APHUG Spring Semester Final Exam Review

Out of the following, which of the following is NOT the best indicator of a country's level of development? a. age structure b. literacy rate c. natural increase rate d. infant mortality rate e. crude death rate

e. crude death rate

The intensive agricultural practice of planting and harvesting the same crop more than once a year is called a. pastoralism. b. intertillage. c. shifting agriculture. d. swidden. e. double cropping.

e. double cropping.

In which of the following countries is terracing LEAST likely to be used by farming groups to create additional space and minimize erosion on steep slopes? a. The Philippines b. Niger c. Nepal d. Greece e. Peru

b. Niger

The multiple-nuclei model of city structure tends to be most applicable to a. Latin American cities b. cities with homogeneous land use c. traditional cities d. newer, fast-growing cities e. small cities

d. newer, fast-growing cities

Pastoral nomads a. occupy different territories each year to find forage and water. b. consume mostly meat, rather than grain. c. prefer sheep to goats because sheep require less water and will forage on virtually any vegetation. d. occupy only their territory, moving with the seasons to find forage and water. e. are expanding their territory in North Africa and the Middle East.

d. occupy only their territory, moving with the seasons to find forage and water.

Special Economic Zones can BEST be described as a. maquiladoras in Mexico which import parts, assemble them and re-export them to the U.S. b. are growth poles in Russia which are producing steel and pumping petroleum. c. areas in central California where high-tech computer firms have agglomerated. d. open cities in China which allow foreign companies to build factories for producing goods.

d. open cities in China which allow foreign companies to build factories for producing goods.

Which of the following is a centrifugal force in a country? a. effective national government b. a charismatic national leader c. a national holiday d. an attack by another country e. religious differences

e. religious differences

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure of both economic production and a. income per capita. b. income disparity. c. population density. d. unemployment rates. e. social indicators.

e. social indicators.

What determines when a congressional district will be redrawn?

After a Census, every 10 years

Mass production of standardized goods using assembly line techniques is referred to as ---- production. Fast, flexible production of small lots with outsourcing around the world is referred to as ---- production.

Fordist Post-Fordist

---- is the redistribution of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives based on changes in population.

Reapportionment

Older cities of the United States and Canada which developed in the era of the mass transit city generally have more concentrated central business districts than do those North American cities which emerged after the automobile became the major transportation influence on the competitive bid for land. True False

True

Compared with more-developed countries, which of the following statements is true of less developed countries? a. A higher percent of the labor force is engaged in food production. b. Fertility rates are lower. c. The natural increase of the population is lower. d. The per capita consumption of energy is higher. e. The population pyramids exhibit narrower bases.

a. A higher percent of the labor force is engaged in food production.

What is the difference between a state and a nation? a. A nation is a large group of people with a shared culture, while a state is a politically recognized area b. A state is a politically recognized area and a nation is a former state that retained its cultural identity c. A state is a member of the United Nations and a nation has political recognition but is not a member of the United Nations d. A state has one ethnicity residing inside it and a nation has multiple ethnicities that reside in it

a. A nation is a large group of people with a shared culture, while a state is a politically recognized area

According to von Thünen, which of the following activities would take place in the outermost ring? a. Animal grazing b. Raising field crops c. Dairy farming d. Market gardening e. Forestry

a. Animal grazing

Which of these products experienced an increase in demand in the 1970s owing to more health benefits and the rise of fast-food restaurants? a. Chicken b. Pork c. Dairy d. Duck e. Mutton

a. Chicken

All of the following statements about the geography of meat production in the United States and Canada are true EXCEPT a. Consumer demand for organic foods has significantly decreased the amount of meat produced by most agribusiness firms. b. Fast-food restaurants have created a demand for increased standardization and homogeneity of animals raised for meat . c. The development of the poultry industry has made chicken the least expensive kind of meat consumed in the United States and Canada . d. Industrial farmers are raising ever-increasing numbers of animals on their farms . e. Animal slaughtering and meat-processing activities are dominated by a few large corporations .

a. Consumer demand for organic foods has significantly decreased the amount of meat produced by most agribusiness firms.

Which is the most common result of the global, interconnected nature of today's economy? a. Developments in one part of the world affect workers and investors worldwide. b. Financial crises that arise in one region of the world can now be isolated to that region. c. Transnational corporations have moved many primary and secondary sector jobs from developing countries to developed countries. d. Brownfields and other signs of a postindustrial landscape have become less common in highly developed countries. e. Disparities in consumption patterns between the developed and developing worlds are becoming very small.

a. Developments in one part of the world affect workers and investors worldwide.

Which of the following explains an impact of globalized agricultural commodity chains on consumers as compared to producers? a. Drought and depletion of groundwater sources in developing countries cause a rise in global grain prices and associated higher costs for food. b. The shift from subsistence farming to value-added agriculture by small farmers in developed countries causes a drop in profits for global agribusiness corporations. c. Agricultural production with a focus on monocropping cash crops creates more vulnerability in a country's exports if consumer preferences shift to a different commodity. d. Farmers in developing countries who are unable to gain access to global food markets to sell their goods protest, leading to global unrest. e. The imposition of government-imposed tariffs on specialty crops in order to protect domestic farmers causes a worldwide decrease in all farm products.

a. Drought and depletion of groundwater sources in developing countries cause a rise in global grain prices and associated higher costs for food.

Which of the following best describes the characteristics of countries with high income equality? a. High-income states with large percentage of highly educated males and females. b. high-income states with their economies based heavily on oil and gas reserves. c. low-income states with large numbers of subsistence farmers who are primarily women. d. middle income, smaller land area states with excellent access to seaports. e. large land area states with rapidly emerging economies

a. High-income states with large percentage of highly educated males and females.

_____ involves keeping a small inventory for short-term production and new parts are shipped quickly as needed. a. Just-in-time delivery b. Least Cost Theory c. Footloose production d. Deindustrialization e. Global division of labor

a. Just-in-time delivery

Three of the largest dairy regions in the United States are in the Northeast (New York and Pennsylvania), the Upper Midwest (Wisconsin and Minnesota), and California. What explains this phenomenon? a. Large urban centers are located in each zone. b. There are more milk drinkers in these parts of the country than in other parts. c. The transportation systems are much better in these areas. d. The climates are more conducive to raising dairy cattle. e. Industrial output is much greater due to crops produced in these regions.

a. Large urban centers are located in each zone.

North and South Korea would be an example of a _____ a. Multistate nation b. Autonomous region c. Stateless nation d. Semi Autonomous region e. Multinational state

a. Multistate nation

Which of the following will most likely locate closest to its raw material sources? a. Nickel smelting b. Computer chip assembly c. Soft-drink bottling d. Automobile assembly e. Beer brewing

a. Nickel smelting

Which supranational organization controls the global prices of oil? a. OPEC b. ASEAN c. EU d. NAFTA e. NATO

a. OPEC

Which of the following would be considered a primate city? a. Paris, France b. Sao Paulo, Brazil c. Berlin, Germany d. Beijing, China e. New York City, United States

a. Paris, France

What is the biggest downside to gentrification? a. Property taxes are increased, forcing people out of their homes. b. Older neighborhoods are revitalized. c. The crime rate increases substantially. d. New transportation systems in older neighborhoods mean the razing of older homes. e. Newer neighborhoods are added farther out, creating urban sprawl.

a. Property taxes are increased, forcing people out of their homes.

During the first half of the twentieth century, which of the following facilitated the transportation of beef over long distances to global markets? a. Refrigerated ships b. Commercial canning c. Irradiation of food d. Airplanes e. High-speed railroads

a. Refrigerated ships

Which of the following terms refers to an area of instability located between regions with opposing political and cultural values? a. Shatter belt b. Rimland c. Gerrymandered area d. Heartland e. Enclave

a. Shatter belt

Which of the following pairs of agricultural types occupies the largest percentage of the world's total land area? a. Shifting cultivation and nomadic herding b. Intensive rice cultivation and subsistence farming c. Wheat farming and dairying d. Cattle ranching and Mediterranean agriculture e. Plantation agriculture and specialized horticulture

a. Shifting cultivation and nomadic herding

Which of the following is NOT a concern for a developing country if rank-size rule does not apply? a. There will be loss of local culture, loss of regional diversity, and loss of language. b. Services will not be evenly distributed throughout the country. c. People in rural areas and small cities feel compelled to migrate to the primate city for jobs. d. Services will be clustered in the primate city. e. Smaller cities find it difficult to compete for services with the primate city.

a. There will be loss of local culture, loss of regional diversity, and loss of language.

Which state did not disintegrate as a result of extreme devolution? a. United Kingdom b. Sudan c. Czechoslovakia d. USSR e. Yugoslavia

a. United Kingdom

What do most cities in the developing world have in common? a. Urban areas are ringed by shantytowns. b. The central business district suffers from a lack of resources. c. The wealthy live in a commuter zone on the edge of the city. d. Industry is located next to the central business district. e. None of the above.

a. Urban areas are ringed by shantytowns.

An urban center that is disproportionately larger than the second largest city in a country and that dominates the country's social, political, and economic activities can be best classified as a. a primate city b. a megalopolis c. an imperial city d. a conurbation e. an edge city

a. a primate city

When a city is NOT designed to be sustainable and eco-friendly, it has the potential to become a. an urban heat island. b. a center of "lost space." c. an eco-village. d. part of the public realm.

a. an urban heat island.

The major models for urban land-use all assume that land is most expensive in the a. central business district. b. zone of transition. c. commuter's zone. d. zone of maturity. e. zone of high-class residential.

a. central business district.

The Green Revolution introduced the use of a. chemical fertilizers. b. mechanization. c. organic farming methods. d. slash-and-burn agriculture. e. maize.

a. chemical fertilizers.

The concentric zone model is portrayed as a series of rings, with the outermost ring being the a. commuter zone. b. factory zone. c. zone of transition. d. working-class zone. e. central business district.

a. commuter zone.

The main benefit for countries that host Export Processing Zones is that these zones_ a. create thousands of relatively high-paying jobs for their citizens b. increase availability of manufactured products for their citizens c. provide an efficient way to increase imports for the United States d. increase opportunities for the citizens to work for American companies and to learn English e. attract thousands of foreign workers, which results in million of extra dollars in tax revenue

a. create thousands of relatively high-paying jobs for their citizens

Proximity to major highway corridors, international airports, and areas of high social status are characteristics of ________. a. edge cities b. the CBD c. Eastern European cities d. suburbs

a. edge cities

The Internet is reshaping traditional economic arrangements by a. expanding the importance of express package delivery systems. b. reinforcing the dominance of the central business district for retail sales. c. creating more enclosed shopping malls. d. increasing the importance of rail transportation as compared to truck transportation. e. bringing consumers and producers into face-to-face contact.

a. expanding the importance of express package delivery systems.

The 38th Parallel between North and South Korea is a good example of a a. geometric boundary. b. perforated state. c. physical boundary. d. frontier e. prorupted state.

a. geometric boundary.

One disadvantage that dairy farmers have in comparison to mixed crop and livestock farmers is that dairy farmers a. have to purchase all their feed. b. receive little income from cheese and butter products. c. face more competition, since the number of dairy farmers has increased in recent years. d. have to make more intense use of soil. e. aren't usually able to sell products to large manufacturers

a. have to purchase all their feed.

In cottage industries, manufacturing takes place a. in homes. b. within designated industrial areas. c. in large shopping centers. d. on farms in rural areas. e. in large factories.

a. in homes.

Silicon Valley is an example of a technopole because it a. is a center for developing new ideas to generate growth b. demonstrates the concept of agglomeration economies c. reuses brownfield sites that were once industrial factories d. has attracted new universities to locate in the region e. takes its name from the material used to make microchips

a. is a center for developing new ideas to generate growth

Which is most responsible for deindustrialization in highly developed countries? a. low wages in developing countries b. easy capital financing in developing countries c. the shortage of raw materials in developed countries d. labor shortages in developed countries e. the lack of strong unions in developed countries

a. low wages in developing countries

The EPZs found in Mexico are known as a. maquiladoras b. special economic zones c. backwash regions d. free zones e. urban enterprise zones

a. maquiladoras

According to central place theory, the threshold is defined as the: a. minimum number of people needed to support a service b. distance away from a central place c. economic base of a central place d. gross value of the product minus the costs of production e. point at which consumer movement is at a minimum

a. minimum number of people needed to support a service

The best example of a job in the quinary sector of the economy is a. minister of finance in a national government b. chef at a top-rated restaurant c. short-order cook at a diner d. maintenance engineer at a tire plant e. athletic trainer for a professional sports team

a. minister of finance in a national government

Around a local university, there are pizza restaurants, fast-food restaurants, and coffee shops. This type of development is best characterized by the a. multiple nuclei model. b. concentric zone model. c. Sub-Saharan African city model. d. sector model. e. peripheral model.

a. multiple nuclei model.

Which is most likely to decrease as a neighborhood becomes gentrified? a. number of older buildings b. property tax rates c. variety of cultural opportunities d. enrollment in private high schools e. average household income

a. number of older buildings

Compared to more developed countries, less developed countries have a higher percentage of workers in which sector of the economy? a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. all three sectors e. B and C

a. primary

The goal of commercial agriculture is a. profit maximazation. b. establishment of seed banks throughout the world. c. sustainable farming practices. d. genetic diversity of seeds. e. minimal food security.

a. profit maximazation.

Urban agriculture can benefit urban society in all of the following ways EXCEPT a. replace agribusiness as the main focus of global food production. b. strengthen food security for urban families. c. create sustainable food systems in urban areas. d. provide jobs for women and children. e. turn urban waste into a resource when utilized in a safe manner.

a. replace agribusiness as the main focus of global food production.

What feature of many large Latin American cities is illustrated by Mexico City's Paseo de la Reforma, a wide avenue lined with trees, tall office buildings, and mansions? a. the commercial spine b. the periferico c. the disamenity zone d. the zone in transition

a. the commercial spine

According to the gravity model, the greatest interaction would be between two cities that are a. 100 miles apart and have populations of 1,000,000 each b. 100 miles apart and have populations of 2,000,000 each c. 500 miles apart and have populations of 2,000,000 each d. 100 miles apart and have populations of 200,000 each e. 500 miles apart and have populations of 200,000 each

b. 100 miles apart and have populations of 2,000,000 each

Which of the following does NOT have a well-known example of a relic boundary? a. Germany b. Bolivia c. Vietnam d. China e. United Kingdom

b. Bolivia

The Township and Range System is to the American Plains as the long-lot survey system is to ___. a. Germany b. French America c. England d. Japan e. South Africa

b. French America

1. Ring 1 (orange) 2. Ring 2 (green) 3. Ring 3 (yellow) 4. Ring 4 (red)

b. Horticulture and Dairy d. Forestry a. Field crops, grains c. Ranching, livestock

All of the following are true of the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT a. Technological advancements such as steam power and machine tools helped make the Industrial Revolution possible. b. Industrialization happened nearly simultaneously in most areas of the world in the 18th century c. The Industrial Revolution marked the transition from manual labor and draft animals to mechanization. d. Despite social and economic problems, standards of living and income increased for most people in industrializing countries e. One of the first industries transformed by the Industrial Revolution was the textile industry.

b. Industrialization happened nearly simultaneously in most areas of the world in the 18th century

Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe the Green Revolution? a. It required the use of new seeds and lots of fertilizer, pesticides, and water. b. It greatly improved crop yields in Sub-Saharan Africa. c. It was an attempt to feed a growing world population. d. It changed centuries-old methods of farming. e. It centered on increased rice, wheat, and maize yields.

b. It greatly improved crop yields in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Which of the following groups represents a nation without a state? a. Turks b. Kurds c. Germans d. Albanians e. Israelis

b. Kurds

What is the most noticeable geographic trend in the last 30 years with respect to the world's twenty most populated cities? a. Compared to 30 years ago, a much larger percentage of cities are now located in Europe. b. Most of the 20 cities are now located in less developed countries. c. The specific cities have not changed in 30 years; they have only grown in population. d. Most of the 20 cities are now located in Africa. e. Most of the 20 most populated cities are now located in more developed countries.

b. Most of the 20 cities are now located in less developed countries.

Edge cities would most likely be associated with which urban model? a. Multiple nuclei model b. Peripheral, or Galactic City, model c. Sector model d. Concentric zone model e. Central business district model

b. Peripheral, or Galactic City, model

Which of the following is not part of the Sustainable Development Goals? a. Access to sustainable energy for all b. Provision of internet services for all c. Availability of water and sanitation for all d. Promotion of decent jobs for all

b. Provision of internet services for all

Which of the following best explains why the New England region, located in the northeastern United States, would specialize in market gardening agriculture rather than other types of agriculture, such as grain farming? a. Market gardening products can be easily transported to the primary market of California without spoiling. b. Several large cities on the East Coast provide a growing market and shorter distances for transporting market gardening products. c. Farmers can specialize in market gardening products because of the rocky soil found in many New England states. d. Wheat farming would require more machinery, which conflicts with the environmental standards of many states in New England. e. Market gardening zones allow farmers the flexibility to grow market gardening crops along with other grain crops.

b. Several large cities on the East Coast provide a growing market and shorter distances for transporting market gardening products.

Which factor in the last quarter of the 20th century greatly destablized Eastern Europe and led to ethnic conflict? a. The invasion by the Soviets b. The end of the Cold War c. The introduction of new languages d. The adoption of the EU e. The acceptance of many Eastern European countries into the EU

b. The end of the Cold War

Which of the following is NOT true of microcredit programs? a. Microcredit loans are given to poor people, particularly women. b. The programs tend to reinforce male dominance in society. c. Repayment rates are high, hovering at 98 percent. d. Many NGOs offer microcredit programs. e. The programs can also help alleviate malnourishment.

b. The programs tend to reinforce male dominance in society.

An important development that stimulated the growth of the Industrial Revolution was the a. the First Agricultural Revolution. b. the Second Agricultural Revolution. c. the Third Agricultural Revolution. d. the Neolithic Revolution. e. the Green Revolution.

b. the Second Agricultural Revolution.

All of the following states may suffer from poor internal communication and difficulty defending its borders due to its shape EXCEPT a. Chile b. Uganda c. Italy d. Indonesia e. Vietnam

b. Uganda

According to Burgess' concentric zone model, the "zone in transition" is a transition zone between a. urban and suburban areas. b. businesses in the CBD and more purely residential areas in the outer zones. c. poor and middle-class neighborhoods. d. middle-class and wealthy neighborhoods. e. suburban and rural areas.

b. businesses in the CBD and more purely residential areas in the outer zones.

Suburbanization causes cities to lose populations to areas surrounding them, which leads to a. centralization and international immigration. b. decentralization and urban sprawl. c. a shift from a manufacturing economy to an information-based service economy. d. congestion and racial tension. e. intense building in inner cities.

b. decentralization and urban sprawl.

As an urban neighborhood's socioeconomic status decreases, its residents are more likely to be denied the opportunity to a. commute to rural areas. b. enter into mortgages and receive home loans. c. find employment in the city's central district. d. participate in city government meetings. e. attend local public schools.

b. enter into mortgages and receive home loans.

In many cities, frequent displacement of minority populations with low incomes is often caused by the process of a. urban blight. b. gentrification. c. social reproduction. d. rent control. e. traffic congestion.

b. gentrification.

Fayetteville, Arkansas has become a ________ because of Wal-Mart. a. high-technology corridor b. growth pole c. the most polluted city in America d. techno pole e. break-of-bulk point

b. growth pole

Deindustrialization occurs at the national level when heavy industry moves to locations with a. a more educated population. b. lower production costs. c. higher industrial-economic development. d. great access to major ports. e. economies more geared toward tertiary economic activities.

b. lower production costs.

In the Mediterranean area, the most important cash crops are a. citrus fruits and grape nuts b. olives and grapes c. tomatoes and lettuce d. cotton and sugarcane e. rubber and tobacco

b. olives and grapes

Until recently, many transportation plans for urban areas failed to create space for environmentally friendly corridors for transportation such as a. airspace for helicopters and private planes b. pedestrian walkways and bicycle paths c. overpasses for private bus lines d. waterways for freight ships e. highways and side streets

b. pedestrian walkways and bicycle paths

The focus of the Green Revolution was a. inventing new forms of food to add variety to the human diet b. reducing starvation in less-developed countries c. improving crop yields in commercial agribusiness corporations d. saving undeveloped land from urban sprawl e. encouraging the use of fertilizers less damaging to the environment

b. reducing starvation in less-developed countries

Which has been a partially effective response to the problems of public housing? a. blockbusting, because it makes affordable housing more available. b. scattered-site housing, because it places families in safer areas with better schools c. redlining, because it limits bad housing investments in the inner city d. gentrification, because it creates a safer and more diverse community e. eminent domain, because it allows government to gain vast urban lands to develop

b. scattered-site housing, because it places families in safer areas with better schools

Core-periphery models are generally based on the idea that: a. all world regions are equally well developed b. sharp spatial contrasts in social and economic development exist between economic heartlands and outlying subordinate areas c. the growth and prosperity of core countries has not been achieved at the expense of peripheral countries d. Core-periphery models are generally based on the idea that e. levels of social and economic development are fairly uniform between core areas and peripheral areas

b. sharp spatial contrasts in social and economic development exist between economic heartlands and outlying subordinate areas

A state with control over its internal affairs has a. centripetal forces. b. sovereignty. c. nationality. d. self-determination. e. suffrage.

b. sovereignty.

A greenbelt policy encourages a city to curb the amount of construction on a city's edges to encourage growth in a. the city's industrial zones. b. the city's core. c. the city's transportation networks. d. the city's waterfront district. e. the city's suburbs.

b. the city's core.

Many borders act to create cultural distance between people of the same ethnic group, a phenomenon that most often leads to a. the unification of that ethnic group b. the fragmentation of that ethnic group c. the militarization of that ethnic group d. the political rise of that ethnic group e. the blending of that ethnic group with at least two other ethnic groups

b. the fragmentation of that ethnic group

The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), established by the United Nations, refers to a. the creation of the European Union (EU) b. the part of the ocean a coastal state has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over c. zones within a state where the trade laws are different than the rest of the state d. a trilateral trade bloc in North America e. a grouping of developing countries that require foreign aid

b. the part of the ocean a coastal state has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over

The seasonal migration of animal livestock from lowland pastures to mountainous regions is termed a. intensive subsistence agriculture b. transhumance c. mixed crop and livestock farming d. double cropping e. swidden agriculture

b. transhumance

New York City, like other large urban centers with great ports, is called a break-of-bulk location because: a. large dock warehouses are available where goods can be stored until sold. b. transported cargo can be transferred from one kind of carrier to another. c. plentiful labor is available to unload massive cargo ships. d. markets are readily available for shipped goods.

b. transported cargo can be transferred from one kind of carrier to another.

Outsourced industrial production in less-developed countries often relies on female labor because a. women are more skilled at operating machinery than men are b. wage rates for women are much lower than for men c. social taboos prevent women from working in the service sector d. women are not protected by international labor laws e. men are engaged mainly in agriculture

b. wage rates for women are much lower than for men

A major impact of World War II on the imperialist nations of the world was to: a. make them more dependent on products from their colonies. b. weaken them so they granted independence to many colonies. c. increase their military presence in colonies. d. strengthen their ties to most colonies around the world. e. increase the number of countries who were competing to become imperialist.

b. weaken them so they granted independence to many colonies.

What would probably be the easiest shape of a state for national defense? a. Perforated b. Fragmented c. Compact d. Elongated e. Prorupted

c. Compact

According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country has a population of 10 million, the next largest city will have a population of a. 9 million b. 8 million c. 5 million d. 3.5 million e. 7.5 million

c. 5 million

According to Rostow's stages of development, which of the following is true? a. The colonial legacy will impede a country's economic growth. b. Deindustrialization is accounted for in the fifth and final stage. c. All countries will eventually pass through each of the five stages of economic development. d. Foreign investment is a necessary precondition for economic development in the second stage. e. Countries might not pass through each of the stages in a linear manner.

c. All countries will eventually pass through each of the five stages of economic development.

Which of the following is useful for describing a settlement node whose primary function is to provide support for the population in its hinterland? a. Core-periphery model b. Von Thünen's model of land use c. Christaller's model of central place d. Concentric zone model e. Rostow's model of economic development

c. Christaller's model of central place

Which of the following concepts explains the decision to relocate market-oriented factories in the United States from the Midwest and Northeast to locations in the southern United States or Mexico? a. Post-Fordist production, because traditional midwestern and northeastern manufacturing centers in the United States are unable to keep up with the technological changes of modern industry. b. Complementarity, because the regional economy of the midwestern and northeastern United States is shifting to the service sector. There is little interest in maintaining manufacturing at these locations. c. Comparative advantage, because products can be made more efficiently in the southern United States and Mexico. Operating costs and wages are lower, and the manufactured products are easily transported to major United States markets. d. Growth poles, because governments in southern United States cities and Mexico strive to stimulate economic development by providing a guaranteed market for all products manufactured at these locations. e. Just-in-time delivery, because the United States population is shifting to the south and west, and the Mexican population is growing. It is critical to produce goods closer to the consumer base to reduce shipping times.

c. Comparative advantage, because products can be made more efficiently in the southern United States and Mexico. Operating costs and wages are lower, and the manufactured products are easily transported to major United States markets.

An excellent example of a primate city that serves as the focus of a country and its culture is a. Calgary, Canada b. Seattle, United States c. Copenhagen, Denmark d. Marseilles, France e. Tijuana, Mexico

c. Copenhagen, Denmark

Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states? a. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) b. Association of Caribbean States (ACS) c. European Union (EU) d. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) e. United Nations (UN)

c. European Union (EU)

Within the framework of central place theory, which of the following provides the lowest-order good or service? a. Orthodontist b. Furniture store c. Gas station d. High School e. Professional football stadium

c. Gas station

Exurbanization is the process of people moving to large homes in rural areas just outside of the suburbs. Which factor is strongest in promoting this process? a. Increases in land prices have made living on the edges of metropolitan areas more costly. b. Reductions in air pollution have made living in central cities more pleasant. c. Improvements in communications technology have made working from home easier. d. Decreases in family size have made living in central cities more affordable. e. Subsidies for mass transit have made commuting to central offices less expensive.

c. Improvements in communications technology have made working from home easier.

Which statement would be the most accurate regarding the bid-rent theory? a. More space is available in the urban core due to the plight of the inner city. b. Land value is constant throughout the urban area due to the high demand for residential space there. c. Land value is the highest in the central business district, and land value decreases with distance from the CBD. d. Land value is the highest in the suburbs, resulting in bigger houses. e. More space is available in the suburbs due to higher demand for land there.

c. Land value is the highest in the central business district, and land value decreases with distance from the CBD.

What effect does low ridership have on public transportation systems in U.S. cities? a. Low ridership has no effect, as governments recognize the importance of the systems. b. Low ridership leads poorer residents to buy more cars, leading to higher rates of pollution and congestion. c. Low ridership leads to higher fares to cover costs, which lowers ridership further. d. Low ridership leads to lower fares to attract more riders. e. Low ridership leads to increased routes in order to find more riders.

c. Low ridership leads to higher fares to cover costs, which lowers ridership further.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the major cities of the world? a. Most are found in areas that are not very suitable for agriculture. b. The world's fastest-growing cities are found in areas with the highest standards of living. c. Most are located on rivers or seacoasts. d. Most primate cities are located in the United States and western Europe. e. They are concentrated between the tropic of Cancer and the tropic of Capricorn.

c. Most are located on rivers or seacoasts.

What is a likely result of a rapid rise in the rate of rural-urban migration? a. An increase in the number of health problems in rural areas b. An increase in the number of children in urban areas c. Overcrowding urban areas d. A decrease in the number of businesses in rural areas e. Increased literacy in rural areas

c. Overcrowding urban areas

Which of the following is an example of a common type of gerrymandering? a. Spreading voters of a majority group into several districts b. Raising campaign funds for a particular political party c. Packing voters of a minority group into a single district d. Creating organized row patterns while redrawing an electoral map

c. Packing voters of a minority group into a single district

Which of the following best describes the process of gentrification in United States and Canadian cities? a. Government-led planning of public spaces such as parks and riverfronts b. The sale of naming rights for stadiums and arenas c. Privately funded redevelopment of existing commercial and residential buildings d. An increase in construction of new housing for elderly and retired persons e. The expansion of suburban housing developments on the urban periphery

c. Privately funded redevelopment of existing commercial and residential buildings

Which of the following is the name for refusing to give loams to people living in specific areas of the city? a. Blockbusting b. Ghettoization c. Redlining d. White flight e. Segregation

c. Redlining

Which of the following would NOT be an example of a stateless nation? a. Tibet b. Catalonia c. The Ottoman Empire d. The Kurds e. The Palestinians

c. The Ottoman Empire

What was a distinctive feature of the world's superpowers between the 1940s and 1980s compared to other eras? a. The superpowers used religion to settle conflicts. b. The United States and the Soviet Union were superpowers for the first time. c. The number of superpowers was much lower than in the past. d. The two superpowers were never involved in wars.

c. The number of superpowers was much lower than in the past.

Which of the following can be an example of a centrifugal political force? a. Homogeneous ethnic population b. Concentrated ownership of media c. Variation of language within the country d. Shift to tertiary economy e. Strong central government

c. Variation of language within the country

The mechanization of dairy farms has led to a. a decrease in the number of dairy farms leading to a decrease in milk and dairy product production. b. an increase in the number of small dairy farms in developed regions due to an excess number of available laborers. c. an increase in milk and dairy product production but a decrease in the number of dairy farms. d. an increase in the number of small dairy farms in the less developed regions. e. an increase in milk and dairy product production and an increase in dairy farm labor.

c. an increase in milk and dairy product production but a decrease in the number of dairy farms.

Less developed countries, producing cash crops such as sugar, a. plant less in order to drive up the prices. b. set the market price themselves. c. are at the mercy of the purchasing countries that set the prices. d. cooperate with each other to determine global prices and demand.

c. are at the mercy of the purchasing countries that set the prices.

During the 1950s, many urban American neighborhoods came to be segregated because of redling, a practice engaged in by a. renovators of historic homes. b. civil rights activists. c. banks and other lending institutions. d. independent surveyors. e. corporate real estate directors.

c. banks and other lending institutions.

The European Union began with the development of a _. a. consumer class b. plural society c. common market d. defense organization

c. common market

Commercial agriculture is distinguished from subsistence agriculture by all BUT which of the following? a. larger farm size b. heavy use of machinery c. crop output consumed on the farm d. low percentage of farmers in the labor force e. surplus crop production

c. crop output consumed on the farm

The purpose for the creation of NATO was to: a. defend Europe against a second Nazi invasion. b. form an economic alliance for trade between Europe and North America. c. defend North America and Western Europe against the threat of communism. d. form a binding peace treaty for all of Europe. e. defend northern Europe against Chinese missiles.

c. defend North America and Western Europe against the threat of communism.

Suburban growth in the United States in the mid-20th century was spurred most directly by the a. deterioration of the major intercontinental railroad lines. b. growing difficulty for merchants in central cities to provide goods to people in the hinterlands. c. growing reliability and popular pricing of automobiles. d. demand for smaller, more efficient houses e. expansion of public transportation systems.

c. growing reliability and popular pricing of automobiles.

The purpose of the locational triangle in Weber's model was to show where: a. cities of various sizes would be located in a state or country b. different kinds of neighborhoods would be located in a city. c. industries would decide to locate a factory d. culture hearths were most likely to be located e. various types of agriculture would be used

c. industries would decide to locate a factory

Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's people? a. pastoral nomadism b. hunting and gathering c. intensive subsistence d. shifting cultivation e. plantation

c. intensive subsistence

When a sovereign state undergoes the political process of devolution, it grants some of the powers of a. its local governments to its state governments. b. its local governments to its central government. c. its central government to its regional governments. d. its colonies to its central government. e. its central government to the government of another sovereign state.

c. its central government to its regional governments.

In the new global economy, an increasing proportion of influential financial decisions are being made in a. the field, close to the sources of agricultural production b. the informal sector c. major corporate centers such as New York, London, and Tokyo d. regional centers and small towns where fax machines are used e. national capitals because of the increasing importance of the nation state

c. major corporate centers such as New York, London, and Tokyo

Which commodity would be found closest to the market town in von Thunen's model? a. wheat b. firewood c. milk d. beef

c. milk

Service-based economies are focused on all of the following EXCEPT a. tourism. b. telecommunications. c. mining. d. marketing. e. sales.

c. mining.

The large percentage of population involved in agriculture in China indicates that a. most people consume an inadequate amount of calories. b. few people are unemployed. c. most people must produce food for their own survival. d. factory production cannot expand. e. the country imports most of its food.

c. most people must produce food for their own survival.

There are 435 seats in the US House of Representatives and these are based on each state's relative population. When changes are made to the allocation of these seats, politics and political influence is changed at a _ scale. a. local b. state c. national d. regional e. global

c. national

The development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable communities with a diversity of housing and jobs is called a. zoning laws. b. spaces of consumption. c. new urbanism. d. urbicide. e. urban morphology.

c. new urbanism.

The Canadian government created the new territory of Nunavut in order to: a. re-create the pre-1912 boundary of Quebec b. facilitate the exploration of mineral resources in the Northwest Territories c. recognize the territorial rights of indigenous people in the area d. guarantee Canadian fishing rights in the Atlantic Ocean e. grant autonomy to the Cree and Mohawk people living in eastern Canada

c. recognize the territorial rights of indigenous people in the area

Sometimes countries in the EU give up some control of their own affairs to work together on goals they all share. This is a form of _. a. sustainable development b. spatial equality c. supranational cooperation d. economic collaboration

c. supranational cooperation

Notice how the crosses in the flags of Scotland, England, and Northern Ireland are combined in the flag of the United Kingdom. Which process does this represent? a. the process of irredentism in uniting people with the same culture b. the formation of autonomous regions within a state c. the creation of a single state out of separate nations d. the centrifugal forces pulling a country apart e. the balkanization of the British Isles

c. the creation of a single state out of separate nations

A free trade zone is an area where a. ideas are exchanged in an academic setting to increase the academic activity of the country. b. large open markets are set up in poor countries for the exchange of international currencies. c. the normal trade laws of a country, such as tariffs, bureaucratic requirements, and quotas, are eliminated in hopes of stimulating foreign trade and industry. d. people bring agricultural products for trade and barter. e. black market trade is carried out under government supervision.

c. the normal trade laws of a country, such as tariffs, bureaucratic requirements, and quotas, are eliminated in hopes of stimulating foreign trade and industry.

In central place theory, the size of population required to make it economically feasible to provide certain services is called a. functional zonation. b. the hinterland. c. the threshold. d. the tipping point. e. the range.

c. the threshold.

When Alfred Weber published his book Theory of the Location of Industries (1909), what did he select as the most critical determinant of regional industrial location? a. availability of labor b. costs of labor c. transportation costs d. nearby markets

c. transportation costs

Which of the following best describes the concept of self-determination? a. When a nation is spread across multiple states b. A group of people who have a different ethnic background from their state, but lack a desire to govern themselves c. The process in which a state breaks down due to ethnic conflicts d. A group of people who have a cultural identity, with a right/desire to govern themselves

d. A group of people who have a cultural identity, with a right/desire to govern themselves

A stateless nation lacks which of the following things? a. Politically recognized boundaries b. An internationally recognized government c. Control over its internal & external affairs d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Often crops are associated with regions other than the one in which they were developed. For example, the "Irish" or "Idaho" potato originated in the Andean Highlands. Corn of the American "Corn Belt" originated in a. West Africa. b. the Fertile Crescent. c. Southeast Asia. d. Central America. e. the Indus Valley.

d. Central America.

In North America, which of the following frequently consumed items is most likely to be supplied by a trans-national corporation? a. Water b. Bread c. Electricity d. Coffee e. Milk

d. Coffee

Which of the following groups of American cities is part of the Rust Belt? a. San Jose, Palo Alto, and Cupertino b. Atlanta, Augusta, and Knoxville c. Alburquerque, Tucson, and Phoenix d. Detroit, Buffalo, and Cleveland e. St. Louis, Little Rock, and Oklahoma City

d. Detroit, Buffalo, and Cleveland

The Green Revolution involved all of the following EXCEPT a. the development of higher yield seeds. b. a decreased reliance on humans for agricultural labor. c. an increased use of scientific research in agriculture. d. a decreased use of pesticides. e. an increased use of fertilizer.

d. a decreased use of pesticides.

Which actually explains a difference between the HDI composite index and GDP as measures of development? a. HDI is used more for analyzing less developed countries, while GDP is used mostly for more developed countries. b. HDI does not include indicators of health, but GDP does. c. HDI shows Latin America is more developed than Europe, while GDP shows the opposite. d. HDI includes life expectancy and educational variables, while GDP focuses on only economic development. e. HDI is always reported as a per capita measure but GDP rarely is.

d. HDI includes life expectancy and educational variables, while GDP focuses on only economic development.

One of the major catalysts for the industrial revolution in England was: a. Steve Job's microprocessor. b. Henry Ford's assembly line. c. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. d. James Watt's steam engine. e. Horace Greeley's "manifest destiny."

d. James Watt's steam engine.

Which of the following is not an example of a type of enclave? a. Chinatown b. Lesotho c. Vatican City d. Kaliningrad e. San Marino

d. Kaliningrad

Based upon Wallerstein's World Systems Theory, which of the following countries best fits the description of a peripheral country? a. Germany b. Japan c. China d. Mali e. Brazil

d. Mali

Which of the following best explains a benefit of membership in the European Union? a. Member states receive equal numbers of international migrants, which ensures even distribution of resources. b. Member states have more secure borders, which guards against conflict. c. Member states receive annual payments from the European Union, which boosts gross national income. d. Member states form a single market, which creates a powerful economic bloc. e. Member states are eligible to receive loans from the European Union, which protects states against recession.

d. Member states form a single market, which creates a powerful economic bloc.

Which of the following models best represents an old colonial port zone and its surrounding commercial districts? a. Islamic city model b. Latin American city model c. Galactic city model d. Southeast Asian city model e. Multiple nuclei model

d. Southeast Asian city model

The 1970s and 1980s departure of Caucasian middle- and high-income families from urban areas to outlying areas, termed white flight, was characterized primarily as a. an eco-movement. b. a political movement. c. a religious movement. d. a racial movement. e. a social movement.

d. a racial movement.

The median-line principle is often used to define a a. mountain boundary b. frontier c. consequent boundary d. a water boundary e. desert boundary

d. a water boundary

In the United States many farms are integrated into a large food production industry. This is known as a. mechanized farming. b. mixed crop and livestock farming. c. food processing. d. agribusiness. e. commercial farming.

d. agribusiness.

Shifting agriculture developed primarily a. in tropical and subtropical zones b. where soils cleared for farming quickly lose their nutrients c. where traditional farmers had to abandon land after the soil became infertile d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Under the bid rent theory, a. business look for the cheapest rents without caring about location. b. the lowest rents are in the urban city centers. c. the most physically attractive locations earn the highest rents. d. areas easily accessible to the city center earn the highest rents. e. landlords will accept bids for renting commercial real estate.

d. areas easily accessible to the city center earn the highest rents.

Technopoles tend to locate near a. electricity supplies. b. cheap labor. c. raw materials. d. centers of research and development. e. large markets.

d. centers of research and development.

The overgrazing of pasture areas in arid climates has caused which problem? a. mass starvation b. deforestation c. soil salinization d. desertification e. global warming

d. desertification

Today, states act to establish control over disputed areas of the sea primarily by: a. charting endangered species in uninhabited coastal areas b. allocating funding to increase the size of their naval forces c. attending international conventions on maritime law d. engaging in economic activities in coastal areas and open waters e. mapping uncharted areas of the world's oceans using advanced technology

d. engaging in economic activities in coastal areas and open waters

The increase in time and cost that comes with distance over which commodities must travel is referred to as __ a. distance decay. b. production costs. c. vertical integration. d. friction of distance. e. distribution costs.

d. friction of distance.

Prior to 1850 the location of all major North American cities was related, chiefly, to the presence of a. transcontinental highways b. water power c. railroad junctions d. navigable waterways e. defensive sites

d. navigable waterways

Which of the terms listed below describes the entrenchment of the old system of dominance by core countries on periphery countries under an economic rather than direct political/military control? a. neo-nihilism b. developing dominance c. colonialism d. neo-colonialism e. transhumance

d. neo-colonialism

By 1992, the most widely grown crop variety on Earth was a product of the Green Revolution called IR36, which was a variety of a. maize b. wheat c. potatoes d. rice e. soybeans

d. rice

Assembly of a car reflects which sector of the economy? a. quartenary b. quinary c. tertiary d. secondary e. primary

d. secondary

The model of urban land use in the diagram above differs from Hoyt's sector model in that it's main focus is to a. put more emphasis on separation of residential areas by social class. b. show high-class residential areas to be further from the city center. c. deemphasize the importance of concentric zones. d. show cities developing from several nodes of growth, not just one. e. account for the growth of edge cities.

d. show cities developing from several nodes of growth, not just one.

While Southeast Asia exports significant quantities of rice, most farming in the region is a ____________ activity. a. commercial b. industrial c. part-time d. subsistence e. mechanized

d. subsistence

The land survey system that makes use of natural features to mark irregular parcels of land is called a. primogeniture. b. the long-lot survey system. c. the township and range survey system. d. the metes and bounds approach. e. the rectangular survey system.

d. the metes and bounds approach.

A buffer state is a politically neutral state that lies between two more powerful states and acts a. as a taxing authority for both states b. to minimize the religious authority of major institutions c. to enhance both states' political powers d. to balance power between the two states e. to stop immigrants from traveling to the larger of the two states

d. to balance power between the two states

A part of a country that is separated from the main country by the territory of another country is a. a peninsula b. an enclave c. a colony d. an island e. an exclave

e. an exclave

During which time period were the most new sovereign states created in the world? a. 1750-1825 b. 1825-1900 c. 1900-1925 d. 1925-1945 e. 1945-2000

e. 1945-2000

Which of the following best describes the concept of a nation? a. A country with strong patriotism b. A group of people with a variety of ethnic groups, who all believe in the same religion c. A region that has control over its internal and external affairs d. A state that is no longer recognized as a state, but still retains its cultural identity e. A large group of people who are united by a shared culture or history

e. A large group of people who are united by a shared culture or history

Latin American cities have what common characteristic in the model developed by Dr. Larry Ford? a. Three distinct central business districts: colonial, traditional, and market zones. b. Dominance of the suburbs in urban growth. c. Favelas or squatter settlements in the interior of the central business districts. d. Transportation systems that ring the city and do not connect to the central business district. e. A spine of high-class housing extending from the city center.

e. A spine of high-class housing extending from the city center.

Most of the world's unitary states can be found on the continents of a. North American and South America b. Australia and Europe c. Australia and South America d. North America and Africa e. Africa and Asia

e. Africa and Asia

The Third Agricultural Revolution a. has also been called the Green Revolution. b. dates to about the 1950s. c. came at a time of growing concern about global hunger. d. has been criticized for reducing genetic diversity and increasing groundwater pollution. e. All of the above

e. All of the above

a. Services will be clustered in the primate city. b. Services will not be evenly distributed throughout the country. c. Smaller cities find it difficult to compete for services with the primate city. d. People in rural areas and small cities feel compelled to migrate to the primate city for jobs. e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Buying a cup of Fair Trade certified coffee at Starbucks a. is an example of consuming a luxury crop. b. ensures that coffee farmers are paid a fair price for their product. c. places you at the end of a global commodity chain. d. influences the socio-cultural landscape in parts of Latin America. e. All of the above.

e. All of the above.

The Rhine River is an example of which type of boundary? a. Relic b. Geometric c. Artificial d. Subsequent e. Antecedent

e. Antecedent

What city were the concetric zone and the sector model modeled after in the early 1900s? a. Philadelphia b. New York City c. Boston d. Los Angeles e. Chicago

e. Chicago

Why do many African cities contain multiple commercial districts? a. African were traditionally not allowed to use the CBD used by Europeans b. Locations of Africa's business districts were poorly chosen, requiring multiple downtowns c. African governments promoted multiple CBD's through urban planning d. One CBD is not enough to serve African's fast-growing urban population e. Colonial central business districts emerged separately from the traditional commercial centers

e. Colonial central business districts emerged separately from the traditional commercial centers

Of the following, which is the best example of a footloose industry? a. Steel b. Tuna canning c. Wine making d. Furniture e. Computer chip

e. Computer chip

The Aozou Strip, between Chad and Libya, is a good example of a. the median-line principal b. a physical boundary. c. a proruption. d. a frontier e. a geometric boundary.

e. a geometric boundary.

Which often happens to an industrial site after the factory on it closes? a. In most poor countries, it often becomes an office park. b. In the South and West of the United States, it usually remains vacant. c. In the Great Lakes Region, it usually attracts new industry. d. In EPZs, it is almost always reclaimed as a recreational site. e. In old industrial areas, it often becomes a brownfield site.

e. In old industrial areas, it often becomes a brownfield site.

In the United States suburbanization increased in the 1960s and resulted in which of the following? a. Increased use of public transportation b. High unemployment rates in the suburbs as jobs remained downtown c. Renovation of city centers and increased employment opportunities d. Improved race relations through gentrification e. Loss of tax base and increased poverty rates in city centers

e. Loss of tax base and increased poverty rates in city centers

The popularity of which of the following is an example of the trend toward ecotourism? a. Ski resorts in Chile b. Time-share condominiums on the coast of Spain c. Artificial lakes in Texas d. Recreational canals in Florida e. National parks in Costa Rica

e. National parks in Costa Rica

All of the following describe food deserts EXCEPT a. Residents of food deserts may rely more on convenience stores and fast food restaurant. b. Those who live in food deserts are at a financial and nutritional disadvantage. c. Food deserts are defined as parts of the country lacking access to fresh fruit, vegetables, and other healthful whole foods, and are usually found in impoverished areas. d. High rates of obesity have been found to be linked to the location of food deserts. e. None. All of the above are true statements.

e. None. All of the above are true statements.

Which of the following was NOT a reason for rapid suburbanization in the United States after the Second World War? a. Mass production of the automobile b. Expansion of the interstate highway system c. Expansion of home construction d. Availability of low down payment terms and long-term mortgages e. Reduction in long-distance commuting

e. Reduction in long-distance commuting

"The central city often consists of three CBDs: the remains of the colonial CBD, an informal open-air market zone, and a transitional business center where business is conducted in less transitory, but somewhat makeshift buildings, stalls or storefronts. Residential zones based on ethnicity ring the CBD." The statements above most accurately describe cities in a. Europe b. Latin America c. Asia d. North America e. Sub-Saharan Africa

e. Sub-Saharan Africa

The port of Los Angeles is the busiest port in the United States and a major break-of-bulk point. Which of the following statements correctly explains why Los Angeles is a break-of-bulk point? a. The massive warehouses located at the port allow goods from container ships to be stored easily for long periods of time. b. Goods can be transferred to other container ships going to the port of San Francisco. c. The robotic systems at the port results in fewer workers being required to unload container ships. d. Los Angeles is on the Pacific Ocean allowing for more trade with countries in Asia. e. The port can accommodate large container ships that can be unloaded quickly so that containers can be transferred onto carriers that use California's highway and rail systems.

e. The port can accommodate large container ships that can be unloaded quickly so that containers can be transferred onto carriers that use California's highway and rail systems.

Which of the following is a true statement about classic models of city structure? a. The concentric zone model does not have a transitional area. b. The interaction between the central city and the suburbs is greatest in the urban realm model. c. The central business district has the most dominant position in the multiple nuclei model. d. The multiple nuclei model and the sector model are similar in that they both have only one core. e. The sector model is highly influenced by transportation patterns.

e. The sector model is highly influenced by transportation patterns.

1. Shifting cultivation 2. Pastoral nomadism 3. Cattle ranching 4. Specialty or truck farming 5. Wine vineyard

e. Tropical rain forest c. Arid/semi-arid b. Semi-arid a. Humid subtropical d. Mediterranean

Which feature is typical of a postindustrial landscape? a. an offshore natural gas well b. a large manufacturing area near an urban core c. a modern day farm d. an aluminum smelter e. a corporate research park

e. a corporate research park

The centralized power of a unitary state is most likely to be threatened by the development of a. a broad trade agreement with neighboring state b. a constitution that requires citizens to be born within the state c. voting districts that divide large rural areas d. a new religion found only within the state e. a self-governing region

e. a self-governing region

Squatter settlements exist in cities of less-developed countries because a. city governments set aside vacant areas for new migrants b. new migrants need to be isolated from other city residents until they adjust to urban life c. people want to live near the center of the city, where jobs are located d. new migrants prefer to live in squatter settlements with other recent migrants e. affordable housing is not available elsewhere for new migrants to the city

e. affordable housing is not available elsewhere for new migrants to the city

Several high-tech companies developed in Silicon Valley in Northern California. This demonstrates the principle of a. outsourcing b. market dependence c. post-Fordism d. back office processing e. agglomeration economies

e. agglomeration economies

A clustering of doctor's offices and pharmacies near hospitals is BEST explained by the benefits of a. enfranchisement. b. decentralization. c. intervening opportunity. d. balkanization. e. agglomeration.

e. agglomeration.

Which statement correctly describes hunting and gathering? a. All humans obtained their food this way before the invention of agriculture. b. It is often a form of nomadism. c. This form of subsistence is still practiced. d. Hunter-gatherers live in small groups. e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Which activity most directly uses racial prejudisce to perpetuate segregation in housing? a. gentrification by young professionals and suburbanites moving into the inner city b. ideas of new urbanism applied by developers who are creating mixed-use neighborhoods c. scattered-site housing by city governments to keep the poor in the city d. leapfrogging over suburbs by developers to expand communities far from the inner city e. blockbusting by realtors who want to promote movement to the suburbs

e. blockbusting by realtors who want to promote movement to the suburbs

The celebration of a national holiday is often an example of a. insurgency b. irredentism c. terrorism d. centrifugal force e. centripetal force

e. centripetal force

Which of the following is not a necessary criterion for a state? a. recognition by other states b. sovereignty c. a permanent population d. defined border e. common culture and identity

e. common culture and identity

Wallerstein's capitalist world economy argues that global economic activities are controlled by a. rimland countries. b. European countries. c. heartland countries. d. countries of the periphery. e. core countries.

e. core countries.

Today, city planners work to create healthy urban environments by designing neighborhoods and streets that allow residents to a. easily access health clinics of all sizes. b. drive without obstacles. c. commute quickly to schools and workplaces. d. obtain organic foods. e. engage in regular exercise.

e. engage in regular exercise.

The practice of drawing the boundaries of voting districts to give an unfair advantage to one political party is called a. redistrict. b. separatism. c. containment. d. domino theory. e. gerrymandering.

e. gerrymandering.

A federal state is likely to possess a. a leader with the power to revise the state's constitution b. citizens who favor democratic elections c. a king and queen d. a large amount of mineral resources e. multiple systems of checks and balances

e. multiple systems of checks and balances

A boundary that was put in place by an outside, conquering, or other political power that ignores the cultural organizations of the landscape is called a a. physical boundary b. cultural boundary c. buffer state d. relic boundary e. superimposed boundary

e. superimposed boundary

In central place theory, range, or the maximum distance a consumer will travel to buy a good, is proportional to a. the cost of real property where the good is sold. b. the cost of not obtaining the good. c. the cost of living in the consumer's city. d. the wholesale cost of the good. e. the desire to obtain the good.

e. the desire to obtain the good.

The Gini coefficient measures the income disparity between a. men and women throughout developing countries. b. members of the middle class in European countries. c. residents of urban and rural areas in a country. d. workers in different industries in the same country. e. the wealthiest and poorest population groups in a country.

e. the wealthiest and poorest population groups in a country.

The Tuareg people of the Sahara and their animals seasonally migrate to the higher lands in the summer and the valleys in the winter. This is an example of a. livestock ranching b. livestock fattening c. swidden agriculture d. pastoral nomadism e. transhumance

e. transhumance

In von Thünen's theory, the key variable in an agricultural location decision is a. climate type b. value of agglomeration benefits c. labor cost d. cost of irrigation e. transportation cost

e. transportation cost

A state that is governed by a single centralized power with little power given to subnational units except as deemed by the central government is called a a. federal state b. puppet state c. Communist state d. single-party state e. unitary state

e. unitary state

Which question would most likely be studied using the Gini Index? a. whether religious traditions influence educational achievements b. whether push or pull factors are more influential on migration c. whether a country is moving closer to gender equality d. whether climate influences the infant mortality rate e. whether the income distribution influences economic growth

e. whether the income distribution influences economic growth

A --- state is a system of political organization with a central supreme government which holds the authority over and makes the decisions for subordinate local governments.

unitary