APES Unit 5 Study Guide

A group of students want to increase the amount of water infiltration around the property of their urban high school by replacing all the existing impermeable walkway pavers with permeable ones. The school board will not move forward with any property changes unless the students conduct an experiment and collect evidence to help prove that their proposed suggestion to increase water infiltration will be effective. The students create two identical pallets using soil taken from the school's property and install impermeable pavers similar to those found on the school's property in one of the pallets. They install permeable pavers in the other pallet. The students pour exactly the same amount of water over both sets of pavers, leave both pallets in exactly the same environmental conditions, and after one hour measure the amount of water that infiltrated the soil. Which of the following identifies and describes the equipment needed to best determine the amount of water that infiltrated the soil?

A ruler should be used to measure the level of water above both pavers in both pallets immediately after pouring the water over the pavement

Which of the following is a direct economic advantage associated with aquaculture?

Aquaculture produces large amounts of seafood for human purchase and consumption year-round

Compared with people in developing countries, people in industrialized countries are more likely to eat...

Beef

Long term intensive agriculture that does not add soil amendments such as manure or fertilizer has been shown to decrease soil organic matter content. Which of the following figures best shows this relationship?

C.) Soil Organic Matter/Time curving down

Which of the following accurately describes a benefit of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs)?

Concentrated animal feeding operations are efficient and relatively low-cost facilities that help keep consumer costs low

Which of the following is an unintended environmental consequence of aquaculture?

Contamination of surrounding water by organic waste

Which of the following countries is most likely represented in the age structure diagram shown?

Country B

If an area was originally forested and then underwent urban development, which of the following shows the most likely effects on various parts of the water cycle in the area?

D) [up, up, down] Evaporation and transpiration increase, runoff increases, groundwater recharge decreases

One way that consumers can help prevent a decrease in the number of fish species that are experiencing population declines is to...

Eat fish that are caught using sustainable harvesting techniques

Overgrazing of grasslands can lead to reduced range quality. Two of the major effects of overgrazing are...

Erosion and desertification

Based on the data provided, which of the following descriptions best identifies the types of farms that are being compared?

Farm A is a grass-fed pasture for beef production, whereas Farm B is a traditional concentrated animal feedlot for cattle

Which of the following statements is true of aquatic biomes?

Freshwater is a vital source of drinking water

Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with the genetic modification of crops?

Genetic modifications can decrease the genetic diversity of crop species

The harvesting of livestock for meat consumption affects the planet in various ways. Approximately 25% of the land area on Earth is used for raising livestock. One-third of all water used in meat production goes toward producing beef, and the demand for beef is projected to increase by 95% by 2050. The graph below shows the average meat consumption per capita from 2010 to 2012 and the forecasted meat consumption for 2022 for five different countries. Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph?

Global meat consumption per capita will increase in all five countries between 2012 and 2022 as the countries move through the demographic transition and become more developed

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following proposed solutions would have the greatest effect on reducing global water withdrawals?

Government grants to assist farmers with the up-front installation costs of drip irrigation systems

A cost-benefit analysis done to investigate a proposed mine site would likely take which of the following into account? I. The medical costs of mine worker injuries II. The cost of environmental restoration of the site when it is shut down III. The value of the ore to be extracted from the mine

I, II, and III

The development of dangerous strains of disease organisms represents a significant consequence of which of the following agricultural practices?

Incorporating antibiotics into the feeding regimens of densely concentrated livestock

Vegetarianism is often cited as a partial solution to the growing problem of deforestation and other types of habitat destruction as the human population continues to grow. The reason for this is...

More vegetarians can be fed using less agricultural land because vegetarians eat at a lower trophic level

Which of the following techniques is a realistic solution for farmers to decrease the amount of fertilizer and sediment runoff into aquatic ecosystems?

Practicing crop rotation

In a typical forest ecosystem, dead trees and fallen trees are most important because of their role in which of the following?

Providing habitats for wildlife

Which of the following is the best example of an economic incentive that could be used to improve environmental quality and reduce resource waste?

Providing tax breaks for companies that use recycled materials

Which of the following best achieves the goal of providing wood products for humans while preserving biodiversity?

Selective cutting of large areas of old growth forest

In a rural region of India, scientists collected data of different pesticide residue levels from closely located farming plots. Some of these plots used integrated pest management biopesticides, while others used chemical pesticides to control pests. The data below show levels of four pesticide residues found in tomato and cucumber crops in the two treatment plots. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data in the table?

The greatest effect of integrated pest management was seen in lower levels of endosulfan in both tomatoes and cucumbers

Which of the following best describes acid mine drainage?

The leakage of water containing toxic materials from coal and metal mines

An insect population in an agricultural field is affected by monthly applications of a pesticide, as shown in the graph above. A likely cause of the overall increase in the insect population over time is...

The survival of increasing numbers of resistant insects

The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in a sample of river water suggests which of the following?

The water is contaminated with animal waste

Which of the following is the most likely result from clearing mature, forested land and converting it into agricultural land that would be used for cattle grazing?

There will be a reduction in the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide

Which of the following best explains why decomposers in soils and water are important to ecosystems?

They recycle nutrients

Which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded?

Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested

Which of the following solutions would help decrease flood frequencies and flood sizes that are caused by urbanization?

Using new, more permeable materials for roads

Primary productivity is a measure of the rate of photosynthesis, what are the products of photosynthesis?

glucose and oxygen