APES ~ Unit 4 Chapter 7

Write an equation to mathematically describe the relationship between the birth rate, death rate, emigration rate, immigration rate, and rate of population change.

(Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration) = Population Change in a given year

Summarize the problems associated with a baby boom and a declining population.

As its population declines, there will be fewer adults working and paying taxes to support an increasing elderly population. Baby boomers create changes in population dynamics as they move through the age structure. They create competition for jobs, dominate demands for goods and services and have political control. As they age their needs become a burden to the baby bust generation (genration x). Echo-boom generation 1977-2000 largest generation ever; It would cause a population decline as they die off.

List at least three factors that affect birth and fertility rates and three factors that affect death rates.

Birth and Fertility Rates: 1.) Average level of education and affluence (high education = Low TFR) 2.) Importance of children as part of the labor force 3.) Educational and employment opportunities for women Death Rates: 1.) Access to clean drinking water 2.) Availability of Medicine 3.) Levels of infectious diseases

Using population age structure diagrams, explain how the age structure of a country creates population growth momentum.

Countries with large populations of pre reproductive individuals can expect large growth in population in the future, if death rates remain fixed. (Diagram with a wide base). Diagrams with generally straight up and down shapes represent an even distribution of pre reproductive, reproductive and post reproductive individuals. Countries like this will have a steady population in the future. Countries that have a large number of older people past their reproductive years can expect a decline in population (reverse pyramid shape).

Compare and evaluate the population policies of India and China. Summarize what we have learned from decades of trying to influence human population growth.

India has tried to limit their population but has not been successful. Indians still believe that they need several children for work and care, but they don't use birth control because it decreases their chance of birthing a male. However, China has successfully cut their birth rate in half due to a strongly enforced government program. Couples that only have one child receive many rewards from the government for that child. Reducing high birth rates leads to a slower population growth.

Emigration Rate

The number of people leaving a country in a given year per 1000 people

Compare rates of population growth in developed countries and developing countries, Explain the difference you can find. Give three specific countries (6 total) that represent developing and developed.

Population growth in less developed countries is much higher than those in more developed countries because LDC's have less access to birth control, more uneducated women, and higher economic benefits of children Developed Countries: 1.) United States 2.) Australia 3.) Canada Developing Countries: 1.) Nigeria 2.) Guatemala 3.) Saudi Arabia

Summarize the changes over time in the USA population growth rate. Give reasons for the high rate of teen pregnancy in the USA compared to the rate in other industrialized countries.

The U.S. population growth rate increased rapidly during 1946 and 1964. It's now declined below or at replacement level. American teenagers have a higher birthrate that other developed countries because they're proportionally less abortions, less contraceptive use, and having multiple partners.

Summarize the current attitudes toward immigration policy in the USA.

The U.S. wants to slow legal and illegal immigration to slow population growth; Often take jobs natives won't do; They increase the supply of available goods; They boost economy by buying goods; They pay taxes; Work for lower wages and take jobs from Natives; States bear the costs and the federal government collects all the taxes; Laws to catch illegal immigrants do not work

Infant Mortality Rate

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

Contrast generation X and Y. What is your generation called?

X- before the 1980s but after the Baby Boomers Y- or Millennials, typically thought of as those born between 1984 and 1996 I'm generation Z.

Explain why infant mortality rate is considered a good indicator of quality of life.

t's a good indicator of quality of life because it reflects a country's general level of nutrition and health care.

Death Rate (Crude Death Rate)

the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals in one year

Birth Rate (Crude Birth Rate)

the number of live births per 1,000 individuals in one year

Immigration Rate

the number of new arrivals in a country in a given year per 1000 people