APES Practice Exam
A country has a crude birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 8 per 1,000 the natural annual percent increase of population is
1.6%
The half- life of radon gas is approximately four days. Four weeks after the introduction of radon into a sealed room, the fraction of the orginal amount remaining is closest to
1/128
The total number of cars in the United States in 2007 was closet to
150,000,000
The population doubling time in years for a country with an annual growth rate of 3.5 percent is
20
The approximate increase in consumption from 1986-1997
20%
The gross annual primary productivity for an ecosystem with 8,000 kcal/m^2 per year and a respiration of aquatic producers is 12,000 kcal/m^2 per year is
20,000
The estimated consumption rate in 1997 was at 2,000 billion barrels of oil in
75 years
The approximate concentration for CO2, N2, and O2, in dry air is
<1% of CO2 N2 78% O2 21%
With no atmosphere the Earth's surface temperature would be approximately -15C with our present atmosphere it is +15C this is due to the
Absorption of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases.
When scientists discover the existence of an emerging infectious disease such as SARS they must take immediate steps to determine the cause of the disease and the method of transmission by
Acquiring recent medical and travel histories of the disease victims
By the year 2050, world's population is expected to approach 10 billion, the region of the world will most likely experience the majority of the growth is
Africa and Asia
The region of the world regions contain the greatest area of rain forest is
Brazil and Indonesia
greenhouse gas that is produced by domestic livestock
CH4
The Act that mandates the restoration and maintenance of the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nations waters is
Clean Water Act
The human activities most closely associated with depletion of stratospheric ozone layer is
Disposal of refrigerators and air conditioners
Five Islands which differ in distance from the mainland, area, and species diversity the island with the highest species diversity would be
Island B which is 50 kilometers away from the mainland and 1x 10^6 hestares long.
The chemical used to control agricultural pests is most likely to have a negative and persistent impact on an ecosystem is
Lindane, a chlorinated hydocarbon
The city with the following worst level of photochemical smog that is enhanced by thermal inversions
Los Angeles, California
The location where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary is
North American Plate and Eurasian Plate
When one tectonic plate is being forced beneath another, creating a volcanic arc is
Pacific Plate
the intraplate location where hot-spot volcanism occurs is
Pacific Plate
Integrated pest-management approach to pest control emphasizes
Reduction of crop damage to an economically tolerable level.
It would reduce global greenhouse emissions if
Replacing coal-burning power plants with wind farms
The Act that establishes cradle-to-grave tracking of hazardous waste is
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
The Act that requires minimum safety standards for community water supplies is
Safe Drinking Water Act
The overuse of groundwater in coastal areas is most closely associated with the depletion of
Saltwater intrusion
The country with the largest proven reserves of strategic metals such as manganese, chromium, and platinum is
South Africa
The layer of the atmosphere which is beneficial to the ozone is
Stratosphere
The production of electricity in conventional nuclear power plants using fission reactors is
Thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy and then to electrical energy, as in coal-burning power plants
The maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded because
Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested.
The layer of the Earth's atmosphere with the most oxygen is the
Troposphere
global warming occurs primarily in the
Troposphere
The measure of the amount of suspended material in water is
Turbidity
The first law of Thermodynamics is
a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change is neither created nor destroyed, but merely changed from one form to another.
Smoke from forest fires is most likely to affect air quality over larger areas for many days when
a persistent atmospheric inversion exists in the region.
An important contributor to both global warming and ozone depletion is
a release of chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere
Alligators in a Florida lake polluted by high levels of Dioxins (chlorinated hydrocarbons) had low testosterone levels and failed to reproduce scientist came to the conclusion dioxin was
an endocrine disruptor
To reduce threat posed by exotic species to native species there would be
an increasing inspection of goods coming into a country and enforcing legislation that restricts imported material such as untreated wooden packing crates.
A home uses ten-100-watt light bulbs for five hours per day is means
approximately 1,825 kilowatt-hours of electrical energy are consumed in one year by using lightbulbs
The chemical composed of fibers known to cause lung disease is
asbestos
The chemical emitted from most manufactured building materials and furniture is
asbestos
Passive solar heating is
based in part on the principle of the greenhouse effect.
In the majority of less developed countries, the major source of energy for domestic use is when
biomass
The chemical that is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally occurring decay product of uranium is
carbon monoxide
An advantage of using natural gas, rather than oil, as a fuel is that natural gas is
cleaner because it burns more completely.
The three sources supply the majority of commercial energy is
coal, oil, and natural gas
Global warming is most likely to directly cause
coastal flooding and submersion of low-lying areas.
Two species of Paramecium were grown together in the same medium
competitive exclusion
Carbon as it cycles in nature is
concentrated in igneous rock.
The three major sources of nutrients and calories for the global human population is
corn, wheat, and rice
Factors that affect the total fertility rate of human population are
cultural traditions, Government policies and economic incentives, education level and economic opportunities for females
Sustainable use of forests in the United States would likely be encouraged by
cutting small groups of medium- and large sized trees in uneven-aged forests
Recycling should
decrease taxes on recycled material
The consumption of mosquitoes by bats and the control of flooding provided by tropical forest in mountainous areas of Central America are examples of
ecosystem services
The major goal of the program begun in 1995 to reintroduce the gray wolf into Yellowstone National Park
enable the removal of the gray wolf from the endangered species list
Overgrazing of grassland can lead to reduced range quality. Two of the major effects of overgrazing are
erosion and desertification
warmer atmosphere includes the
expanded ranges of tropical diseases, more intense hurricanes and typhoons, and an increase crop damage from pests and diseases.
Ticks are vectors for various diseases. The Ticks acquire the disease causing organisms
from feeding on host animals
The economic approach if including external costs in the price of goods and services is a
full-cost pricing
During El Nino-Southern Oscillation event the eastern part of the tropical Pacific Ocean has
high sea surface temperature and high rainfall
The recent fertility rate for women in the United States has declined in recent years to a value below replacement level the United States population is still increasing because
immigration
A common characteristic of lakes undergoing cultural eutrophication is
increase levels of plant nutrients
When logging is carries out in a watershed, a likely effect on the local streams is
increased water temperature
in a river ecosystem, dissolved oxygen concentrations drop quickly downstream from a point-source input of organic matter into the river this effect is due to
increasing bacterial activity as turbidity increase
Rachel Carson's contributions to the environmental movement by
increasing public awareness of the risks of using pesticides
The three main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the United States are
industry. transportation, and energy production
item 68 was not scored
item 68 was not scored
Three common methods employed in the cleanup of oil spills is
large floating booms, skimmer boats, and genetically engineered bacteria
The chemical found in old plumbing pipes and fixtures and some ceramics is
lead
Abiotic components of the environment that affect biotic components of the environment.
low phosphorus content in soil limits the growth of vegetation.
Ground-level ozone in most major United States cities results primarily from
motor-vechicle exhaust.
Lakes that are characterized by high water clarity and low concentration of dissolved nutrients are classified as
oligotrophic
ozone is
only a pollutant in the troposphere, it filters out most of the UVC radiation in the stratosphere
The primary concentration of carbon dioxide increases after a rain forest is slashed and burned because
oxidation of carbon dioxide
it is predicted that ozone depletion over the poles will be at its worst between 2010 and 2019 because
ozone depletion chemicals produced before their use was banned will take that long to reach peak concentrations in the stratosphere
The greatest amount of fresh water is found in
polar ice caps and glaciers
A strategy to decrease the landfill volume of packaging material from food and other consumer products, the most energy efficient is
promoting the use of reusable containers for consumer goods
In typical forest ecosystems, dead trees and fallen trees are most important by
providing habitats for wildlife
the transition from a rural to an urbanized society is
reduced birth rates
The way for the government to encourage efficient energy use is
requiring higher fuel economy standards for new cars.
To increase both the nutrient levels and the bacterial content of lake water
runoff from a nearby hog farm
The most municipal solid waste in the united States is disposed of in
sanitary landfills
Soil indicated on the soil triangle would most likely have the highest water- holding capacity
soil c 100% clay
As a population begins to experience an explosive increase in growth the stage of the demographic transition shown above is
stage 2
Noise pollution can
suddenly or persistent noise may lead to permanent hearing loss.
The most populous countries in the world are China, India, and
the United States
Population momentum is
the continued growth of a population after fertility drops to replacement level
Pollution is considered an external cost when
the cost to the environment is not reflected in the price of the products that produce the pollution
Biological diversity is
the genetic variation within each species and number of species present.
The factors that indicate the quality of life of a country's population is
the life expectancy and the infant mortality rate
In a cost-benefit analysis of the risks associated with an environmental hazard involving human health and safety is not typically taken into account is
the long term value and peace of mind to society resulting for a cleaner, healthier environment
Acid deposition would most likely effect
the release of aluminum ions from soil
losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by
the second law of thermodynamics
Point-source pollution is
the smokestock emissions from a large smelting company.
An insect population in an agricultural field is affected by monthly applications of a pesticide, over time the insect population will show
the survival of increasing number of resistant insects.
The process in the hydrologic cycle in which water vapor is release from leaves into the atmosphere is called
transpiration
graph unable describe
unable to describe
heat-island effect is
urban areas trap more heat that rural areas do
A sustainable society would emphasize the
using of energy efficiently, reusing, and recycling matter.
When large forest area is fragmented into small forest tracts separated by agricultural areas
which decrease in the gene flow within species of original forest
