apes unit 1 test

Based on the diagram above, which of the following processes reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? A Photosynthesis B Cellular respiration C Decomposition D Burning of fossil fuels

A

The diagrams above show an area that was once a pasture that has since undergone changes to the vegetation over time. Which of the following changes in the hydrologic cycle is most likely to occur as a result of the change in vegetation in the area? A Increased infiltration B Increased runoff C Decreased transpiration D Decreased precipitation

A

This biome is characterized by long dry seasons and is dominated by grasses, shrubs, and grazing animals. A Savanna B Boreal forest C Tropical rain forest D Desert

A

Acidity Turbidity Hardness Dissolved oxygen Salinity Caused by suspended particulates A Acidity B Turbidity C Hardness D Dissolved oxygen E Salinity

B

Which of the following best helps to explain why phosphorus is often a limiting factor in many ecosystems? A There is usually a gaseous phase in the phosphorus cycle. B Phosphorus cycles very quickly through environments. C Under many conditions, phosphorus forms stable insoluble compounds. D Phosphate is not readily taken up by plants. E There are no anthropogenic sources of phosphorus.

C

How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to the net increase in atmospheric carbon? A Photosynthesis is reduced by virtue of increased smoke and haze. B Carbon released by the burning is not in a form that can be readily absorbed by plants, leaving residual carbon in the atmosphere. C Carbon that has been sequestered underground is added to the carbon cycling between the atmosphere and the biosphere. D Carbon released by the burning is more easily absorbed in the atmosphere than that produced by natural means. E Carbon released by the burning increases plant growth, producing more carbon for the atmosphere.

B

In a typical forest ecosystem, dead trees and fallen trees are most important because of their role in which of the following? A Providing a valuable source of timber B Providing habitats for wildlife C Contributing to soil erosion D Increasing water runoff E Removing carbon dioxide from the air

B

Phytoplankton are most abundant in the upper few hundred feet of most bodies of water because A they can most readily hide from predators there B sunlight does not penetrate to great depths in water C as primary producers, they must be accessible to many other organisms D they are benthic organisms E they feed on zooplankton, which are found only in the top layers of water

B

The thick forest of this biome tends to be well adapted to short growing seasons. A Temperate grassland B Taiga C Tropical rainforest D Tundra

B

Which of the following best describes soil in many tropical rain forests? A They lack soil horizons. B They are quickly depleted nutrients when the forest is removed. C They are similar to soils in grasslands. D They are well suited for growing a wide variety of crops. E They are deep and well drained.

B

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles is correctly paired with its largest reservoir? A The hydrologic cycle and living things B The nitrogen cycle and the atmosphere C The phosphorus cycle and bacteria D The carbon cycle and glaciers

B

Based on the diagram above, which process most directly results in the storage of carbon as coal and oil over millions of years? A Photosynthesis B Cellular respiration C Decomposition D Burning of fossil fuels

C

This biome has the highest net primary productivity, in part because of consistently warm temperatures and abundant sunlight. A Temperate grassland B Taiga C Tropical rainforest D Tundra

C

This biome is warm and wet, with little seasonal variation in temperature and frequent precipitation. A Savanna B Boreal forest C Tropical rain forest D Desert

C

Which of the following is the best explanation for why there is such a small amount of phosphorus that moves into aquatic systems? A Phosphorus is highly stable in the atmosphere and remains there for long periods of time. B The amount of phosphorus in the cycle has been greatly reduced because of the use of catalytic converters in automobiles. C There is not a gaseous phase of the phosphorus cycle, and therefore the movement of phosphorus into oceanic reservoirs is very slow. D The phosphorus cycle occurs so rapidly that it does not exist in any one reservoir for a very long time.

C

Which of the following pathways indicate how nitrogen is added to the largest nitrogen reservoir? A Nitrifying bacteria and lightning B Decomposing plant and animal material C Denitrifying bacteria and volcanic activity D Nitrates taken up by plant roots

C

The major biological source of dissolved oxygen in the ocean comes from A decomposition of organic sediments on the ocean floor B metabolic processes of coral in reefs C oxidation of sulfur by bacteria in ocean vent communities D photosynthesis by phytoplankton E respiration by zooplankton

D

The underlying subsoil of this biome is permafrost, which prevents both water draining through and deep-rooted plants from growing. Additionally, there is very little precipitation per year. A Temperate grassland B Taiga C Tropical rainforest D Tundra

D

This biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year-round. A Savanna B Boreal forest C Tropical rain forest D Desert

D

Which letter correctly identifies the part of the hydrologic cycle that is most directly affected by impervious building materials, such as concrete and asphalt? A A B B C C D D

D

Which of the following biomes is best characterized as an area that forms the narrow band along the coast that experiences a range of environmental conditions (including daily changes in sunlight, temperature, and water) ? A Open ocean B Lakes C Coral reefs D Intertidal zones

D

Which of the following major storage reservoirs of carbon, stored in the form of carbon dioxide, is not represented in this diagram? A Algae B Soil bacteria C The Moon D The ocean

D

Which process in the nitrogen cycle releases nitrogen gas into the atmosphere? A Leaching of fertilizers from agricultural areas B Assimilation of soil nitrates by plants C Bacteria fixation of nitrogen in soil D Denitrification of soil nitrates by bacteria

D

Which of the following world regions contain the greatest area of rain forest? A Canada and the United States B Eastern and Western Europe C Russia and China D Australia and New Zealand E Brazil and Indonesia

E

Which of the following statements is true of aquatic biomes? A Freshwater and marine biomes are evenly distributed on Earth. B Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water. C Freshwater biomes supply a greater portion of Earth's oxygen than marine biomes. D Marine biomes include streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes.

b