aphug college board questions
which region is best described as exhibiting overall negative rates of growth in stage 4?
Negative growth regions are considered to be in late Stage 4 of the demographic transition model. Certain Stage 4 countries have higher death rates than birth rates; these have been proposed as Stage 5 countries. The only area with the majority of countries with a higher death rate than birth rate would be formerly-communist eastern European countries such as Ukraine and Romania.
Which of the following best identifies the data for western China, shown on the map?
The map shows arithmetic density, which refers to the number of people per unit of land. The pattern on the map indicates that arithmetic density is lower in western China.
Which of the following patterns is indicated by the population pyramid shown?
The population has a high total fertility rate.
Which of the following statements identifies a cultural trait evident in the photograph?
the temple in the photograph reflects typical Buddhist architecture. Ridge tiles at the top of the peaks and window frames shaped like lotus flowers are common features of Buddhist places of worship.
Neo-Malthusian theory can be used to explain which of the following situations?
South Sudan experienced famine during the twenty-first century as a result of war and drought.
Which of the following concepts best explains the driving forces of contemporary cultural diffusion?
Space-time compression refers to the way in which improvements in transportation and communication have reduced the friction of distance and permitted the very rapid diffusion of ideas across space.
Sikhism grew out of a blend of Hindu and Islamic religious principles, a process best explained by which term?
Syncretism refers to a blend of cultural traits, represented by Sikhism's blending of Hindu and Islamic principles.
Which of the following best explains the use of two languages in this United States highway sign?
The highway sign is a representation of the state's multilingual ethnic cultural heritage.
The photograph was taken in Singapore. Which of the following statements best describes how the buildings shown in the photograph represent the culture of Singapore?
The image indicates that the Buddhist temple, a center of traditional religion, holds an important position within the modern country of Singapore.
The image shows the Old City of Jerusalem. Which statement best describes the spatial pattern in the cultural landscape?
The image shows holy sites of Judaism (the Wailing Wall) and Islam (the Dome of the Rock), which suggests that Muslim and Jewish citizens live in close proximity to each other in this area of the city.
When an immigrant group moves into a new location inhabited by a larger dominant culture with a different language, which of the following is the most likely outcome?
The immigrant group will learn and use the new language, and immigrant words will enter the language of the majority population.
The map shown was published in the United States in the early twentieth century. The title of the map is an example of
The title of the map stems from the term "Far East." The map title is an example of ethnocentrism because it implies that Europe or North America is at the center of the world, and other regions of the world are in peripheral locations.
Germany has a negative rate of natural increase.
Germany's death rates are higher than its birth rates, indicating a negative rate of natural increase.
Which of the following explains an impact of open-border policies regarding migration within the European Union?
Growing political tensions as immigration increases, due to competition between immigrants and local people for available jobs
Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have total fertility rates that exceed 5.0. Which of the following population characteristics is associated with this phenomenon?
High youth dependency ratio
If rural-to-urban migration continues in China, which of the following outcomes is most likely?
Housing shortages in urban areas will be common.
Which of the following processes describes how missionary activities change the geographies of universalizing religions outside of their founding hearths?
Through missionary activities, universalizing religions spread to new places through expansion diffusion while remaining strong in the original hearth.
Which of the following scenarios explains a demographic push factor for less developed countries?
A large youth population, lacking educational opportunities, seek schooling in more developed countries.
A population pyramid that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom most likely represents which of the following populations?
A population of retirees
From 2010 through 2017 there was a large increase in the number of migrants from Africa to Europe. Which of the following explains a possible impact on the emigrant countries of origin during and after that time period?
As more emigrants sent money home, the influx of money created an economic boom in the countries of origin.
Which of the following processes best explains a decrease in mortality rates worldwide?
Better hygiene and sanitation practices
Which of the following describes forced migration?
British convicts shipped to Australia in the mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries
Many people living in west and central African countries such as Niger, Chad, and the Central African Republic speak French. Which of the following best explains this pattern?
During the Berlin Conference of 1884, European powers divided Africa. France was granted large portions of west and central Africa, including the areas that are now Chad, Niger, and the Central African Republic. When France acquired these countries, French was introduced.
A popular American hamburger chain successfully entered the fast-food market in India by altering the menu to include vegetarian burgers instead of hamburgers made with beef. This example can best be described as
Stimulus diffusion occurs when a cultural trait from another area is adapted to fit the cultural norms of the receiving area. In this example, the direct diffusion of the hamburger to India was inhibited by the Hindu prohibition against eating beef. Success was achieved by selling burgers made of vegetable products, thus adjusting to local diets.
Which of the following is the best describes an example of transhumance?
Shepherds in France who move their sheep to mountain pastures each summer This movement is transhumance as it involves both seasonal movement of livestock and a change in elevation.
The image shown was taken in Ketchikan, Alaska. Which of the following best explains the process illustrated by the image?
Through the process of diffusion, ethnic cuisines may change the cultural landscape in locations far from their hearths.
A high level of mobility for international migration and employment is best explained by which of the following demographic groups?
Unmarried men in their late twenties with no children and a university education
A large number of Turkish people migrated to Germany in the 1960s, when West Germany's manufacturing economy was booming and Turkey's economy was predominantly agricultural. Which of the following best describes Turkish migration to Germany?
Voluntary guest workers
Which of the following best explains why a universalizing religion would diffuse into a region?
Which of the following best explains why a universalizing religion would diffuse into a region?
A fashion trend was started when an actor appeared on a television show wearing a shirt and tie of the same color. Within weeks, people began to follow this trend in both large cities and small towns across the United States. Which pair of diffusion types explains the spread of the fashion trend in this example?
Since the fashion trend started with a television star and moved to both large cities and small towns in a short time frame, hierarchical and contagious diffusion is the correct pair.
Based on the images shown, which of the following best explains the process of diffusion in relation to the religious history of Spain?
The Islamic patterns shown in the artwork on the palace demonstrate the Islamic influence on the region during the era of the Crusades. Evidence of Muslim control of portions of southern Spain is still found on the cultural landscape in locations such as the Alhambra.
In 1980 China implemented an antinatalist one-child policy. Which of the following explains an unintended consequence of the policy?
There are more men than women because of a cultural preference for male children.
Population patterns shown on the map indicate that areas around river deltas and upland lake and river valleys have higher densities. Which of the following best explains why these regions are more heavily populated?
These regions have higher carrying capacities.
Japan has a low birth rate and a high life expectancy. Which of the following explains why Japan will struggle with demographic challenges in 30 years?
An aging population needing health care will require more public funding.
The Arabic word swahili means "a language of the coast." Which of the following explains how this would relate to the Swahili language spoken today in Kenya, Tanzania, and northern Mozambique in eastern Africa?
As Muslim merchants traveled to Africa, they needed to communicate with people living along the coastal areas of the Indian Ocean in order to trade, and a lingua franca developed.
Based on the diagram of the demographic transition model, which of the following correctly describes the expected population change over time?
As birth rates are higher than death rates, population growth remains high.
Bangladesh has seen its total fertility rate drop to 2.1, but its population is projected to be higher in 2050 than it is today. Which of the following explains why Bangladesh will continue to experience positive rates of natural increase?
Bangladesh has achieved replacement rate fertility but due to the high number of young people will continue to see growth until after 2050 as the large youthful population ages and produces a generation larger than some of the older adult populations
Many European countries provide families one or more of the following: tax credits, flexible parental leave, monthly payments, public-transportation fare reduction, free vaccines, and subsidized childcare. Which of the following would explain why a country such as Belgium would implement the described policies?
Belgium has concerns about an aging population and wants to encourage higher birth rates.
Deaths in Country A often occur due to outbreaks of epidemic disease, while in Country B most people are dying from chronic disorders such as heart disease. Which of the following best describes where these countries fall in the demographic transition model and in which region they are likely located?
Country A : Stage 2, West Africa; Country B : Stage 4, western Europe In Stage 2 countries, such as the ones found in West Africa, many deaths occur from outbreaks of epidemic disease because of a lack of reliable health care and advanced sanitation techniques. In Stage 4 countries, such as the ones found in western Europe, most deaths are related to chronic disorders such as heart disease caused by old age and lifestyle choices
Orthodox Christianity was established in Ethiopia during the fourth century after diffusing up the Nile River valley from the Mediterranean Coast of Egypt. Islam expanded into North Africa and East Africa during the seventh century. Today Ethiopia's population is 43% Orthodox Christian and 33% Muslim. Which statement best explains the composition of religious groups of Ethiopia?
Ethiopia resisted the Islamic expansion in northern Africa.
Which of the following can be used to explain why an immigrant community that attempts to assimilate into local society would engage in political protest against the government?
Ethnic enclaves can preserve the culture of a particular group by maintaining characteristics of the home country, which is in opposition to the acculturation and assimilation often attempted by newly arriving immigrants. In some cases ethnic enclaves are the result of legal restrictions against immigrants moving into certain neighborhoods, resulting in conflicts over segregation.
Malthusian theory would explain which of the following possible consequences of high birth rates in a less developed country?
Famine and starvation will occur as demand outpaces agricultural production.
Tikka masala is an Indian-style food that has gained popularity in the United Kingdom, despite being less common in India. Which of the following processes led to the spread of this food?
Indian foods were introduced to the United Kingdom via relocation diffusion as part of colonial trade and South Asian migration during the British Empire era.
Across the Islamic world, despite different cultures and architectural styles, common features can be seen in mosque architecture. Which of the following explains the diffusion of Islamic architecture worldwide?
Islam diffused from its hearth in present-day Saudi Arabia to other areas of the world through expansion and relocation diffusion. As Islam diffused, architectural styles associated with the religion mixed with local elements to form new cultural landscapes worldwide.
Which of the following elements of the cultural landscape are shown in the images?
Moorish people from North Africa ruled southern Spain and influenced the region's art and architecture. The small minarets shown on the far tower and the Arabic script shown on the architectural detail indicate the influence of Islam.
Which of the following accurately describes changes in the roles of women as countries develop economically?
More women work in professional jobs The lower birth rates, lower fertility rates, increased urban percentage, and higher life expectancy in more developed countries compared with less developed countries indicate that more women are working in professional jobs
Immigration of asylum applicants from Africa to the European Union, Norway, and Switzerland increased from approximately 50,000 in 2010 to approximately 200,000 in 2016. In 2017, there were approximately 175,000 asylum applicants. Which of the following best explains the trend in asylum seekers from African countries to Europe since 2010?
Political instability and conflict along with high fertility levels over the long term has led to an increase in asylum seekers.
Which of the following explains how data from the population pyramid for Spain would be useful for government policy makers?
Population pyramids convey information about the population's age distribution and trends in birth and death rates; therefore, data on the size of the middle-aged population would be useful in planning for retirement and social security benefits.
The costumes of the people in the procession are the result of synthesis between religion and ethnicity that
The Day of the Dead is a celebration mixing the colonial past of Spanish Catholicism with the traditional indigenous religions practiced in Mexico, as portrayed in the image. This new cultural form contributes to a unique sense of place.
Which of the following describes the relationship between fertility and education in the United States and Canada in recent decades?
The increase in the percent of women who are more highly educated correlates with the decline in fertility.
Arithmetic density
The map legend identifies the variations of shading on the map as representing certain ranges of arithmetic density, a measure of people per square kilometer of total land area.
Which of the following best explains an effect of migration within the United States between 1950 and 2010 ?
The mean center of the population of the United States shifted to the South and West as workers migrated to areas with more jobs and a warmer climate.
A country develops new technologies for farming, which help stabilize and increase food supply. According to Malthusian theory, which of the following would best explain those results?
The new technologies would reduce positive checks on population.
Which statement best explains an environmental impact of China's population distribution?
The population distribution shown requires more intensive use of limited soil and water resources to increase the carrying capacity of agricultural land.
The event shown in the image is best explained as
a combination of traditional, indigenous, and European beliefs in Mexico The holiday showed, the Day of the Dead is a mix of indigenous, pre-Hispanic, and Roman Catholic beliefs. Catholicism diffused to Mexico but has been modified to allow the integration of traditional celebrations.
Which of the following statements best explains the trend about infant mortality shown in the bar chart?
improved access to health care and nutrition impacts the time period before, during, and after pregnancy and therefore has the most significant impact on the decline in infant mortality rates.
Using information from the image, which of the following can be described as identifiable signs and symbols of a Chinese cultural landscape in San Francisco?
Chinese language signs on buildings and the Chinese lamps stung above the street reflect Chinese cultural elements and are indicative of a Chinese cultural landscape in San Francisco created by large numbers of Chinese immigrants settling in close proximity to one another.
Which of the following population patterns is common in more developed countries?
Declining levels of fertility and mortality, leading to older age structures
South Korea, as of 2018, has the lowest total fertility rate in the world at 1.1. Which of the following best explains a population policy South Korea could enact to promote higher birth rates?
Decreasing the cost of childcare so that families can afford to have more children
