APES Unit 7

Based on the data in the graph, by approximately what percent did the sea ice decrease from 1980 to 2005 ?

30%

Which of the following is an important contributor to both global warming and ozone depletion?

A release of chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere

If Earth had no atmosphere, the mean surface temperature would be approximately -15°C. With our present atmosphere, Earth's mean surface temperature is approximately +15°C. Which of the following is the best explanation for this difference?

Absorption of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases

The drop in stratospheric ozone levels in the Southern Hemisphere (the "ozone hole") is most evident during which season?

Antarctic spring (October)

________ Composed of fibers known to cause lung disease

Asbestos

The location where the greatest number of people would be directly affected by a rise in ocean level

B Central America

Has a stronger affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen

Carbon monoxide

Which of the following is a nonanthropogenic source of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere?

Cellular respiration

Which of the following substances is released by CFC's and catalyzes a chain reaction that breaks down ozone in the upper atmosphere?

Chlorine

Which of the following greenhouse gases has the greatest heat-trapping ability per molecule?

Chlorofluorocarbon

Which type of electricity-generating power plant releases radioactive materials as well as toxic metals such as lead and arsenic under normal operating conditions?

Coal-burning

Global warming is most likely to directly cause which of the following?

Coastal flooding and submersion of low-lying areas

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an effect of global warming?

Decreased rate of photosynthesis in vegetation

Which of the following not only results from greenhouse warming but also contributes to additional warming of Earth (i.e., is a positive feedback process)?

Decreased size of snowpack

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of the trend for the change in sea ice shown in the graph, creating a positive feedback loop in the Arctic?

Decreasing albedo and increasing absorption of heat by the ocean

Which of the following human activities is most closely associated with depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer?

Disposal of refrigerators and air conditioners

Stratospheric ozone depletion is most likely to result in which of the following?

Disruption of photosynthesis in plants

Emitted from most manufactured building materials and furniture

Formaldehyde

True statements about ozone include which of the following? I. It is a pollutant in the troposphere. II. It filters out most of the UVC radiation in the stratosphere. III. Most of it is formed in the stratosphere by reaction between carbon dioxide and free oxygen atoms.

I and II only

Possible effects of a warmer atmosphere include which of the following? I. Expanded ranges of tropical diseases II. More intense hurricanes and typhoons III. Increased crop damage from pests and diseases

I, II, and III

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of the greenhouse effect in Earth's atmosphere?

Infrared radiation from Earth's surface is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere.

Found in old plumbing pipes and fixtures and some ceramic glazes

Lead

__________ Implicated in human neurological damage Responses

Lead

Of the following cities, which regularly experiences the worst levels of photochemical smog that is enhanced by thermal inversions?

Los Angeles, California

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that is also a by-product of anaerobic respiration?

Methane, CH4

All of the following gases have been implicated in contributing to the increase in global temperature via the greenhouse effect EXCEPT

O2

Considered harmful in the troposphere but beneficial in the stratosphere

Ozone

Which of the following best explains why it is predicted that ozone depletion over the poles will be at its worst between 2010 and 2019?

Ozone-depleting chemicals produced before their use was banned will take that long to reach peak concentrations in the stratosphere.

Is the major pollutant that electrostatic precipitators are designed to remove from power-plant smokestack emissions

Particulates

Colorless, odorless gas that is a naturally occurring decay product of uranium

Radon

Has been implicated as the cause of as much as 15 percent of lung cancer cases

Radon

Which of the following actions would be the most effective in decreasing acid rain and acid deposition problems?

Reducing use of fossil fuels

Of the following, which is true of noise pollution?

Sudden or persistent noise may lead to permanent hearing loss.

Most often cited as the causative factor for acid deposition

Sulfur dioxide

important precursor to acid rain

Sulfur dioxide

Which of the following best exemplifies global collaboration for a sustainable environment?

The Montreal Protocol

Acid rain is associated with which of the following?

The burning of fossil fuels

Acid deposition would most likely result in which of the following?

The release of aluminum ions from soil

Which of the following will occur if the trend of global temperature increase continues?

The troposphere will contain more water vapor.

Many scientists maintain that a rise in sea level has occurred in the last hundred years as a result of global warming. If this is true, which of the following factors best explains such a rise?

Thermal expansion of the ocean

Smoke from forest fires is most likely to affect air quality over larger areas for many days when

a persistent atmospheric inversion exists in the region

The main environmental effects of ozone depletion could include all of the following EXCEPT

decreased concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere

The three main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the United States are

industry, transportation, and energy production

The major human health problem related to radon accumulation is

lung cancer

The data in the graph can be useful in explaining the greenhouse effects when they are compared with

mean global temperatures

Ground-level ozone in most major United States cities results primarily from

motor-vehicle exhaust

The major source of radon in houses in the United States is

the underlying bedrock

In models of global warming, the most important factor contributing to an increase in sea level is

thermal expansion of the oceans

Ozone in the stratosphere is most important to life at Earth's surface because it absorbs

ultraviolet light

Ozone in the stratosphere is important to organisms at Earth's surface because ozone molecules are very strong absorbers of

ultraviolet rays