APES - Unit 8

The two pie charts show municipal solid waste (MSW) in the United States, 2015

Incineration is one solution to reduce the volume of municipal solid waste. Municipal solid waste can be used to produce energy at waste-to-energy plants. Based on the data in the graphs, wood would be a material that would be best suited for incineration to reduce total volume, produce energy, and have minimal release of air pollutants

Integrating ecologically sound shrimp aquaculture practices with mangrove management

Is a way to potentially eliminate one of the greatest threats to the world's mangrove wetlands

Based on the diagram, decreased oxygen production by seaweed on the seafloor from an increase in turbidity

Is an expected consequence of runoff and sewage in an aquatic environment

Based on the diagram, the grit chamber

Is associated with the primary treatment of sewage

Based on the data in the graphs, introducing composting programs for yard trimmings and food waste would result in the

Largest reduction in volume of municipal solid waste disposed of in landfills

Significant increases in water temperature can drastically change dissolved oxygen levels in a lake.

Low dissolved oxygen leads to death for aerobic organisms, like fish, whose decomposition provides an overabundance of nutrients for the algae, resulting in the large blooms and the combined effect of these two environment changes result in algal blooms

Based on the diagram, runoff from a nearby agricultural field pollutes a reservoir used for drinking water is the

Most likely reason that a community with good sanitation could still have individuals who contract cholera

Disinfectants are

Parts of the tertiary treatment of wastewater

Oil released from the broken hull of a shipwrecked tanker is a

Point source pollutant that would likely affect the ecosystem health of a coral reef

A beach community was recently negatively affected by a hurricane. Community leaders are looking for a potential solution to prevent damage from future hurricanes. Below is a list of their concerns as well as how important each issue is to the community

Preserving wetland and coastal mangrove habitats would best help to protect against inland and coastal flooding in urban areas

Researchers are evaluating the waste treatment facility located on the Moose River in the northeastern United States. They are sampling the river and its tributaries at several locations, as shown on the map below.

Researchers suspect that sewage leaked into the Moose River. Dysentery rates should be used to determine whether the human population using the river as a source of drinking water was exposed to sewage

Long Island Sound is a body of water off the northeast coast of the United States. Over nine million people live in the small watershed area that feeds into the sound. To determine the effect of the population density on the watershed, scientists measured the oxygen content of bottom waters in the sound. The data from late summer 2013 are displayed in the map below.

Restricted circulation would most likely contribute to the conditions observed in the Long Island Sound

Increased frequency of birth defects in fish populations in the pond is the most likely consequence of

Runoff transporting chemicals that are endocrine disruptors to a pond

Fecal coliform measured at

Site B is the water quality tests that would best indicate if sewage from the wastewater treatment plant has contaminated the Moose River

Oil tanker spills are

The best example of a point source pollutant

When water used to cool power plants during normal plant operations is released into adjacent waterways,

The dissolved oxygen in the adjacent waterways would decrease because used coolant water is warm and leads to thermal pollution that is most likely to occur as a result

A massive bluegill fish kill was observed in a lake near a power plant during the winter months. It was determined that the plant was releasing large amounts of hot water into the lake.

The influx of warmer water caused an unexpected increase in the metabolic rate if the bluegills, which led to increased physiological stress from limited resource availability explains what likely caused the death of so many bluegills in the lake

The graph below depicts the dose response curves for

Three common bacteria and a newly discovered bacterium found in streams near certain agricultural properties

Fertilizer from suburban lawns and wastewater from a water treatment plant includes both

A point and a nonpoint source of pollution

Based on the image, the sound has large numbers of phytoplankton blooms that are decomposing and consumed by respiring bacteria can

Best be drawn to describe the condition in the Long Island Sound

Based on the diagram, fewer bacteria would be available to absorb dissolved organics in the tank

Best describes how a malfunctioning air compressor would affect the process of sewage treatment

Based on the diagram above, the bacterium that causes cholera is spread through ingestion of contaminated water or food

Best describes why a population in an area that has poor sanitation can be particularly at risk for a cholera outbreak

Based on the data in the graphs, enacting a single-stream recycling program and providing bins to residential homes would

Best increase the total volume of municipal solid waste being recycled

Endocrine disruptors directly affect

Hormones in an organism

Cholera is an acute infection of the digestive system that is caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae. Infected individuals can experience a range of symptoms including diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps, low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and extreme thirst

If symptoms persist and severe dehydration results, an infected individual can die within hours of symptom onset. The diagram below shows how cholera is transmitted

An individual is exposed to the water in the stream from which the sample shown in the graph was taken

If the individual was exposed to the highest dose of the bacteria, C. jejuni bacteria would have the lowest probability of causing illness if ingested