APES UNIT 1 test

A temperate grassland biome has a gross primary productivity of 3,480kilocalories/meter2/year3,480kilocalories/meter2/year and a net primary productivity of 2,000kilocalories/meter2/year2,000kilocalories/meter2/year. Which of the following is the approximate number of kilocalories/meter2/yearkilocalories/meter2/year available to herbivores in that biome?

200kilocalories/meter^2/year

What is a sub tropical desert?

A Byam prevailing at approximately 30° north and 30° south with hot temperatures, extremely dry conditions and sparse vegetations

What is a temperate seasonal forest?

A Byam with warm summers and cold winters with over 1m (39 inches) Of precipitation annually. Very productive

What is a tropical seasonal/savanna?

A bio marked by warm temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons. Low precipitation -> Constrain's plants from using soil nutrients that are released

What is Woodland/shrubland?

A biome characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, rainy Winters. Souls in this biome are low in nutrients

What is a tropical rain forest?

A biome that is warm and wet that lies within approximately 20° north and 20° south of the equator. Precipitation occurs frequently, little seasonal variation, contain more biodiversity per hectare than any other seasonal biome

What is a temper it rainforest?

A coastal biome typified by moderate temperatures and high precipitation

What is boreal forest?

A forest biome made up primarily of coniferous evergreen trees that can tolerate cold winters and short growing seasons

What is a sink?

A place that absorbs carbon

What is a reservoir?

A place where carbon is stored

What is algal bloom?

A rapid increase in the algal population of a waterway

What percentage of carbon makes up the human body?

About 20%

What is a habitat?

An area where particular species lives in nature

What is an aquatic biomes?

And aquatic region characterized by a particular combination of salinity, depth and water flow

What is permafrost?

And impermeable, permanently frozen layer of soil

Which of the following types of organisms are required to complete the nitrogen cycle, including the process of denitrification?

Bacteria

What three elements play important roles and regulating cellular processes and transmitting signals between cells?

Calcium magnesium and potassium (all three can be dissolved in water as positively charged ions)

What are climate characteristics of a boreal forest?

Call temperatures, low precipitation and nutrient poor soil

What is tundra?

Called entry list by them with low growing vegetation

This rate of reaction can be measured in the dark by determining the amount of oxygen gas consumed and a period of time

Cell resp

Where are tropical rain forest found?

Central and south America, Africa, south east Asia and northeastern Australia

Where is Woodland/shrubland found ?

Coast of Southern California, southern South America, Southwest Australia, southern Africa

What is the most significant human alteration of the carbon cycle?

Combustion of fossil fuels

Biome found in shallow waters off the coast line and his earths most biologically diverse marine biome

Coral reefs

What can leaching of potassium lead to?

Deficient soil second strain the growth of plants and animals

Where are temperate seasonal forests found?

Eastern US, Japan, China, Europe, Chile and East Australia

What is a terrestrial biomes?

Geographic region Categorized by a particular combination of average annual temperature, annual precipitation and distinctive plant growth forms on land

The total rate of photosynthesis in a given area

Gross primary productivity

What is the energy available to consumers determined by subtracting the energy used by plants from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis?

Net primary productivity

How many Biomes are within the three categories?

Nine

What are the five transformations of nitrogen that occurred in the nitrogen cycle?

Nitrogen fix ation, nitrification, assimilation, mineralization, denitrification

What are the macro nutrients?

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulfur

This biome contains a nutrient rich environment created by falling leaves and trapped organic materials from the large trees and provides the ecosystem service of filtering pollutants from water

Rivers

What is mineralization?

The process by which fungal and bacterial decomposers breakdown the organic matter found him dead bodies and waste products and convert into inorganic compounds

What is ammonification?

The process by which fungal and bacterial decomposers breakdown the organic nitrogen found him dead bodies and waste products and convert it into an organic ammonium

What is assimilation?

The process by which producers incorporate elements into their tissues

What is nitrogen fixation?

The process that converts nitrogen gas in the same atmosphere into forms of nitrogen that producers can use

What is transpiration?

The release of water from leaves during photosynthesis

What is the leaching?

The transportation of dissolved molecules through the soil be a ground water

Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest in the primary productivity?

Tropical rain forest

Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest primary productivity per unit area?

Tropical rainforest

What are the three categories of terrestrial biomes?

Tundra & boreal forest, temperature, tropical

Where are temperate grassland/cold desert biomes found?

Great plains of North America, South America, central Asia and eastern Europe

What is an example of how humans can alter the hydrologic cycle?

Harvesting trees from a forest can reduce evapotranspiration by reducing plant biomass

How does the hydrologic cycle work?

Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate from oceans, lakes and soil's. Solar energy also provides The energy photosynthesis, during which plants release water from their leaves

What is a limiting nutrient?

I nutrient required for the growth of an organism but available in the lower quantity than other nutrients

What is temperate grassland/cold desert?

I'll Byam characterized by cold, harsh winters and hot, dry summers

Energy is transferred a long food chains from one stage to the next. What statement best explains how the energy is transferred?

If a primary producers stores 10,000 K Khalif energy then tertiary consumer will have 10 K Cal of energy available

What are pools?

Keep track of the movement of matter in biogeochemical cycles we refer to the components that contain the matter (including air, water l, and organisms)

What does hypoxic mean?

Low in oxygen

Where are subtropical desert found?

Mojave desert, Sahara, Arabian desert, Victoria desert

Where are tropical seasonal forest/savannas found?

Much of Central America, the Atlantic coast of South America, southern Asia, North Western Australia and sub-Saharan Africa

What is a macro nutrient?

One of six key elements that organisms need and relatively large amounts

What element causes algal blooms and can alter plant communities?

Phosphorus

What element do organisms need for many biological processes? And is a major component of DNA, RNA and ATP?

Phosphorus

What are flows?

Processes that move matter between pools

How does the carbon cycle work?

Producers photosynthesize on land or in the water they take in CO2 and incorporate carbon into their tissues some of this carbon is return to see you too and organisms respire. When an organism dies carbon that was part of the live biomass pool becomes part of the dead buy a mess pool. Decomposers breakdown the dead material which then return CO2 to the water or air via respiration and continues the cycle

What best describes the flow of energy in most terrestrial and near surface marine ecosystems?

Producers use energy from the sun to make organic matter, such as sugars, from carbon dioxide and water and then are consumed by organisms higher in the food chain

What happens if evapotranspiration decreases?

Runoff or percolation will increase

The majority of the nitrogen on earth can be found in which of the following reservoirs?

Soil bacteria

What is evapotranspiration?

The combined amount of evaporation and transpiration

What is nitrification?

The conversion of ammonia into nitrite and then in to nitrate

What is denitrification?

The conversion of nitrate in a series of steps into the gas is nitrous oxide and eventually nitrogen gas which is admitted into the atmosphere

What are terrestrial biomes defined by?

The dominant plant growth forms

Which of the following describes the most likely change to terrestrial biomes resulting from warmer average global temperatures?

The global distribution of mid latitude biomes such as grassland and temperature in rainforest would increase

What is the carbon cycle?

The movement of carbon around the biosphere

What are biogeochemical cycles?

The movement of matter within and between ecosystems

What is the nitrogen cycle?

The movement of nitrogen around the biosphere

What is the phosphorus cycle?

The movement of phosphorus around the biosphere

What is the sulfur cycle?

The movement of sulfur around the biosphere (The sulfur cycle also has a gaseous component)

What is the hydrologic cycle?

The movement of water through the biosphere

What is a major source of phosphorus in waterways?

The use of household detergents

And example of resource partitioning in an ecosystem

Two different bird species feed from the same oak tree. One eats acorns and the other eats insects in the bark

What best describes a terrestrial ecosystem that will have the highest not primary productivity?

Warm temperatures high rainfall and consistent sunlight

What is the primary agent responsible for dissolving and transporting the chemical elements necessary for living organisms?

Water

What is runoff?

Water that moves across the land surface and into streams and rivers

What is a dead zone?

When oxygen concentration to become so low that it kills fish and other aquatic animals