APES Unit 2 AP Classroom

Algae in an aquatic food chain convert solar energy into 93,000 kilocalories of plant tissue. Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for primary consumers in the food chain?

9,300 kilocalories

Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct?

A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.

Which letter correctly identifies a process of the hydrologic cycle in which the phase of water is changed from a liquid to a gas?

B

Answer D for the chart

Correct. Each species has 10 individuals, so this community has the highest species evenness and therefore the highest biodiversity since species richness is the same for all options. Biodiversity is determined by species richness (more species equals more diversity) and species evenness (the more evenly distributed the number of individuals of each species is, the more diversity in the community). All options have 5 species and 50 individuals total and vary only by number of individuals of each species.

Which letter correctly identifies the part of the hydrologic cycle that is most directly affected by impervious building materials, such as concrete and asphalt?

D

Based on the diagram above, which process most directly results in the storage of carbon as coal and oil over millions of years?

Decomposition

This biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year-round.

Desert

The table above shows the balanced chemical equations that represent three processes that are part of the nitrogen cycle. Which of the following is exemplified by the equations above?

Each biogeochemical cycle demonstrates the conservation of matter.

Which of the following best explains how environmental stressors, such as wildfires, can affect biodiversity in an ecosystem?

Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity.

Algae in an aquatic food chain convert solar energy into 93,000 kilocalories of plant tissue. Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for secondary consumers in the food chain?

930 kilocalories

Which of the following best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem?

Energy is harnessed by producers, and available energy decreases with each trophic level transfer.

Scientists calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. Both forests have the same gross primary productivity. Forest AA has a net primary productivity of 1,650kcal/m2/year1,650kcal/m2/year, and forest BB has a net primary productivity of 1,110kcal/m2/year1,110kcal/m2/year.

Forest AA producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest BB producers.

Which of the following best describes gross primary productivity in an ecosystem?

Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

The diagrams above show an area that was once a pasture that has since undergone changes to the vegetation over time. Which of the following changes in the hydrologic cycle is most likely to occur as a result of the change in vegetation in the area?

Increased infiltration

Which of the following biomes is best characterized as an area that forms the narrow band along the coast that experiences a range of environmental conditions (including daily changes in sunlight, temperature, and water) ?

Intertidal zones

Which of the following best describes a symbiotic relationship?

Intestinal bacteria inhabit the gut of humans.

Which of the following best describes the net primary productivity of an ecosystem?

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

Based on the data shown in the graph, when would the species richness of the ecosystem have been the lowest?

One to four years after the volcanic eruption

Which of the following would best describe X in the diagram above?

Phosphorus and nitrogen are both required for plant growth.

Which of the following major storage reservoirs of carbon, stored in the form of carbon dioxide, is not represented in this diagram?

Photosynthesis

Raccoons eat a variety of foods and can live in a variety of habitats, including locations near humans. Tiger salamanders eat an abundance of worms and insects and require wetland habitats so they do not dry out. Which of the following best identifies the two different species?

Raccoons are generalists, and salamanders are specialists.

Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following best describes how ecologists could determine when this ecosystem is approaching a climax community?

Record the number and type of producers present every year after the eruption

Salamanders, ospreys, snapping turtles, and beavers all live in aquatic habitats. Salamanders lay their eggs in small freshwater pools and feed on insects. Osprey habitats include rivers, bays, and swamps and the birds feed on fish and other animals in the water or on land. Snapping turtles live in fresh or brackish water and feed on plants, fish, frogs, and snakes. Beavers build lodges on islands, pond banks, and lake shores and eat a variety of shrubs, grasses, and crops. Based on the information provided above, which of the following species would best be classified as a specialist?

Salamanders

This biome is characterized by long dry seasons and is dominated by grasses, shrubs, and grazing animals.

Savanna

In the nitrogen cycle illustrated above, nitrification occurs in which of the following steps?

Step 3

Which of the following best explains why terrestrial trophic pyramids usually do not have levels higher than tertiary consumers?

Tertiary consumers are the largest organisms in an ecosystem and require the most space to survive.

In a fish species, the number of eggs that hatch and survive for one year varies depending on the number of eggs that were produced. As the number of eggs produced increases past a threshold number, the survival rate of the offspring decreases. Which of the following statements best explains why only a limited number of offspring can survive in a fish population?

The chance of survival decreases when there is intraspecific competition for resources among surviving yearlings.

Which of the following major storage reservoirs of carbon, stored in the form of carbon dioxide, is not represented in this diagram?

The ocean

Which of the following is the best explanation for why there is such a small amount of phosphorus that moves into aquatic systems?

There is not a gaseous phase of the phosphorus cycle, and therefore the movement of phosphorus into oceanic reservoirs is very slow.

This biome is warm and wet, with little seasonal variation in temperature and frequent precipitation.

Tropical rain forest