer in the united states
radon
Primary treatment in a sewage treatment plant is designed to
remove solids from wastewater
Which of the following is not a type of organic biological molecule?
salts
based on the data table above for a stream in Illinois, which site most likely had a construction site immediately upstream from it?
site C
A one-hectare pond is sampled in early September. The sample yields 1 small catfish as well as 17 benthic invertebrates that represent 10 species. Which of the following can be estimated from the sample for the invertebrates in the pond?
species richness
of the following, which is true of noise pollution?
sudden or persistent noise may lead to permanent hearing lost
Acid rain results when humans put excess amounts of ___ into the atmosphere.
sulfur
phytoplankton are most abundant in the upper few hundred feet of most bodies of water because
sunlight does not penetrate to great depths in water
Which ecosystem is the most productive?
swamps and marshes
Which is NOT related to geographic isolation?
sympatric speciation
when the effects of the combined processes are greater than the individual effects, this is known as
synergistic
A student wants to study the effect of temperature on algae levels in a local stream. The independent variable of this experiment would be
temperature of the water
scientist try to reduce errors in their observations and measurements by
testing measuring devices against known samples, repeating measurements several times and taking the average value, reducing bias, and using standard procedures
The real prices of goods and services do not include
the environmental costs of resource users
which of the following is true about the earth's atmosphere known as the stratosphere?
the highest concentration of naturally occurring ozone forms in this layer
what is the primary difference between renewable resources and nonrenewable resources
the length of time it takes for them to be replenished
Which of the following carbon reservoirs is the largest?
the ocean waters
The healthiest aquatic ecosystem can most likely be found at
the points labeled "A" and "E"
an idea that has been tested widely, is supported by extensive evidence, and is excepted by most scientist in a particular field of study, is called a
theory
One of the reasons the vortex winds in the Antarctic are important in the formation of the hole in the ozone layer is
they prevent warm, ozone-rich air from mixing with cold, ozone-depleted air
The correct sequence of layers of the atmosphere from innermost to outermost is
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
which of the following is an example of reuse?
using plastic butter tubs to store leftovers
