Aphug exam 3
The urbanization and growth of the steel producing centers of the Ruhr Valley in Germany and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the United States can best be explained by the site characteristics of
large, local supplies of iron ore and intersecting railroads
The attraction of the outsourced "call center" industry to locate in India can best be explained by
low wages and the wide use of English.
Public housing is
low-income government-owned housing.
A company which uses more than one ________ will often locate near break-of-bulk points.
mode of transport
Rostow's stages of development can easily be applied to countries such as the United States and Japan, but not so easily to countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Bolivia, because the theory
places emphasis on developed nations having less developed nations to exploit for resources
________ is the reuse of unwanted material.
recycling
Containerization was developed to facilitate long-distance transport by ________ before transferring to trucks and trains.
ship
The peripheral model is most closely associated with
the multiple nuclei model.
The minimum number of people needed to support a service is called the
threshold
If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city?
200,000
Which of the following scenarios is best explained by the concept of range in Christaller's central place theory?
A consumer purchases gasoline at the nearest town but travels to the nearest city to purchase a new car.
Which of the following statements explains the data relationship between the statistics shown in the table?
A high level of economic development does not guarantee that women will have an equitable position in society.
This map shows major highways and the route of the Metrorail Silver Line around Tysons Corner, Virginia, and edge city outside of Washington, DC. Using the information in the map and the data table, which of the following was the most likely result of the opening of the Metrorail Silver Line in 2014?
An increase in population and business activity as a result of improved connectivity
In 2008, a debt crisis within the United States housing market triggered a global economic crisis. Which of the following best explains how this process occurred?
Because the global financial system is interconnected, banks in other countries were negatively affected by the crisis in the United States.
Each image shows a different way that products of the Industrial Revolution were transported. Which of the following statements best compares the impacts of the two forms of transportation?
Both forms of transportation accelerated production and distribution of goods.
The BRIC designation includes which 4 countries?
Brazil, Russia, India, China
Christaller's central place theory argues that which of the following patterns will occur?
Cities and towns of similar size will be evenly spaced across a country or region.
Which of the following best explains the relationship of a country's economic sector employment to its development level?
Core countries have the highest percentage of workers in the tertiary sector and the lowest percentage of workers in the primary sector because of the economic emphasis on services.
Which of the following is a central goal for planning concepts such as New Urbanism?
Creation of walkable cities that are environmentally friendly and contain a diversity of business, entertainment, and residential areas with large areas of green space
Which of the following best explains the rapid development of edge cities in the United States Southwest in comparison with other regions of the United States?
Edge cities developed rapidly in the Southwest region of the United States because large numbers of people migrated from the Midwest for the warmer climate and for the jobs resulting when corporations relocated for financial incentives.
Which of the following explains how microlending policies can lead to interdependence in the world economy?
Increased funding opportunities for individuals in less developed countries have led to increased economic stability on a local level and trade opportunities with other countries
The Spine and Disamenity zones are most closely associated with a(n)
Latin American City
Microfinance is a form of banking whereby financial institutions issue small loans to people with low incomes, generally in less developed countries. Which of the following best explains how microfinance loans are intended to contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals?
Microfinance loans enable people to start small businesses, which contributes to the goal of ending poverty.
The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is
Range
Which of the following best explains a political-economic weakness or limitation of Rostow's stages of economic growth?
Rostow made the inaccurate assumption that all countries want modernization as defined in the model and would pass through the outlined stages in order.
Based on the pattern shown in the model, which of the following is the most likely process by which rural-to-urban migrants in Latin America acquire housing upon arriving in a city?
Rural-to-urban migrants have to construct their own housing out of the available materials and on open land often found on the urban periphery.
Which of the following is NOT true about solar energy?
Solar power is widely used in the United States, providing over 20 percent of the electricity.
Which of the following phenomena can be explained using the urban data presented in the map and table?
Suburbanization and middle-class flight from the urban core
Which of the following explains the development patterns for a country that has a large proportion of its economy engaged in the secondary economic sector?
The country has access to shipping lanes and inexpensive transport options that lead to establishment of factories close to raw materials or to markets, depending on the manufacturing process.
Explain how the map represents an incomplete picture of the economy of India.
The data do not measure the informal economy, which in regions with high employment in agriculture could be significant.
Which of the following scenarios is best explained by the increasing global popularity of ecotourism?
The development of small, locally owned lodges near ecological preserves in the Brazilian Amazon due to tourists' desire to benefit the local economy and minimize their environmental impact
Which of the following is an infrastructure trend supported by the data shown in the table?
The economic growth and development of large metropolitan areas relates closely to the expansion of effective public transportation infrastructure.
Traffic congestion is a common feature of major Southeast Asian cities. Which of the following is a possible solution that a city or regional government could implement to alleviate traffic congestion and improve the city's urban sustainability?
The government could significantly expand the availability and use of more environmentally friendly mass transit that utilizes renewable resources.
By tradition it is uncommon for women to hold personal bank accounts in Pakistan, until the 1990s this was much the same in Bangladesh. Which of the following best explains the significant change in the percent of women with bank accounts in Bangladesh?
The increased access to microlending institutions for women, such as the Grameen Bank
The map shows GDP per capita by country, with darker shading indicating higher GDP per capita. Which of the following best explains the limitation of the map in answering questions about the world's changing economic landscape?
The map shows economic productivity as GDP per capita in each country for a single year, but does not show change over time that would indicate a level of economic growth or decline.
Which of the following is the most likely reason for cities to invest in remediation and redevelopment of brownfields?
The redevelopment of brownfields enables the reuse of abandoned areas that are often located in urban centers and have existing infrastructure.
Which of the following is a primary characteristic of world cities?
They are financially and politically connected to global markets and drive the process of globalization.
In a number of countries there remains significant inequality between men and women. Based on a comparison of the patterns on the map, which of the following statements draws an accurate conclusion?
Women in Libya have more equality with men than do women in other African countries.
Each year Paris, Milan, and New York City hold fashion weeks showcasing the latest in clothing design. These events provide major clothing designers with the opportunity to finance new brands and to collaborate. Fashion weeks receive a large amount of news coverage in online, print, and televised media, which influences consumers' preferences and purchasing decisions. Which of the following geographical processes best explains this impact on consumers?
World cities have market effects on a globalized urban culture.
Which of the following explains the most significant weakness of Wallerstein's world system theory?
World system theory provides little explanation about how a country like South Korea could rise from a peripheral country to a core economy.
According to the sector model, the best housing is located in
a corridor from downtown to the edge of the city.
Megalopolis refers to
adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
The construction of makeshift housing in a country within the periphery, as shown in the photograph, is often the result of
an increasing number of industrial jobs available in a city without adequate housing
Beer bottling is an example of a
bulk-gaining industry.
A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a
bulk-reducing industry
Twenty-five U.S. states have so-called "right-to-work" laws that
cause a great deal of trouble for labor unions attempting to organize workers and bargain with employers.
Compared to the United States, poor families in European cities are more likely to be
clustered in suburbs.
Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of
competition for limited space.
A process of converting a neighborhood from low-income to middle-class or upper-class is
gentrification
Mexico's maquiladora plants
have an advantage of proximity to U.S. markets.
The growth of squatter settlements within urban areas in Latin America, as seen in the photograph, can be explained by rapid migration to cities and the
lack of enforceable zoning regulations
The census data shown would most likely be used by city government officials to analyze which of the following processes?
How public services are allocated to the city's demographic groups
Compared to the patterns shown in urban models of the United States and Canada, the Latin American city model best explains which of the following patterns?
Income levels and land values increase toward the center of the city and along the spine.
Which of the following urban models best addresses the types of specialization in suburban business districts shown?
Galactic City
In less developed countries, ecotourism blends environmental sustainability with the travel and hospitality service industry. This combination attracts global tourists to locations such as Mount Kilimanjaro, the Serengeti Plain, and Victoria Falls in Africa. Which of the following best explains the relationship between global ecotourism and economic sustainability at the local scale?
Global ecotourism does not necessarily lead to local economic sustainability, as workers might not be paid a living wage at ecotourism resorts.
Which of the following best explains why geographers would expect two large urban areas in close proximity to one another to have extensive interactions, such as frequent airline flights between the cities?
Gravity Model
The Industrial Revolution began in
Great Britain
The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is
Hexagon
Based on the data in the table, which of the following statements explains a limitation of using gross national income per capita compared to the Human Development Index as a measure of development?
Using gross national income per capita as a measure of development puts too much importance on economic production as the sole measure of development.
Most countries within western Europe and South America are highly urbanized. Which of the following statements best explains an important similarity or difference in the urbanization of these regions?
Western Europe urbanized before South America because industrialization occurred first in Europe