APES- unit 9 questions
Based on the data in the graph, which of the following values best indicates the change in the present-day CO2 concentration as compared to the CO2 concentration approximately 200,000 years ago?
1.6 times greater
Based on the data in the graph, which of the following represents the approximate rate of change in Arctic sea level from 1995 to 2015 ?
3 mm per year
Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration over the next 50 years is expected to cause which of the following global changes?
A significant loss of biodiversity in the tropics
Which of the following best identifies the author's claim in the article?
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have indirectly increased the amount of precipitation that results from hurricanes.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the variables shown in the graphs?
CO2 concentrations and Antarctic temperatures have cycled approximately every 50,000 years, and the present-day value for CO2 concentration is the highest it has been in 800,000 years.
Which of the following equations best represents the chemical changes that occur during ocean acidification?
CO2+H2O→2H+1+CO3-2
Which of the following identifies the two factors thought to be the most harmful to biodiversity?
Changes in climate and proliferation of endemic species
Global warming is most likely to directly cause which of the following?
Coastal flooding and submersion of low-lying areas
An alpine area of a national park near a trail is normally covered by plants, but much of the area is now bare soil. Park rangers suspect that trampling by hikers has killed the plants. Which of the following will best test the hypothesis?
Comparing plant survivorship in areas where hikers stay on the trail with plant survivorship in the area where hikers leave the trail
Which of the following environmental problems is most directly linked to ocean warming?
Coral bleaching
Which of the following best describes an advantage of constructing habitat corridors?
Corridors connect habitats separated by fragmentation and connect wildlife populations.
Which of the following best describes how an anthropogenic activity can increase ocean acidification?
Emissions from power plants that burn fossil fuels increase atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is absorbed by the ocean.
Possible effects of a warmer atmosphere include which of the following? -Expanded ranges of tropical diseases --More intense hurricanes and typhoons ---Increased crop damage from pests and diseases
I, II, and III
Which of the following best explains an anthropogenic cause of the trend illustrated on the graph?
Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations from burning of fossil fuels and vehicle emissions are contributing to ocean acidification.
Which of the following events would most likely lead to a decrease in the pH in the oceans?
Increased burning of fossil fuels in power plants
Which of the following best describes the primary cause of global ocean warming?
Increased global temperature from an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
Which of the following methods would most likely reduce the effect of hurricanes in urban areas?
Installing permeable pavement and increasing green space to increase water infiltration
Which of the following best describes the effect of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on marine organisms?
It will decrease the availability of carbonate ions in ocean water, decreasing the ability of coral to form shells.
Many scientists maintain that a rise in sea level has occurred in the last hundred years as a result of global warming. If this is true, which of the following factors best explains such a rise?
Melting of permafrost
Sixty-five percent of global greenhouse gas emissions are made up of carbon dioxide, while only sixteen percent are made up of methane gas. Which of the following best explains why scientists are increasingly concerned about the effect of methane gas emissions on global climate if they are a relatively small percent of greenhouse gases released?
Methane gas has a higher global warming potential (GWP) than carbon dioxide does, so it can trap more heat in the atmosphere.
Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of creating a series of protected habitats in an effort to maintain biodiversity in an area?
Protected habitats often separate species inside the habitat from other populations of the same species living outside the habitat.
Red pine trees are currently found growing in only the cool northernmost areas of the central and eastern United States. Climate change is expected to have an impact on the distribution of the species. Which of the following describes the most likely change to the distribution of red pine over the next 200 years?
Red pine distribution will shift northward into Canada.
Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for the changes shown in Scenario 3 ?
Roads and electric power lines subdivided the landscape into smaller pieces and decreased the amount of available habitat.
Silver carp were introduced in the southeastern United States in the 1970s from their native habitat of China to control algal blooms that were occurring at aquaculture facilities and sewage lagoons. Silver carp escaped from captivity shortly after their introduction and are currently found as far north as North Dakota and Minnesota. Which of the following describes an unintended, negative consequence of the introduction of silver carp into the United States?
Silver carp became an invasive species in the United States because their numbers were not being controlled by natural predators.
If mean global temperature keeps on increasing as predicted by contemporary scientists, which of the following is most likely?
Specialist species living in fragile ecosystems will risk extinction.
Which of the following would most likely have the greatest positive impact on the quality of the natural environment worldwide?
Stabilization or reduction of the size of the human population
Which of the following solutions can best reduce an anthropogenic cause of ocean acidification?
Switch from coal-burning power plants to nuclear power plants for electricity generation
Scientists want to investigate whether the increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the ocean affects fish survival. Scientists suspect immature fish larvae may be most affected by increased carbon dioxide concentrations. Which of the following best identifies a testable hypothesis for the investigation?
The decreasing pH of the ocean water will decrease the survivorship of fish.
Which of the following best describes how ocean acidification affects coral formation?
The increase in hydrogen ions dissolved in the ocean water sequesters available carbonate ions, preventing the use of calcium carbonate for coral skeleton formation.
Based on the passage, which of the following pieces of evidence is used by the author to support the claim about hurricanes and climate change?
The oceans have absorbed 90% of the heat caused by human-generated greenhouse gases.
Which of the following best interprets the results in the graph in relation to the given hypothesis?
The results support the researchers' hypothesis because there is a greater biodiversity at sites without cane toads.
The spotted lanternfly is a herbivorous insect that is native to Asia and feeds on over 70 species of plants. The feeding behavior of the spotted lanternfly damages plants, and the nymph and adult lanternflies secrete sticky residues that exacerbate the damage to native plant species by promoting mold growth. The spotted lanternfly reproduces once during its lifetime by laying between 30 and 50 eggs, and the eggs hatch after a short amount of time. The range of the spotted lanternfly is increasing because the insects are transported to new environments by the movements of animals and people, and it is now found in many parts of the United States. Which of the following best describes the spotted lanternfly in the United States?
The spotted lanternfly is an r-selected and invasive species.
Which of the following will occur if the trend of global temperature increase continues?
The troposphere will contain more water vapor.
Based on the data in the graphs, which of the following best describes the relationship between CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature?
There is a direct relationship between CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature, but causality cannot be determined.
Brown marmorated stink bugs are native to China and Japan. They were identified in Pennsylvania for the first time in 1998 and have since spread across North America, feeding on agricultural crops. Which of the following characteristics of the brown marmorated stink bug has led to them being an invasive species in North America?
They are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions.
All of the following statements about invasive exotic species are true EXCEPT:
They tend to have low reproductive rates.
Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the author's perspective on the relationship between urbanization and hurricanes?
Urban infrastructure promotes runoff, which can increase the damage associated with hurricanes and other tropical storms.
Which of the following is a primary cause of El Niño climate variations?
Warmer surface waters in the Pacific Ocean
Which of the following greenhouse gases does not contribute significantly to global climate change because it has a short residence time in the atmosphere?
Water vapor
A large forested area is fragmented into small forest tracts separated by agricultural areas. This change will most likely lead to
a decrease in the gene flow within species of the original forest
Although levels of CFCs in the atmosphere are much lower than those of CO 2 , CFCs are still potent greenhouse gases because they
are much more efficient at absorbing thermal radiation
Coral bleaching can be hazardous to some fish species because
coral reefs provide unique habitats for fish
The CITES treaty has been helpful in protecting endangered animals and plants by
listing those species and products whose international trade is controlled
The data in the graph can be useful in explaining the greenhouse effects when they are compared with
mean global temperatures
The increase in mean global temperature is likely to result in all of the following EXCEPT
ncreased ground-level ultraviolet radiation
In models of global warming, the most important factor contributing ot an increase in sea level is
thermal expansion of the oceans
The polar regions radiate away more heat energy than they receive from the Sun in the course of a year. However, they are prevented from becoming progressively colder each year primarily by the
transport of heat through the atmosphere and oceans
The spread of infectious diseases is expected to increase with climate change, mainly because
warmer temperatures allow disease-carrying insects to survive in areas that were once too cold
