Apocrypha I
Changement
"Changing the feet". A vertical jump with a change of feet in the air (from fifth position front to fifth back).
Rectus Abdominis
The middle section of your inner abs, the v of your torso.
Thoracic Spine
The middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae.
External Oblique
The middle sides of the torso.
Chaînès
"Linked like a chain". A series of small turning steps with the feet in first position relevé. Weight is shifted rapidly from one to the other limb with each half turn. Performed continuously in rapid succession.
(Isadora) Duncan
"Mother of the Dance," and sought to reclaim the ancient Greek's approach to dance and a natural form of movement. Rebelling against ballet, she danced barefoot took off her corset and lived on her own terms, with little regard to social morses of the Victorian Era.
rubato
"Robbed" time; the free treatment of meter in performance
sonata
"to sound"; classical music composition for one or more instruments; one of the instruments is usually a keyboard; usually consists of 3 or 4 independent movements
Asatru
The modern revival of the Nordic Religion, believing in all of the Norse Gods, such as Odin, Thor, and loki, and the world tree, Yggdrasil, and the world cycle as well.
Aquinas
(1225) was an Italian Dominican friar and priest and an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism, where he was known as "Doctor Angelicus" and "Dr Communis" foremost classical proponent of natural theology father of Thomism Known for Summa Theologica and Summa contra Gentiles Known for his eucharistic hymns
Renaissance music
(1400-1600)was more secular; Ordinary people could purchase song books and books about how to play instruments; Most popular instrument was the lute (pear-shaped guitar) musicians included Tallis, Des Prez, and Pierre de La Rue
Bacon
(1561) a legendary English philosopher, scientist, lawyer, author, statesman, jurist and father of the scientific methods one of the most influential personalities in natural philosophy and was also a key thinker to develop new scientific methodologies served as both an Attorney Journal as well as Lord Chancellor of England known as the "Father of Empiricism" he is credited with developing inductive reasoning
Hobbes
(1588) a prominent English philosopher who is best known for his excellent work on political philosophy His 1651 work "The Leviathan" marked the foundation for numerous Western political philosophies amongst the primary founders of materialism in philosophy
Descartes
(1596) French mathematician, philosopher and writer, who has been popularly referred to as the "Father of Modern Philosophy" highlighted the importance of reason for the growth of natural sciences Works include "Meditations on First Philosophy" and known for Discourse on Method He is known for his philosophical statement "Corgito Ergo Sum" Known as the Father of Analytical Geometry
Baroque music
(1600-1760) an era of Enlightenment music between 1600-1750 characterized by basso continuo (continuous simple harpsichord or cello chords under complex melodies), little dynamics change, and by dense polyphony. This style greats include Johann Sebastian Bach (composer of Brandenburg Concerto) and George Handel.
Pascal
(1623) a French mathematician. physicist, inventor, writer, and Catholic philosopher came up with the mechanical calculator influential mathematician who made significant researches in areas like projective geometry and probability theory made important contribution in the arithmetic triangle and the cycloid SI unit for pressure named after him notable contribution include his law, triangle, and wager Religious work: Lettres provinciales and the Pensees" Father of the Computer
Locke
(1632) English philosopher and physician known as the "Father of Liberalism" Influenced the Declaration of Independence first to provide a definition of self figured out the mind was a blank state (tabula rasa)
Spinoza
(1632) frontrunner of radical thinking who created a namesake school of belief Known for The Ethics he was also a lens grinder
Leibniz
(1646) holds a prominent position in the domains of mathematics and philosophy famed as the developer of infinitesimal calculus one of the productive inventors of the calculator advanced the intent of the binary number system noted for his optimism and a supporter of rationalism Known for his Law of Continuity and Transcendental Law of Homogeneity
Hume
(1711) fabulous philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist from Scotland extremely popular for his amazing philosophical empiricism and skepticism Known for Treatise on Human Nature he wanted to develop the entire naturalistic "science of man" that studied human nature basis concluded that desire rather than reason controls behavior of humans He is known as the father of empiricism
Rousseau
(1712) one of the most influential thinkers during the enlightenment in 18th century Europe works: A Discourse on the Sciences and Arts, The Discourse on the Origin of Inequality claimed humans are basically good by nature, but were corrupted by the complex historical events that resulted in the present day society Works: the Emile, The Social Contract Father of Modern Democratic Theory
Galante
(1720s-1770s) The light, elegant musical style of the transitional periods between the baroque and Classical eras, in which the emphasis was on simple melodies and harmonies and homophonic textures. ex: Johann Quantz, Hassee, Giovanni, Battista Samartini
Kant
(1724) influential philosopher of the western Philosophy contributions to metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics have a profound impact on almost every philosophical movement that came after him Known for The Critique of Pure Reason large part of his work answers the question, "What can we know?" Father of Enlightenment and Father of Liberalism
Classical music
(1730-1820) traditional music genre conforming to an established form; composed and written using music notation and performed by professionally trained musicians; educated European tradition: art song, chamber music, opera, and symphony are all examples. Composers of this genre are: Beehtoven, Haydn, Mozart, Paganini
Bentham
(1748) Key founder of the Principle of Utility child prodigy associated with the Doctrine of Utilitarianism one of the earliest advocates of animal rights and idea of Panopticon Father of Utilitarianism
Hegel
(1770) German philosopher, major figure in German Idealism Developed a comprehensive philosophical framework or system of idealism to account in an integrated and developmental way for the relation of mind and nature precursor to Continental philosopher and Marxism Works: Science of Logic and The Phenomemology of Spirit
Romanticism
(1780-1910)19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason Composers: Berlioz, Bizet, Borodin, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Offenbach, Schumann
Comte
(1798) a prominent French philosopher who invented a new discipline, namely Sociology- which divides the subject into two categories "social statics" and "social dynamics" proposed the idea of positivism law of 3 stages in attempt to describe the three human mind steps- theological, metaphysical, and positive Father of Sociology
Mill
(1806) British philosopher and civil servant advocate of Utilitarianism Famous Works: Principles of Political Economy", "On Liberty", "Utilitarianism", "The Subjection of Women", "Three Essays on Religion" and his "Autobiography of John Stuart Mill"
Kierkegaard
(1813) Danish philosopher, theologian and religious philosophical work generally deals with the issues of living as a "single individual" and giving priority to concrete human reality over abstract thinking focuses mainly on Christian ethics and institution of the christian church interested in psychology wrote as many various pseudonumous characters key ideas include the concept of "Truth as Subjectivity", the knight of faith, the recollection and repetition dichotomy, angst, the infinite qualitative distinction, faith as a passion, and the three stages on life's way. father of christian existentialism
Bakunin
(1814) Legendary Russian revolutionary, anarchist and prolific writer, one of the most powerful propagators of anarchism founder of collectivist anarchism founder of the semi-secret organization "International Brotherhood" life full of struggles, never received any recognition for his philosophies and efforts during his lifetime
Marx
(1818) a political economist and revolutionary His ideas were influential in communist Europe Works include "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital"
Spencer
(1820) an English philosopher, biologist, and sociologist. one of the influential classical liberal political theorists of the Victorian Era was the first person to coin the term, "survival of the fittest" known for applying evolutionary theory to philosophy and calling it "synthetic philosophy" known for his political views, prominently for womens rights and for criticisms of utilitarian positivism. considered the Father of Social Darwansim
Herve
(1825-1892) man who most researchers believe should receive credit for creating and developing the operetta with his works such as L'Ours et le pacha
James
(1842) one of the original thinkers and famous American philosopher pioneering work in psychology landed him the title of "Father of American Psychology" Father of Pragmatism Book: The Principles of Psychology
Frege
(1848) German mathematician, logician and philosopher consider to be one of the founders of modern logic and made major contributions to the foundations of mathematics considered to be the father of analytic philosophy notable works include Begriffsschrift and The Foundations of Arithmatic
Whitehead
(1861) a British Mathematician who is known for his tremendous contributions in algebra, logic, foundations of mathematics, philosophy of science, physics, metaphysics, and education a scientist whose areas of expertise were maths and physics famous for coauthoring the historical "Principia Mathematica" with Russell primary ideaology was libertarian
Santauana
(1863) an influential 20th century American thinker whose philosophy connected a rich diversity of historical perspectives thought of materialism Wrote: The Last Puritan known for his quote, "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it"
The Beautiful Helen
(1864) this work by Offenbach is set in three acts and parodies the story of Helen's elopement with Paris which set off the Trojan war
Cox and Box
(1866) a one-act comic operetta, also known as The Long-Lost Brothers, it is a one-act comic opera composed by Arthur Sullivan. The story concerns a landlord who lets a room to two lodgers, one who works at night, and one who works in the day and they fight when they meet.
The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein
(1867) a three act opera by Offenbach that is a satirical critique of unthinking militarism and concerns a spoiled and tyrannical young Grand Duchess who learns that she cannot always get her way
The Bandits
(1869) an operetta by Jacques Offenbach that had a cheerfully amoral plot that held that "everyone steals according to their position in society"
Indigo and the Forty Thieves
(1871) an operetta composed by Johann Strauss II to a German liberetto by Maximillian Steiner based on the tale "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" from The Book of One Thousand and One Nights
Russell
(1872) philosopher. logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic from great Britain proud receiver of the Nobel prize for literature in 1950 founder of the analytic philosophy Work "On Denoting" has been acknowledged as a "paradigm of philosophy" remarkable anti-war activist-spoke against Hitler Worked with Whitehead to produce Principia Mathematica
Die Fledermaus (The Bat)
(1874) an operetta composed by Johann Strauss II, it became the most performed operetta of all time and tells of the revenge taken by a certain Dr. Falke on this Gabriel von Eisenstein for playing a practical joke on him.
HMS Pinafore
(1879) a comic operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan which had 571 performances and chronicles the love between Josephine and Ralph Rackshaw aboard the title location. It is also known as the lass that loved a sailor
The Pirates of Penzance
(1880) a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta the story of concerns Frederic, who having completed his 21st year on February 29, is released from his apprenticeship to a band of tender-hearted pirates. Realizing that his birthday is a leap year birthday, he must serve another 63 years with the pirates.
Wittgenstein
(1889) an Austrian philosopher who inspired two great philosophical movements of the 20th century applied modern logic to metapyisics Highly sensitive, got annoyed easily, and was disturbed by the things around him died from prostate cancer member of the analytical school of philosophy notable ideas include picture theory of language and the truth functions
Frau Luna
(1889) operetta by Paul Lincke that includes "Berliner Luft" ("Berlin Air") which became the unofficial anthem of Berlin
Modernism
(1890-1930) refers generally to the period of change and development in musical language that occurred at or around the turn of the 20th century, a period of diverse reactions in challenging and reinterpreting older categories of music, innovations that lead to new ways of organizing and approaching harmonic, melodic, sonic, and rhythmic aspects of music, and changes in aesthetic worldviews in close relation to the larger identifiable period of modernism in the arts of the time.
Hayek
(1899) Austrian born British economist twentieth century economist who can be tagged as the Renaissance man greatest advocate of Austrian economics honored with the Nobel Memorial prize for his humongous contribution in economics in the year 1974
Groupe des six
(1900s) name given to a group of six French composers who worked in Montparnasse they are: Auric, Durey, Honegger, Milhaud, Poulenc, Tailleferre
Lysistrata
(1902) an operetta by Paul Lincke that includes the song and tune "The Glow-Worm" which remains quite popular internationally
Popper
(1902) one of the most eminent philosophers of the 20th century primarily concerned with the questions of epistemology and methodology. Book: Logic of Scientific Discovery-- said that science based on the inductive approach was bound to fail and that all scientific knowledge was hypothetical and could only be critically tested Book: The Open Society and Its Enemies accused Plato, Hegel, and Marx of being prophets of totalitarianism
Second Viennese
(1903-1925) Name given to composer Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils Alban Berg and Anton Webern; represents the first efforts in twelve-tone composition.
The Merry Widow
(1905) an operetta by the Austro-Hungarian composer Franz Lehar that follows a rich widow and her contrymen's attempt to keep her money in the principality by finding her the right husband
Satre
(1905) excellent existentialist philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic chief figure in literary and philosophical existentialism awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1964 and denied accepting the same protesting bourgeois society's values. known for his long time polyamorous relationship with the feminist author and social theorist, Simone de Beuvoir Works include: The Transcendence of the Ego and the Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions
Candide
(1956) an operetta composed by American Leonard Bernstein based on the novella of the same name by Voltaire
Minimalism
(1960s) a reductive style or school of modern music utilizing only simple sonorities, rhythms, and patterns, with minimal embellishment or orchestrational complexity, and characterized by protracted repetition of figurations, obsessive structural rigor, and often a pulsing, hypnotic effect. the most prominent composers are John Adams, Louis Andriessen, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, Terry Riley, and La Monte Young
Contemporary music
(1975-now) currently most popular in a particular time and place artists include lady gaga, ariana grande, and papa cracker
Epicurus
(341 BC) an ancient Greek philosopher and prominent philosopher of the Hellenistic period. Founder of Epicureanism there are few fragments and letters from the 300 original works basic purpose of his philosophy was to acquire a happy and tranquil life, which was characterized by ataraxia which was complete freedom from worry and aponia, or absence of pain
Augustine
(354) an early Christian theologian and philosopher whose writings were very influential in the development of Western Christianity and Western Philosophy Works include City of God and Confessions Helped formulate the doctorine of original sin made seminal contributions to the just war theory
Aristotle
(384 BC) Greek philosopher known as the teacher of Alexander the Great most famous for his writings on physics, poetry, theatre, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology Known for Aristotelian syllogistic significant in the development of zoology father of Biology and Rhetoric known for ideas of gold mean, syllogism, hexis, hylomorphism, theory of the soul
Diogenes
(412) greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy from Sinope only person to be the pupil of Antisthenes one of the only few men to openly mock "Alexander the Great" and live believed in Cynicism he shamed plato he was hooked by pirates and sold into slavery Book: Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers
Plato
(428BC) classical Greek philosopher and mathematician student of Socrates founded the academy of Athens Wrote the Socratic Dialogues- 36 dialogues along with 13 letters assigned to Socrates
Socrates
(469) "As for me, All I know is that I know nothing" Mostly known to the world through dialogues and works of his students and followers like Plato and Xenophon, was one of the founder of Western Philosopher He has a method His students were Plato, Xenophon, Antisthenes, and other
Who composed song and dance?
(Andrew Lloyd) Weber
The Mikado
(Arthur Sullivan; W.S. Gilbert; 1885). The TC [Emperor of Japan] has made flirting a capital crime in Titipu, so the people have appointed an ineffectual executioner named Ko-Ko. Ko-Ko's ward, Yum-Yum, marries the wandering musician Nanki-Poo, and the two lovers fake their execution. The TC visits the town and forgives the lovers of their transgression. It includes the song "Three Little Maids From School Are We."
Who composed The Bartered Bride in 1866?
(Bedrich) Smetana
Who wrote The Bartered Bride in 1866?
(Bedrich) Smetana
Who composed A Midsummer Night's Dream?
(Benjamin) Britten
Who composed Annie?
(Charles) Strousse
Who composed Bye, Bye, Birdie?
(Charles) Strousse
Who composed Orfeo and Euridice?
(Christopher Willbald) Gluck
Who wrote The Seafarer?
(Conor) McPhereson
Who choreographed The Batered Bride?
(Daniel) Pelzig
Who composed Spring Awakening?
(Duncan) Sheik
Who wrote the story for Showboat?
(Edna) Ferber
Who wrote Hansel and Gretel?
(Engelbert) Humperdinck
Who composed Guys and Dolls?
(Frank) Loesser
Who wrote Amahl and the Night Visitors?
(Gain Carlo) Menotti
Who wrote the Phantom of the Opera?
(Gaston) Leroux
Who wrote Of Thee I Sing?
(George and Ira) Gershwin
Who composed Porgy and Bess?
(George) Gershwin
Who composed Carmen in 1875?
(Georges) Bizet
Who composed La Boheme in 1896?
(Giacomo) Puccini
Who composed Turnadot?
(Giacomo) Puccini
Who composed Barber of Seville in 1816?
(Gioacchino) Rossini
Who composed Falstaff in 1893?
(Giuseppe) Verdi
Who composed La Traviata in 1853?
(Guiseppe) Verdi
Who composed Rigoletto in 1851?
(Guiseppe) verdi
Who composed Hello Dolly?
(Jerry) Herman
Who composed The Threepenny Opera?
(Kurt) Weill
Who composed West Side Story?
(Leonard) Bernstein
Who composed In the Heights?
(Lin-Manuel) Miranda
Who wrote A Chorus Line?
(Michael) Bennett
Who composed The Golden Cockerel?
(Nikolai) Rimsky-Korsakov
nocturne
(Noun) A romantic melody or composition dealing with evening or night; a reverie
solo
(Old Testament) son of David and king of Israel noted for his wisdom (10th century BC)
Who composed Tommy?
(Pete) Townshend
Who composed Einstein on the Beach?
(Phillip) Glass
Who composed Eugene Onegin in 1876?
(Pyotr) Tchaikovsky
Who composed Salome in 1905?
(Richard) Strauss
Who composed the Flying Dutchman in 1843?
(Richard) Wagner
Who wrote the lyrics to West Side Story?
(Stephen) Sondeheim
Who composed Into the Woods?
(Stephen) Sondheim
Who composed the Company?
(Stephen) Sondheim
Who wrote Sweeny Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street?
(Stephen) Sondheim
Impressionist
(late 19th century-early 20th) Championed by Debussy. Strange harmonies, wandering feeling. Chromaticism, whole tone scales.
potpourri
(n.) a collection of diverse or miscellaneous items; a general mixture; petals mixed with spices for scent
Polyphemus
The most famous of the cyclopes, probably the chief. Outwitted by odysseus
Johann Strauss II
The most significant composer of the operetta in the German Language
Conflict
Drama is impossible without this. It can be Man vs Man, Man vs Nature, Man vs Self, Man vs Society
Leto
The mother to Apollo and Artemis, she is known for the myth that Hera was jealous of her scandal with Zeus, so caused all lands to shun her, unable to give birth. She found a tiny new island, not attached to the ocean floor, and gave birth to the Letoides, Apollo and Artemis
Abduction
The movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body, or from another part.
Chopra Center
The namesake figure of this religion is an Indian Born American physician who teaches they health and success can be found through a system a Ayurvedic medicine, yoga, and mind-body-spirit integration.
Matsya
1,The Fish Incarnation of Vishnu, he saved Manu from a flood.
drone
1. monotonous noise (n); 2. to speak with no emotion (v); 3.male bee
Kalki
10, this final incarnation of Vishnu has not arrived yet, and is known as the Destroyer of Foulness, he is also known as Time.
When was L'Orfeo composed?
1607
When was the first major opera house opened?
1637
Year The Return of Ulysses was written
1637
When did Isis first premier?
1677
When was Dido and Aeneas composed?
1689
The Two Blind Men
1855 a one-act French operetta by Jacques Offenbach. It was about two (supposedly) blind beggars who were actually poor con men, it almost got him in trouble for bringing to light the disabled poor
Kurma
2,The Tortise Incarnation, he took the shape of one to bear the weight of a mountain.
Varaha
3,The Boar Incarnation, he defeated a demon to bring earth back from the bottom of the ocean.
Narasimha
4,The Half Man Half Lion Incarnation, he killed Hiranyakashipu
Vamana
5,The Dwarf Incarnation, he was granted 3 paces of land from Bali
Parashurama
6,AKA, The Rama with an Axe Incarnation, He was the first warrior saint.
Rama
7, The Warrior Incarnation, he is the ideal heroic man.
Krishna
8, The Dark Incarnation, he was mentor to Arjuna and plays the Murali
Balarama (Buddha)
9, this is the most recent incarnation of Vishnu, and known as the Sage.
Christian Science
A Christian sect founded by Mary Baker Eddy in the 19th century. They believe that sickness and sin are not ordained by God and can be overcome by praying; hence they are known for refusing to accept medicine or treatment by doctors.
Henrik Ibsen
A Doll's House
August Strindberg
A Dream Play
Eugene Ionesco
A French Avant Garde playwright who developed the Theater of the absurd and his works ridicule the banality of life
Richard Strauss
A German composer who originated the tone poem, a symphonic poem that used dissonance and atonal music. Occasionally called an expresisonst. He wrote Don Juan and Thus Spake Zarathusthustra
Fenris
A Giant wolf shackled until Ragnarok by Tyr. Offspring of Loki.
Shintoism
A Japanese religion, focusing on Kami, it has no known founder. A symbol of it is the Tori, or the gate. It focuses on the Kami, which everyone has their own spirit, and they worship them. They recognize all religions as "correct". The sacred text is the kojiki, the Nihongi/Nihon Shoki
Synagogue
A Jewish place of worship
Eugene O'Neill
A Moon for the Misbegotten
Henrik Ibsen
A Norwegian playwright, he is considered the father of realism, and often cited as the founder of modern Theater. His works are second most frequently performed.
Mazurka
A Polish national dance in triple time with an accent on the second beat, characterized by proud bearing, clicking of heels, and holubria, a special turning step. In the Mazurka the couples follow the leader in circular formation around the room. Sometimes the woman kneels down while her partner executes a chasse around her, and then this figure is reversed.
Stock Character
A Recognizable character found in a play
Humanism
A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
Mithraism
A Roman mystery religion that flourished in the 2nd and third centuries. Much is not known about this sect, but scientists are able to determine that it involved the worship of the namesake Persian God, and took place in caves, and involved astrological hierarchy.
(Vaslav) Ninjinsky
A Russian ballet dancer, widely considered to have been one of the best male dancers of the 20th century. He has made appearances in such ballets as Giselle, Swan Lake, and Scheherazade, and his own choreographed works include Le Sacre de Printemps
Prokofiev
A Russian composer whose work was mostly neoclassical due to pressure put on him by Stalin who preferred traditional music. He wrote the opera The Love for Three Oranges, and the ballets Romeo and Juliet and Peter and the Wolf
Tennessee Williams
A Streetcar Named Desire
August Strindberg
A Swedish playwright who wrote in several styles, including expressionism and historical fiction. His plays are noted for being character driven.
Arthur Miller
A View from the bridge
Half Toe
A ballet jump, similar to a relevé.
Susanoo
A banished rampaging warrior, who killed a dragon and presented its tail to reconcile with Amaterasu
Contraction
A basic movement in the technique of Martha Graham, based on breath inhalation and exhalation. To flex from the core and add tension.
Liberalism
A belief that government can and should achieve justice and equality of opportunity.
Materialism
A belief that the physical, material world is the only reality, and that spiritual existence, values, and faith are illusions
Feminism
A belief that the sexes are equal in all categories including social, political, and economic elements. A political movement originated around this belief.
Oedipus Rex (part one of the Theban Cycle)
A boy is prophesied to kill his father and marry his mother. He is abandoned and left to die, but a family saves him. Later in life when he finds out he is adopted, he runs away to find his family, but accidently kills his father at a crossroads. He defeats the sphinx and becomes ruler of Thebes, where he marries his mother.
Eastern Orthodox
A branch of christianity, believing in the Trinity and Jesus Christ. It came about after the Great Schism, between eastern and western Christianity. They had a more philosophical approach to christianity. They attach a great importance to the bible. The Holy Spirit plays a central role. There is no one "leader" of religious authority.
Protestantism
A branch of christianity, it began in 1517 with the 95 theses by Luther. They are against the sell of indulgences, and reject the notion that some people are more holy than others. They believe that anyone can be come a priest, and that there is justification in faith alone, and that the bible is the main consultant in matters of faith and morals.
Roman Catholicism
A branch of christianity, the "first" branch. They hold to the doctrine of the Trinity, the divinity of Jesus Christ. They believe in the special authority of the Pope, and the ability of saints to intercede on behalf of believers, and purgatory, afterlife purification before entering heaven.
arpeggio
A broken chord
Menoetius
A brother of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus. His name means, Doomed Might. He is described as exceedingly prideful, he was the Titan of violent anger and Rash action.
Antagonist
A character or force which another character struggles against (the "bad guy")
Dynamic Character
A character that undergoes an important change during the course of the play
Foil
A character, event, device, or idea that opposes another character, event, device, or idea, normally displaying opposing attributes (care free-serious, anger-joy, etc)
Pirouettes
A complete turn of the body executed on one leg; the working leg is placed with the foot drawn up to the ankle or knee of the supporting leg.
Cantata
A composition in several movements for solo voice(s), instruments, and perhaps also chorus. Depending on the text, they are categorized as secular or church
fugue
A composition written systematically in imitative polyphony, usually with a single main theme, the fugue subject
beat
A continuous, periodic pulse that underlies most types of music.
Dramatic Irony
A contradiction between what the character thinks and what the audience knows to be true
vibrato
A controlled wobble in the pitch;produced by shaking the hand
Pegasus
A creature who sprang forth from the blood of the beheaded Medusa. His care is charged by the 9 muses, as directed by Athena. He was eventually taken by Bellerophontes
Schottische
A dance similar to the Polka. It is characterized by the clapping of hands after having taken three hopping steps. It is written in 4/4 time.
Allegro
A dance with fast or moderate tempo. That part of a ballet class comprised of fast turning or jumping, especially beaten steps; usually follows the adagio.
Calypso
A daughter of Atlas and Tethys, she lived on Ogygia. The myth goes that Odysseus found her, and she tried to convince him to stay, but he had to go. She is known for being sent a man that she falls in love with but can never stay.
Direct Path
A direct line of motion to dance too.
Niddhog
A dragon that lied at the roots of the World Tree, gnawing through Niflheim. Gnaws through the root at the coming of Ragnarok.
Comedy
A dramatic work in which the central motif is triumph over adverse circumstance, resulting in a happy ending.
allegro
A fast tempo
Hubris
A fatal flaw, This negative term implies both arrogant, excessive self-pride or self-confidence, and a lack of some important perception or insight due to pride in one's abilities
Festival of the Sacred Tooth
A festival to honor Buddha's first teaching, where one of Buddha's teeth is paraded around the streets.
Spotting
A fixing of the eyes on one spot as long as possible during turns to avoid dizziness and to keep one's orientation.
stand up
A form of comedy delivery in which a comic entertains an audience with jokes and humorous stories.
Dialogue
A form of conversation when two or more characters talk to one another
Kemetic Reconstructionism
A form of religion similar to Asatru, except instead of Norse, it centers on Egyptian mythology. The main organization is known as the House of Netjer. They believe in al lthe egyptian stuff, Amun, Ma'at, abad all that
Irony
A general name in literature that involve surprising, interesting or amusing conditions
Alternative
A genre of music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980's. It normally has a distorted guitar sound and a transgressive and a nonchalant defiant attitude.
Jazz
A genre of music that originated in African American communities. It mainly involves the use of swing rhythm, as well as improvisation syncopation, and polyrythms.
Frost Giants
A group of Giants evil live in Votunheim; at war with the Aesir and Vanir (The Norse Gods)
Hamstrings
A group of tendons contracted by three posterior thigh muscles.
Temps Levé
A hop, in ballet terms.
Assemblé
A jump from one to both feet, usually landing in fifth position.
Sissone
A jump from two feet onto one foot in various directions.
Quadriceps Fermoris
A large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh.
Lunge
A large, open fourth position in which one knee is bent (usually the front), and the other is straight.
Jeté
A leap from one leg to the other in which one leg is thrown to the side, front, or back. Grand Jeté - A large leap forward.
Orpheus
A legendary musician and poet who tried to recover his wife from the under world (an opera called _______ and the Underworld is based on his story and was composed by Jacques Offenbach)
Static Character
A literary or dramatic character who undergoes little or no inner change; a character who does not grow or develop.
Draupnir
A magical golden ring that sprouted 8 new rings every nine days, created by the dwarves Brokkr and Sindri
Act
A major division in a play. Subdivided into scenes. Greek plays did NOT use this, and normally it follows a 3-part structure with the rest of the play in modern times
Kumbha Mela
A mass Hindu Pilgramige, where the Hindu's gather to bathe in a sacred river. It is considered the largest peaceful gathering in the world. It takes place at the Ganges, Haridwari, the Godawari, and the Shipra, on rotation.
Aria
A melody or tune.
Duple Time
A metric pulse that is divided into even sections.
Islam
A monotheistic religion based on the revelations of Muhammad, which are recorded in the Quaran., which is it's sacred text. It means submission, adherents follow the Five Pillars, and are called muslim. It's central deity is Allah, the Muslim equivalent of God. It has a holy placed called Mecca, where adherents must travel to at least one point in their life.
Judaism
A monotheistic religion believing that Abraham is considered the father of the faith
Islam
A monotheistic religion centered around belief in Allah, and his covenant with Abraham
rondo
A musical composition during which the first part or subject is repeated several times.
Concerto
A musical composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra, esp. one conceived on a relatively large scale
Ballad
A narrative poem written in four-line stanzas, characterized by swift action and narrated in a direct style. The Anonymous medieval ballad, "Barbara Allan," exemplifies the genre.
Eckankar
A new religious movement based on Sant Mat, which centers on yoga of the sound current. It focuses on practitioners to see the Light and Sound of God. Found by John Paul Twitchell. Its sacred text is Shariyat Ki Sugmad.
Phrase
A passage of two or more measures of music. A phrase will be perceived as a specific tune or melody. Most pieces of dance music consist of two or more different phrases, each designated by a capital letter. Any phrase can repeat within the piece, so a whole piece might be designated: lead in, intro, A, A, B, A, C, end.
Character
A person or creature that appear in a script by speaking or doing something.
Varna
A persons social position in society (either Brahimins, who are priests and ministers, Kshatriyas, rulers and soldiers, Vaishyas, Merchants, and Shudras, Workers.
Cynicism
A philosophical system that emphasized radical authenticity, repudiation of shame, simplicity of lifestyle, and a desire to possess only what is obtained naturally and freely.
Skepticism
A philosophy which suggests that nothing can ever be known for certain.
Gesture
A physical movement in a play, normally conveying meaning.
Loie Fuller
A pioneer of both modern dance and theatrical lighting techniques. The Serpentine Dance.
Ganges River
A place of pilgrimage for Hindu, where peoples ashes are scattered after cremation. It lies in the Himalayas, and goes to the Bay of Bengal.
Death of a Salesman
A play about Happy and Biff Loman, and their relationship with their father, Willy. Willy has grand desires but deludes himself. He succeeds in killing himself, trying to get his life insurance for Billy to start a buisness, which he has no desire to do so. Happy is glad (ha) to do so, however.
Waiting for Godot
A play in which nothing happens, twice. It follows Vladmir and Estragon as they do the title action for the title character. Pozzo and Lucky, a Master and slave, appear at some point. While talking, V and E contemplate suicide. At the end of the first act, a boy appears with the message "[TC] will not be coming today, but surely tomorrow." The second act is almost exactly the same as the first, with the only notable difference is that Lucky is mute this time. The boy again appears with the same message at the end of the play.
Tragedy
A play that ends in death of at least one of the main characters, or one that doesn't have a happy ending
Plautus
A playwright of the Old Latin period, he drew inspiration from Greek new comedy. His works often included stock characters of the clever slave and lusty old man.
pastoral
A poem set in tranquil nature or even more specifically, one about shepherds.
Motet
A polyphonic composition based on a sacred text and usually sung without accompaniment.
Canon
A polyphonic piece in which all parts are identical, but enter at different times. A round is a canon.
R&B
A popular genre of music that has a heavy beat, such as soul and jazz, but it can also have complex melodies.
Attitude
A pose in which one leg is raised in back or in front with knee bent, usually with one arm raised.
Arabesque
A position in which the dancer stands on one leg, straight or bent, with the other extended to the back at 90 degrees.
Tragic Hero
A privileged, exalted character of high repute, who, by virtue of a tragic flaw and/or fate, suffers a fall from a higher station in life into suffering.
Sunnah
A record of Muhammad's Words or deeds, used to help interpret the Koran.
Talmud
A recording of Rabbis discussion of the way to follow the Torah
Judaism
A religin that extends back to Abraham. They believe in only one God, and the important truths of life are revealed by prophets such as Moses and others. Their sacred text is the Torah, and they have several holidays and celebrations year-round, such as Passover and Yom Kippur.
Christianity
A religion founded 2,000 years ago, it is one of the most influential in history. There are three major branches of it. They believe in a single God, who had a son named Jesus. They believe in divine emissaries called angels, and sinning angels called demons. The purpose is to be good, and go to heaven. Its sacred text is the Bible.
Buddhism
A religion founded in India 2,500 years ago, it ranges from rituals and deities to a focus on meditation. Founded by its namesake Prince. Its ultimate reality is that nothing is permanent, the purpose in life is to achieve Nirvana, through the eightfold path and following the middle way. Its sacred texts are the Tripitaka and the Sutras
Umbanda
A religion of Brazil that combines elements of Brazilian Religion, African Religions, Catholicism, and Spiritism. It was founded by Zeli oFernandino De Moraes in the early 1900's. IT is found in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Similer to Candomble, they believe in Orixas, spirits in your life. They are led by Psychics
Zoroastrianism
A religion originating in ancient Iran that became the official religion of the Achaemenids. It centered on a single benevolent deity, Ahuramazda, who engaged in a struggle with demonic forces before prevailing and restoring a pristine world. It emphasized truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature.
Jainism
A religion that branched off from Hinduism and was founded by Mahavira; its belief is that everything has a soul, and its purpose was to cleanse the soul. They practice nonviolence, and believe all living things have value.
Satanism
A religion that contains several sects, and most of them contain evil acts. Most of them were founded in the 1900's, although an early one dates back to the 1700's. Not all of the cults believe in gods or, and many adults practice the actual occult rituals. Most groups are private.Their sacred text is the namesake bible, and the Church of it was founded by leVey
Worldwide Church of God
A religious group claiming to be the only genuine form of Christianity in the world, who many orthodox christians designate as a cult. it was founded by Herbert Armstrong, and focuses on a lot of christian aspects, such as being nice and stuff.
À La Seconde
A rond de jambe en l'air may also be performed as an isolated movement with the working leg raised à la seconde (to the side) and the knee bending and straightening as the toe describes quick circular patterns in the air without moving the thigh.
Box Set
A set built begin a proscenium arch to represent three walls of a room. The absent *fourth wall* allows spectators to witness the scene (hence, "breaking the fourth wall")
Measure
A short section of music in the regularly recurring rhythm, usually marked by an initial stronger accent and then one, two, three, or more lesser accents. For instance, a waltz measure consists of one strong downbeat and two lesser beats: 1, 2, 3; 1, 2, 3;
cadenza
A showy passage for soloist alone toward the end of a movement in a concerto.
Lateral Rotation
A side stretch of the torso, with legs in 2nd position.
fermata
A sign that indicates the note or rest over which it is placed is to be prolonged
Vertabra
A single piece of the spine.
Terence
A slave brought over into Rome, he was freed due to his writing abilities. He is known for the phrase "I am human being, I consider nothing that is human alien to me."
Chasse
A sliding step in which one foot "chases" and displaces the other.
Minuet
A slow, stately pattern dance in 3/4 time for groups of couples, originating in 17th-century France; a movement in 3/4 time that is usually the third, but sometimes the second, of a four-movement symphony or string quartet
Monologue
A speech given by a character without another characters response, but they are giving It to a person or group of peoplep
Monologue
A speech given by a single character while that is alone on stage; also called a soliloquy
Soliloquy
A speech made by a character intended to be heard by the audience but not by characters
Leap
A spring into the air, from one foot to the other. Transfer of weight from 1 foot to the other with a moment of suspension.
Retierè
A static position in which the hip of the gesturing leg is externally rotated and abducted, the knee is flexed, and the foot is pointed and touching the knee of the stance limb.
Balancé
A step that rocks from one foot to the other, usually in 3/4 time.
Drama
A story written to be performed by actors
Opera
A style of music combining drama and music
Rock
A style of popular music that is heavily influenced by R&B and country music. It is influenced normally deals with rebellion and the uglier aspects of people and society, but presents them in an accepting manner
Hip Hop
A style that originated in the South Bronx, it quickly spread. It is characterized by Rap music, turntablism, break dancing, and graffiti art.
Subplot
A subsidiary or subordinate or parallel plot that coexists with the main plot
Socialism
A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.
Musical Theatre
A theatrical genre in which the story is told through the performance of singing (with instrumental music), spoken dialogue and often dance Examples: Sound of Music, Music Man, Fiddler on the Roof
Communism
A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
Vassa
A time to meditate and study during the rainy season, where robes are given to the monks.
Scene
A traditional segment in a play, indicating a change in time or setting, jumping from sub-plot to sub-plot, introducing new characters, or rearranging actors.
Pas de basque
A traveling step from fifth position plié, which includes one 1/2 ronde de jambe from front to side, weight transfer to this leg, and closure into fifth plié.
Theater of the Absurd
A type of drama and performance that conveys a sense of life as devoid of meaning and purpose
Tragedy
A type of drama in which the characters experience reversal of fortune, usually for the worse
Miracle Play (Must say play)
A type of play that focused on the lives of saints
Morality Play (must say play)
A type of play that's typically an allegory, and the characters are personifications of moral attributes.
Linear Plot
A type of plot that developed naturally, and chronologically, with no flashbacks or flash-sideways (parallel plots)
falsetto
A typically male singing voice, the result of artificially produced tones in an upper register that go beyond the voice's normal range
acciaccatura
A very fast grace note that is crushed against the note the follows it.
Aria
A vocal number for solo singer and orchestra, generally in an opera, cantata, or oratorio
Sprechstimme
A vocal style developed by Schoenberg, in between singing and speaking
Turnout
A way of standing and using the legs that is initiated in the pelvis, where both sides of the body rotate outwards from the hips, away from the spine.
Religion
A way to explain the mysteries of life, such as creation, life and death, suffering, and post-life events, through stories, parables, and (usually) a supreme god that reigns over all. People will praise and or celebrate the god or events with holidays and worship.
Tragic Flaw
A weakness of limitation of a character, normally leading to their downfall.
Kwanzaa
A week long celebration of African heritage in African-American culture from December 26-January1st. It celebrates the seven core principals, called Nguzo Saba.
Psyche
A woman gifted with extreme beauty and grace. She is the deity of the soul. Eros eventually fell in love with her. She was told that she must marry an ugly beast, (actually eros), and could never see his face. When she accidentally ruined the relationship, she was forced to do three impossible tasks. After completing the first two, she failed the third by accidentally opening a box containing Morpheus, god of sleep and dreams, and fell into eternal sleep. Zeus awoke her, and made her immortal after being amazed by her love.
Satire
A work that criticises human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and folliws
Balance
Ability of the dancer to maintain an upright and controlled position of the body whether in movement or still.
Primary Accent
Accent on the first beat.
Secondary Accent
Accent on the second strongest beat.
homophony
Accompaniment with melody
Samuel Beckett
Acts Without Words I, Acts Without Words II
Stylization
Adding style, facial expression, or emotions to your dancing.
(Livius) Andronicus
Aegisthus, Andromeda, Antiopa, Danae, Equus Troianus
(Josephine) Baker
African- American actress, dancer, singer and civil rights activist of the twentieth century. She gained her international reputation first in Europe. After World War 2, she was decorated by the French government for her work in the Resistance, and at her death she was given a state funeral as a war hero. She became known by some circles as "Black Pearl","Bronze Venus", and "Creole Goddess".
Eugene O'Neill
Ah, Wilderness!
In which opera does the main character join her love Radames in an underground tomb to be buried alive?
Aida
Sophocles
Ajax
The Furiae.
Alecto
Chaos
The nothingness from which everything else came from. Described as a void
Dyskolos
The only play by Menander to survive in near entirety.
Lif and Lifthrasir
The only two mortals who survive Ragnarok
Sequence
The order in which steps, figures, or dance actions are to be performed.
Arthur Miller
All my Sons
tutti
All together
blue
Also called off-color,black, or risque (from the French word for "to risk"); relies on impropriety or indecency for comic effect. ie Southpark
Cao Dai
Also known as Caodaism, this Vietnamese religion was founded in 1926 by Ngo Van Chieu. The chief deity of this religion is the same in all other religions. He has saints, such as Buddha, Confucious, Jesus, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, Julius Caeser, etc. followers look at the three duties to fulfill the 5 virtues. They even take part in seances.
Jormungard
Also known as the World Serpant; a serpent encircles the earth, and signals the coming of Ragnarok. Slain by Thor, but kills him with its venom.
Nyx
Although not techinically a Titan, she is the Primordial goddess of the night, appearing before Gaea and Urania. She gave birth to Hypnos and Thanatos, and is one of the most powerful and feared goddesses of all time. She lives in a Mansion of Night in Tartarus
In which musical does a young boy discover an enormous star outside with a long tail and three kings outside of his door, and when he tries to tell his mother, she gets angry?
Amahl and the Night Visitors
Agnes De Mile 1
To dance is to be out of yourself, larger, more powerful, more beautiful. This is power, it is glory on earth it is yours for the taking.
(Andrew Lloyd) Webber
American composer of Evita, Cats, and The Phantom of the Opera
(Jerome) Kern
American composer of Princess theatre musicals, Ziegfield Follies, and Show Boat
(George) Gershwin
American composer of Rhapsody in Blue, An American Paris, and Porgy and Bess
(Steven) Sondheim
American composer of West Side Story, A Funny Thing Happened on The Way to the Forum, A Little Night Music, and Sweeny Todd
Rodgers and Hammerstein
American composers of Oklahoma, Carousel, South Pacific, The King and I, and The Sound of Music
Rodgers and Hart
American composers of the musicals Babes in Arms and Pal Joey
(Twyla) Tharp
American innovative dancer and choreographer. Choreographed "Moving Out" the musical based on the music of Billy Joel
Ives
American insurance salesman and composer. He wrote Concord Sonata with movements named after Emerson, Hawthorne, Alcott, and Throeau. He wrote the Holiday symphony and Variations on America. He won the 1947 Pulitzer Prize
Glass
American minimalist composer, he wrote Einstein on the Beach and Metamorphosis.
Plautus
Amphitryon, Miles Gloriosus, Menaechmi, Pseudolus, Captivi, Bacchides.
(Kathrine) Dunham
An American Idol and choreographer, director, scholar, social activist, and published author. A majority of her works were rooted in the culture of the west indies. She began her career in the 1930's after she landed the lead in the ballet La Guiablesse, her crowning achievement was L'Ag'Ya.
(Ginger) Rogers
An American actress and dancer of the twentieth century; she danced with Fred Astaire in a series of film Musicals.
Cage
An American composer known for aleatory music, his most famous being Imaginary Landscape no 4, which 12 radios are tuned to different radios. He also wrote pieces for prepared pianos, and did 4 33 as well as Branches, which uses plants as instruments, and Inlets, using water-filled conch shells
(Cole) Porter
An American composer of Paris, Wake Up and Dream, and Anything Goes
(Fred) Astaire
An American entertainer of the twentieth century; he danced in many film MUSICALS with Ginger Rogers, with other partners, and alone. He was admired for his speed and grace, and for his apparently effortless approach to dancing.
Arthur Miller
An American playwright who was married to Marilyn Monroe
Henrik Ibsen
An Enemy of the People
Christopher Marlowe
An English dramatist who influenced Shakespeare, he is known for using blank verse and overreaching protagonists.
Eugene O'Neill
An Irish American playwright associated with the realism school. He was won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama more than anyone else (four) and the Nobel prize in literature. He also was born and died in a hotel.
Samuel Beckett
An Irish playwright, he pioneered postmodernism, but later in life, his works became increasingly minimalist.
Stoicism
An ancient Greek philosophy that became popular amongst many notable Romans. Emphasis on ethics. They considered destructive emotions to be the result of errors in judgment, and that a wise person would repress emotions, especially negative ones and that "virtue is sufficient for happiness." They were also concerned with the conflict between free will and determinism. They were also non-dualists and naturalists.
Hinduism
An ancient religion founded by the Aryans, who recorded their beliefs in the Vedas.
Hinduism
An ancient religion with no known founder. They mostly believe in reincarnation, and value the practice of mediation. its ultimate reality is Brahman, which is the One, and divine being, along with Krishna and Vishnu, make up the trimurti. The main sacred texts are the Vedas.
Lamb of God
An animal representing Jesus Christ.
Foreshadowing
An event that alludes to a future event, without directly stating it. This is normally used in conjunction with dramatic irony.
Rising Action
An event, conflict or crisis or set of conflicts and crises that constitute the part of a play's plot leading up to the climax
Battement Tendus
An extension of the working leg away from the supporting leg, stretching from first or fifth position along the floor until reaching pointe tendu (when the toes are fully pointed) on the floor.
Fourth Wall
An imaginary boundary of sorts that separates the characters and the audience, or sometimes the characters and their surroundings (such as Barbie's world is made of plastic). Characters may break this when they address the audience, or become aware of their non-real world (like when Brittany can't make a fire with plastic sticks, and she says this in a Barbie movie my sister forced me to watch)
Axis
An imaginary line about which a body rotates.
Character
An imaginary person that inhabits a literary work. They can be major, minor, static, or dynamic.
Bön
An indigenous religion of Tibet before the arrival of Buddhism in 7th century AD. It is similar to Buddhism. It is a tiny religion, with about 100,000 total adherents world wide. They have worship and iconography, and mediation on peaceful and wrathful deities. They have a trinity of sorts, of Lha, Yum, Sipa, and Tönpa. They follow the 9 ways.
Complication
An intensification of the conflict in a play
Flashback
An interruption in the play's chronological order to describe or reveal an earlier event, normally relating to a character
Deus ex Machina
An unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation in a play or novel. It literally means "God from the Machinery".
Développé
An unfolding of the leg in the air. A large, relatively slow leg gesture. The gesture limb begins from first or fifth position, passes through passé, to extend at 90° or higher to the front (en avant), side (a la seconde), or back (en arrière - arabesque).
Terence
Andria, Phormio, Hecrya(also known as The Mother in Law), Eunuchus, Adelphoe, The Brothers
George Bernard Shaw
Androcles and the Lion
Euripides
Andromache
Eugene O'Neill
Anna Christie
Apron
The part of a proscenium stage that sticks out into the audience, in front of the proscenium arch.
Adagio
Any dance to slow music; also, part of the classical pas de deux in ballet.
Indie
Any form of media that is free of influence by government or corporate interests. (yours is SO much cooler than mine...) #TSwizzle
World Music
Any music that has come from another country or has been anything out of USA, and covers a huge range of music.
Latin Music
Any music that has to deal with Spanish, Mexican, or central/south American Culture.
George Bernard Shaw
Arms and the Man
Movement Pattern
The pattern or sequence of your dance.
Noh
The performers wear *masks* , which was performed mainly to high level class
Helios (Sol)
The personification of the Sun in greek mythology. He is the son of Hyperion, brother to Selene and Eos. He drove the chariot of the sun across the sky.
Merce Cunningham
As an American dancer and choreographer who was at the forefront of the American avant-garde for more than 50 years. Throughout much of his life, Cunningham was considered one of the greatest creative forces in American dance.
quasi
As if
andante
At a walking pace
Menander
Dyskolos
George Bernard Shaw
Back to Methuselah
Collapse
To fall down to the floor, locomotor movement.
The Jew of Malta
Barbas is a very wealthy man. Turkish ships arrive at the title location and demand tribute, leaving him Penniless. He poisons the water of his daughters nunnery, fakes his death, helps the Turks sack the TL, and uses knights to kill the Turks, but they turn on Barbas and kills him.
Which opera is a prequel to the Marriage of Figaro?
Barber of Seville
Taoism (Idk if D or T...)
Based on the teachings of Tao Te Ching, which was written in the 6th century BC in China. They believe in Ch'i. The name literally means "The Way". The most important aspect of the religion is achieving immortality. They have two sects: philosophical and religious. It was founded Lao-Tze. It is known for Yin-Yang
The Occult
Basically, the REAL cult. Normally using the Blood of an animal or person, and uses divining rods, and all of the palmistry and clairvoyance and alchemy stuff, spells, seances, pyromancy, etc.
Vampirism
Basically, the belief in Vampires and creatures of the night and such.
En Croix
Battement in a cross. Unilateral leg gesture carried out in three directions relative to the dancer's front (en avant), side (a la seconde), and back (en arrière), making the shape of a cross. Typical barre exercises (tondu, dégagé, dévelopé, frappé, grand battement, etc are performed en croix.
En L'Air
Battement in the air.
À Terre
Battement on the ground.
Facing
To have one's front in the direction of something else, such as "man facing wall." Also, partners in front of each other, front to front.
Beats
To hit the legs together, moving in and out of fifth position in the air. See petite batterie.
Who composed Fidelio in 1805?
Beethoven
Battement Dégagés
Begins and ends the same as a battement tendu except that it leaves the floor to a height of 15 cm after reaching pointe tendu.
Derrière
Behind.
Salat
The pillar in islam that states one must have Ritual prayer 5 times a day
Zakat
The pillar of Islam that dealt with an Alms Tax, 2.5% of ones wealth should go to the poor
Eugene O'Neill
Beyond the Horizon
Grand Plie
Big bending of the knees to the floor and rising, either in first position or third.
Coen Brothers
Bio: Academy Award winning American film directors, screenwriters, producers, and editors they are brothers whose first names are Joel and Ethan
Clint Eastwood
Bio: American actor, film director, producer and composer. He rose to international fame with his role as the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone's Dollars trilogy of spaghetti
Woody Allen
Bio: American actor, filmmaker, comedian, musician, and playwright whose career spans more than 50 years
Sidney Lumet
Bio: American director, producer and screenwriter with over 50 films to his credit. He was nominated for the Academy Award as Best Director for 12 Men, Dog Day Afternoon, Network and The Verdict
Cecil B Demille
Bio: American film director and film producer in both silent and sound films. He began his career as a stage actor in 1900. He later moved on to writing and directing stage productions.
Ron Howard
Bio: American film director, producer and actor. He came to prominence playing Opie Taylor in the sitcom The Andy Griffith
Tim Burton
Bio: American film director, producer, artist, writer, poet and stop motion artist.
Spike Lee
Bio: American film director, producer, writer, and actor. His production company, 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks, has produced over 35 films since 1983.
John Huston
Bio: American film director, screenwriter and actor. He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed, many of which are today considered classics
Robert Altman
Bio: American film director, screenwriter, and producer. A five time nominee of the Academy Award for Best Director and an enduring figure from the New Hollywood era
Michael Mann
Bio: American film director, screenwriter, and producer. For his work, he has received nominations from international organizations and juries
George Lucas
Bio: American film director, screenwriter, producer, and entrepreneur. He founded Lucasfilm and led the company as chairman and chief executive before selling it to The Walt Disney Company on October 30, 2012.
Stanley Kubrick
Bio: American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer, and editor who worked predominantly in the United Kingdom.
George Cukor
Bio: American film director. He mainly concentrated on comedies and literary adaptations.
James Cameron
Bio: Canadian film director, film producer, deep-sea explorer, screenwriter, and editor who has directed the two biggest box office films of all time. He first found success with the science-fiction hit The Terminator
Alfred Hitchcock
Bio: English film director and producer. Often nicknamed "The Master of Suspense", he pioneered many techniques in the suspense and psychological thriller genres.
Mike Nichols
Bio: German-born American television, stage and film director, writer, producer and comedian
Elia Kazan
Bio: Greek-American director, producer, writer and actor, described by The New York Times as "one of the most honored and influential directors in Broadway and Hollywood history"
Michael Curtiz
Bio: Hungarian American film director. He had early credits as Mihály Kertész and Michael Kertész.
John Ford
Bio: Irish-American film director. He was famous for both his Westerns such as Stagecoach, The Searchers, and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, and adaptations of such classic 20th-century American novels as The Grapes of Wrath
Frank Capra
Bio: Italian-born American film director, producer and writer who worked his way from Los Angeles's Italian ghetto to become the creative force behind some of the major award-winning films of the 1930s and 1940s
Fenris
Bit off Tyr's hand while being shackled.
Sits Bones
Bones in the bottom of your pelvis.
Which opera starts with the main character as a chief adviser and ends with him in power after his boss' two sons died and dying in front of nobleman?
Boris Godunov
Under Curve
Bottom half of a swing.
Bodh Gaya
The place where Buddah realized why there is suffering, and became enlightened.
spiccato
Bow is bounced, clearly articulated
Sternum
Breast bone, a flat bone that lies in the middle front part of the rib cage.
Placement
The placement of your body in a dance or the preparation of dance. Parallel or turned out. Parallel hips placed over the feet. Placement will differ due to the positioning.
Buddha day
Buddha's birthday it is a major buddhist festival
Sophocles
The second of the Greek tragedians. He is credited for adding the third actor into a play.
Plot
The sequence of events that make up a story
(Merce) Cunningham
By the time he was 20 this dancer and choreographer was enrolled in the Martha Graham dance company. He collaborated alot with the experimental composer John Cage and had his own dance company later in life. In 1998, he created one of his most notable works known as "Hand Drawn Spaces", he collaborated with Shelly Eshkar and Paul Kaiser to create this VIRTUAL composition.
In the late 16th century, a group of poets and musicians formed an association in Florence. What was the association called?
Camerata
Tennessee Williams
Camino Real
Which play is about a young gypsy who works in a cigarette factory in Seville and is arrested by corporal don Jose for fighting but then escapes, when she meets him again they join a group of smugglers and later the main character is found at a bullfight and is stabbed?
Carmen
Scaupla
The shoulder blade.
Staging
The spectacle a play presents in performance, including the position of actors on stage, the scenic background, the props and costumes, and the lighting and sound effects.
Tennessee Williams
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Jason
The leader of the Argonauts, the 50 heroes who sailed in the search of the Golden Fleece. They were looking for the fleece because this hero's uncle, Pelias, stole this heroes kingdom and promised to return it to him only if this hero brought home the Golden Fleece. He and his crew were eventually successful because of the help of the sorceress Medea, who eventually became this heroes wife.
Wesak
Celebration of Buddhas birth
Unification Church
Centered in Korea, this religion was founded in 1954, by Sun Myung Moon. It is an interpretation of Christianity and believes that world peace can be obrainted by "true families", by mass weddings and seeking of converts. They have been dubbed moonies by critics. They have a strong sense of community, and their sacred text is the Divine Principle.
Theme
Central idea of a work of literature
Plebian (or Aventine) Triad
Ceres, Liber, Libera
modulation
Change of key within a text
Classical
Characterized by heavily structured and organized, with homophony and melody above accompanyment. There was little variance in keys and rhythms.
Working Leg
The leg that is moving opposite to the supporting leg.
Moksha
The liberation of the soul from the illusion and suffering of life.
Dialogue
The lines spoken by actors in the script
Bifrost
The linking Bridge between Midgard and Asgard.
Koran
The speech god revealed to Muhammad, the sacred text of the Islam
Sartorius
The longest muscle in the human body, is a long thin muscle that runs down the length of the thigh and connects to the hip bone.
Amaterasu
Chief deity in Shinto, mother of the sun, takes the form of a wolf
Light and Day
Childeren of Love
Yule (Winter Solstice)
The longest night of the year, it is celebrated in Pagan, Wiccan, and Druid culture. It is celebratd as the rebirth of the Great God.
Tempo
The speed at which music is played; the number of measures or bars per minute. Sometimes given as beats per minute.
Gospel
Chrisitan Music, which is composed to dedicate glory to God or for any religious purpose.
Advent
Christian holiday which is more of a season to mark the begining of the church year and the coming of Christmas
Composer of L'Orfeo
Claudio Monteverdi
Unity
Coherent harmony between setting, time, characters, plot, and action.
Secondary
Collapse: Release, heavy, fall, crumple. Suspend: Hold, positional strength, lift, seize. Vibratory: Rhythm, tremble, pulse, anger.
Farcical
Comedy based on improbable coincidences and with satirical elements, punctuated at times with overwrought, frantic action.
slapstick
Comedy in which mock violence and simulated bodily harm are staged for comic effect; also called physical comedy. The name derives from a prop consisting of a stick with an attached piece of wood that slapped loudly against it when one comedian struck another with it, enhancing the effect. The Three Stooges were renowned for this
Parodic
Comic imitation often intended to ridicule an author, an artistic endeavor, or a genre.
Orff
Composer of Carmina Burana which contains the opening O, Fortuna
scherzo
Compositional form in three parts (A B A),sometimes used as the third movement in classical and romantic symphonies, stirring quartets, and other works. A scherzo is usually in triple meter, with a faster tempo than a minuet.
(Jerome) Robbins
Considered one of the top American dancers and choreographers he did all things from classical dances and modern dance and produced over 60 ballets. He won the best director in 1961 for his adaptation of West Side Story. His works include: West Side Story, The Kings and I, Gypsy and Peter Pan
Aristophanes
Considered the father and the only remaining example of Greek Old Comedy. The language in his plays provides an example of the Attic dialect.
Flexion
Contraction of the muscles.
Sustain
Controlled or paused movement, to hold a dance movement.
Dynamics (including expressive techniques)
The loudness or softness of a music, the techniques and processes used to articulate the note, as well as the ornamentation and speed of the music
Lumbar Spine
The lower back, where the spine curves inward toward the abdomen.
Protagonist
The main character of a work, the "good guy"
Ted Shawn 1
Dance is the only art in which we ourselves are the stuff of which it is made.
En avant
Dancer's front.
En bas
Dancer's lower arms, brava.
En haut
Dancer's up in the air arms, fifth or fourth position.
Yom Kippur
Day of Attonement, 10 days after Rosh Hashannah
Arthur Miller
Death of a Salesmen
a niente
Decrescendo to nothing
Convention
Defining features or common agreement upon strategies or attributes of literary genres
dynamics
Degrees of loudness or softness in music
Dynamics
Degrees of loudness or softness in music.
The Women of Trachis
Deianira, the wife of Heracles, has heard that Heracles has fallen in love with another girl. Deianira is jealous (duh) and applies the blood of Nessus mixed with Hydra Poison, to the garments of Hercules, because she was told it would stop him from loving anyone else. She realises it's poison and kills herself while Heracles dies a slow painful death.
Deadpan (Dry)
Delivered with an impassive, expressionless, matter-of-fact presentation.
Demi Bras
Demi Seconde but with palms forward.
Miss Julie
Described as "Too Stuck up in some ways, and not proud enough in others", the TC had broken her engagement. Jean the valet, and the cook talk about her peculiar behaviour. Later in the play, jean and the TC have sex. Jean then leaves her to open a hotel with her, but the cook informs them the stable master won't give them horses. The TC breaks down and realized her life is her parents, not hers, and jean hands her a razor, presumably for suicide.
Eugene O'Neill
Desire Under the Elms
What is England's oldest opera?
Dido and Aeneas
Which opera is an adaptation of Virgil's Aeneid?
Dido and Aeneas
The Frogs
Dionysus wants to bring Euripides back from the dead, so he dresses up like Heracles. Upon reaching the underworld, Dionysus is greeted by people who hate Heracles, and orders his server to switch clothes with him. As soon as that happens, a lady who loves Heracles comes along. They switch clothes again. In the end, Eurpides loses a contest for Best Tragic Poet, and Aeschylus is brought back to life, and Sophocles takes his seat while he's away, not Euripdes.
Structure
The material organization, and the pattern of musics and motifs, and how the solo and the riffs interact with one another
Which play has an absolutely epic ending in which the statue of Commendatore (which the main character killed with a sword earlier) comes to life, goes to the room where the main character is eating and takes him to hell?
Don Giovanni
Marlowe
Dr. Faustus
Penelope
Odysseus's wife that he had to prove his identity to when he returned back to his kingdom in Ithaca
What was the first musical to win the Pulitzer Prize?
Of Thee I Sing
Who wrote Victor Victoria?
Edwards
una corda
Often abbreviated U.C. in music. Press the left or soft pedal
Ginnungagap
The Cosmic Void which separates Niflheim and Muspell.
Kabuki
Using wild costumes and *face paint* to entertain audiences
parts of everyday dance
a beginning shape, middle movements, a final shape
anecdotal
comic personal stories that may be true or partly true but embellished.
Gigue
Popular English Baroque dance type, a standard movement of the Baroque suite, in a lively compound meter
Which opera has three main scenes "Train", "Trial", and "Field/Spaceship"?
Einstein on the Beach
Ben Johnson
Popularised the comedy of humors, where each character has their personality dominated by one of the four humors-Choleric, melancholy, sanguine, phlegmatic.
Thea
Sometimes called Euryphaessa, she is a Titaness. Her name means Divine. She Is known for giving birth to Helios, she can sometimes be known was the Goddess of Glory.
What is the name of the Rock Musical by Jonathan Larson that is a darkly serious twist on Puccini's La Boheme?
Rent
Pattern
Repeated design and sequence in dance.
Bread and Wine
Representing the Lord's Supper, and his body and the blood of christ.
Sophocles
Electra
Rise
Elevate body with weight centered over the ball and toes of the supporting foot. Involves whole body: lifting heel off floor, straightening knees, and stretching upper body. Foot rise can be distinguished and separated from body rise.
Run
Sometimes, a step taken on one beat of music; a quick. Transfer of weight from 1 foot to the other, with momentary loss of contact.
Walk
Sometimes, a step taken on two beats of music; a slow. Transfer of weight from 1 foot to the other. Maintaining contact with the floor.
Grand Battement
En l'air, where it is raised to 90°.
Petit
En l'air, with the working leg raised just a few centimetres from the ground.
Brahma
The Creator, one day in his life is 4 billion 321 years, or one world cycle. He manifests himself in all gods.
Samuel Beckett
Endgame
Arthur Miller
The Crucible
Curly and Laurey carry out a complicated relationship throughout all of what musical?
Oklahoma
(Margot) Fonteyn
English; Royal Ballet School, Prima Ballerina Assoluta, danced with Rudolph Nureyev; "Sleeping Beauty", "Symphonic Variations"
Shiva
The Destroyer, married to Shakti (power), he is covered with white ash and the sacred Ganges river flows from his hair, and wore a necklace made of skulls.
The Norns
Equivalent of the Greek Fates.
Third Position
One foot in front of the other, parallel to it, with heel of front foot in hollow instep of back foot.
Fourth Position Closed
One foot in front of the other, parallel, but apart.
Fifth Position
One foot in front of the other, parallel, with heel in front foot touching toe of back foot.
Pelops
One of Tantalus's children, he was killed, cooked, and eaten. Demeter gave him an ivory arm, after she accidentally ate his shoulder at the feast of tantalus.
Broteas
One of Tantalus's children. Insulted Artemis by refusing to honor her, and she cursed him by making him go mad. He perished by eventually throwing himself into fire
The Three Universal Truths
Everything in life is impermanent and always changing, and because nothing is permanent, a life based on possessing things or person will not make you happy, and there is no eternal unchanging soul, just a collection of changing characteristics and attributes.
Angrboda
Evil goddess and Mistress of Loki; Mother of Fenrir, Jormungard, and Hel.
Which musical tells the story of a girl from Buenos Aires who uses her feminine powers to gain power?
Evita
What was Giuseppe Verdi's last opera (hint: it was a lyric comedy set in Windsor in the 15th century)?
Falstaff
Callisto
One of Zeus's lovers, who he had to transform into a bear to hide her from Hera. When her son, Arcas, accidentally shot her, Zeus put them up in the sky as Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.
Niobe
One of tantalus's children. She boasted that her children were more beautiful than Leto's, the mother of Apollo and Artemis. Apollo and Artemis were sent to kill all of her children, and was condemned to eternal weeping.
Iapetus
Father of Atlas and Prometheus
Chaos
Father of Night and Erebus
Second Position
Feet in a straight line, heels apart.
First Position
Feet in a straight line, heels touching. The action of bending or the condition of being bent.
Diwali
Festival of lights, the Hindu new year
Hanukkah
Festival of lights, where the oil lasted 8 days in the temple, celebrated with the Menorah
Dussehra
Festival that marks Rama's triumph over Ravana, held every 12 years
Medusa
One of the Gorgons, the only one who was Mortal, and slain by Perseus.
Atropos
One of the Moirae, known as the Cutter
Lachesis
One of the Moirae, known as the Disposer of Lots
Clotho
One of the Moirae, known as the Spinner
Shahadah
One of the Pillars of Islam, it is the Declaration of faith
Muninn
One of the Ravens of Odin (2)
Waltz
One of the Smooth Rhythms. Open, open, open, close. 3/4
decelerando
slowing down; decelerating; (same as ritardando or rallentando)
Ted Shawn
One of the first notable male pioneers of American modern dance, he is also responsible for the creation of the well known all-male company Ted Shawn and His Men Dancers.
Gaea (Gaia)
The Earth goddess, she mated with her son Uranus to produce the remaining titans.
(Martha) Graham
One of the greatest dancers and choreographers of the 20th century. She choreographed 180 compositions in her life and was granted the highest honor able to be retrieved by an American citizen, the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Her works include Lamentations (which consists of a woman wrapping a single piece of fabric into a tube) and Appalachian Spring.
Hajj
One of the pillars of islam, the Pilgrimage to Mecca
Huginn
One of the ravens of Odin. (1)
Stheno
One of the two immortal gorgons, one of the smarter ones.
Wailing (Western) Wall
One of the walls of the ancient temperature where the Ark of the Covenant was stored
What musical is about a woman pretending to be a man pretending to be a woman?
Victor Victoria
prima donna
First Lady, its the primary voice in a part
(Maria) Taglioni
First ballerina of the romantic period; shortened her skirt to show off her point work; 1860; choreographed Le Papillon
Clio
The Muse of History
Dorsiflexion
Flexing of the foot, or contraction of the foot.
Axial Movement
Flexion, extension, rotation.
Jehovah's Witnesses
Founded by Charles Taze Russell, this more modern religion began with the thought that the second coming of Christ would occur in 1914. They are most famous for going door to door to ask people if they have found Jesus Christ, and try to get as many people as possible to convert. Their sacred text is the New World Translation of the Bible.
Candomble
Founded by indigenous africans who were brought to Brazil as slaves, it was founded prior to or during the 16th century. They surrender to Oriashas, which are spirits of poessiesion. They sacrifice animals and call on spirits to heal them as well. they believe in a divine being called Olodumare. They worship in a terreiros.
Bahai
Founded by the Bahaullah, it was founded in the 1860's in Persia.They believe in one God, who sent prophets, such as Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad, and Abraham. They have daily prayer. The sacred texts are the writings of the Bahaullah, they believe the soul is basically good.
Sikhism
Founded in 16th century India, it was founded by Guru Nanak: There is no Hindu, there is no Muslim, so whose path shall I follow? I shall follow the path of God. Their main text is the Adi Granth, and they worship in a gurdwara. Adherents align with God, and they become a saint soldier, fighting for good. They believe in reincarnation.
Prince Siddartha Guatama
Founder of Buddhism
(Isreal ben) Eliezer
Founder of Modern Hasidism
(Robert) Joffrey
Founder of the _______ ballet, he was a self-made ballet enthusiast who studied ballet technique as well as history but had a less than ideal body and brought back many works that had "disappeared"
Eugene Ionesco
The New Tenant
Aeschylus
The Suppliants
Lysistrata
The TC in this work wanted to end the Peliponnesian War, and convinced the women of Greece to withhold sexual pleasure. Calonice, friend of the TC, serves as a humerus foil to the serious TC. Eventually the two choruses of old men and women merge and discuss peace.
The Ripitaka
The Three Baskets, a collection of Buddha's sayings and his thoughts on them. They were first written on palm leaves, gathered in baskets.
The Furiae
The Three goddesses of Vengeance
Triratana
The Three jewels, representing Buddha, Dharma, and the Sangha
Which opera proclaimed itself to be "an opera for beggars"?
The Threepenny Opera
Brontes
The Thunder Cyclopes
Satie
French minimalist and avant-garde composer, referred to himself as a phonometrician. he wrote Furniture Music, in which furniter pieces are used as instruments. His most famous works are the Gymnopedies
Arges
The Thunderbolt Cyclopes
Maundy Thursday
The Thursday before Easter, it commemorates the Last Supper of Jesus wit the Apostles.
Coeus
The Titan of Intellegence, he was the father of Leto. He is best known for his descendants. He symbolizes rational intelligence, while his sister symbolizes prophetic wisdom.
Soutenu
From demi-plié on the stance leg and pointe tondu with the gesture leg. Rising to demi-pointe while simultaneously drawing the gesture leg into fifth.
Droll
From the Dutch word meaning "imp"; utilizes capricious or eccentric humor
Ocean
The Titan of the River that encircled the world
Phoebe
The Titan of the moon, mother to leto. She symbolizes prophetic wisdom, while her brother symbolizes rational intelligence.
Euripides
The Trojan Women
Quality
General excellence of standard or level.
Yantra
Geometrical diagram representing the universe
Aristophanes
The Wasps
Well of Mimir
The Well of Knowledge. Odin sacrifices an eye to drink from it.
Frog Position
The butterfly position, toes touching, sitting down, can do it front or on stomach.
Freyr
God of Agriculture and Weather. Often seen with his dwarven-made boar and magic sword.
Hephaestus
God of Fire and the forge, blacksmith to the gods Married to Aphrodite
Vulcan
God of Fire, and the Forge
Forseti
God of Justice, peace, and truth. Son of Baldr; known for meditation and peace. Abstained from Ragnarok.
Baldr
God of Light and Beauty; father of Forseti. Most-loved of the gods; killed by a dart if mistletoe at the coming of Ragnarok.
Apollo
God of Light, music, youth Twin brother to Artemis Taught the people the art of healing
Asclepius
God of Medicine and Healing
Bragi
God of Poetry and Eloquence. Son of Odin.
Tyr
God of Single-Combat and heroic glory; lost a hand to the wolf Fenris in his attempts to shackle the beast successfully.
Apollo
God of Sun, Music, and Poetry, brother to Diana
Thor
God of Thunder; wields the Magic Hammer Mjolnir and is often seen riding a chariot pulled by goats.
Loki
God of Trickery and Fire; "father of lies" Half-Giant; father of Fenris, the World Serpent, and Hel.
Mars
God of War
Ares
God of War Son of Zeus and Hera
Janus
God of doorways, beginnings, and endings
Cerberus
three headed dog who gaurds the gate of the underworld
Hermes
God of shepards, merchants, travelers, and theives Guided newly dead to the underworld Messenger of Zeus Son of Zeus and Maia
Tsukuyomi
God of the Moon in shinto
Hades
God of the Underworld In a relationship with Persephone Child of Cronus and Rhea
Poseidon
God of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, earthquakes and the creator of horses. Son of Cronus and Rhea Holds a trident Husband to Amphitrite
Njord
God of the sea, sea-faring, and the wind. Father of Freyr and Freya. Husband of Skadi
Neptune
God of the sea, water, and Earthquakes.
Pluto
God of the underworld and the dead.
Bacchus
God of wine, God of the Greek Stage
Venus
Goddess of Love and Beauty. Sprang from Ocean.
Nike
Goddess of Victory
Skadi
Goddess of Winter and Cold. Wife of Njord
Minerva
Goddess of Wisdom and War
Juventas
Goddess of Youth, cupbearer to the Gods
Hestia
Goddess of hearth and home Her only job was to keep the fire lit in the hearth on Mt Olympus
Aphrodite
Goddess of love Sprung from the foam of the Sea Wife of Hephaestus Had an affair with Ares
Freya
Goddess of love, beauty and fertility. Sister of Freyr. Nearly forced to marry one-time king of the Frost Giants, Thrymr.
Gaia
Goddess of the Earth (Mother Earth) ; mother of the Titans
Ceres
Goddess of the Harvest
Vesta
Goddess of the Hearth and Home
Diana
Goddess of the Moon/Hunt, sister to Apollo
Iris
Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger for Jupiter and Juno
Proserpina
Goddess of the Underworld and Springtime
Hel
Goddess of the Underworld; Daughter of Loki. Known for refusing to give back Baldr's soul after death.
hecate
Goddess of the dark, crossways, dogs, and magic.
Artemis
Goddess of the hunt, wild things, unmarried girls, and the moon Never maried Once saw a human watching her bathe so she turned him into a stag and had him killed by his own dogs Twin sister to Apollo
Athena
Goddess of wisdom,stradegy, art, and handicrafts Protector of cities and civilizations Born fully armored out of Zeus's head when he had a bad headache
Fauns
Gods of the Woods and Mountains, known as Shepherd gods, They followed Bacchus. They were known for heavy drinking, wild dancing, and chasing wood nymphs.
Accelerando
Gradually increasing the tempo
rallentando
Gradually slower
ritardando
Gradually slower
diminuendo
Gradually softer
Coupé
To cut, a small intermediary step, used as a link between steps, such as jeté, pas de bourré.
Dark (Gallow, Morbid)
Grim or depressing humor dealing with misfortune and/or death and with a pessimistic outlook.
Heimdall
Guardian of the Gods; known for his battle-horn and alertness. Guards the link between Midgard and Asgard, the Bifrost Bridge.
Mimir
Had his head cut off after the Vanir thought they got the sour end of the deal after Hoenir couldn't answer questions without him. He also talked Odin out of an eyeball to drink from his well.
Pectoralis Major
The chest muscle that is connected to the shoulder which allows you to rotate your arms.
Demi Plié
Half. As in demi-plié.
Valhalla
Hall of the Gods in Asgard, where those chosen by Odin to attend Ragnarok feast and fight until Final Battle
Focus
Hard and soft dancing, to concentrate on particular movements with the use of dynamics.
Asymmetrical
Having parts that fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement; lacking symmetry.
(Paul) Taylor
He began college as an artist and then his athleticism lead him to dace. He caught the eye of multiple choreographers when attending the American Dance Festival School and was invited to join Martha Graham's dance company. His work focused on the immediacy of human life and revolved around the ordinary movements and actions of people.He formed his own dance company in 1954 and from the 1970s to the 1990s he got all depressed and weird and began addressing the uncomfortable realities of life Some of his works include "Aureole:, "Esplande", and "Arden Court".
Tantalus
He had three children who were marked by terrible fates. He himself stole ambrosia and nectar from the gods, and revealed some of Zeus's secrets, as well as stealing his golden dog. He killed his son, Pelops, and served it to the gods. He was sentenced to stand to water that rose almost to his mouth, but receded when he attempted to drink it, and had a delicious fruit tree over head, whose branches were just out of reach, and he was sentenced with insatiable hunger and thirst.
Perses
He is known as the Titan god of Destruction. He is best known as the father of hecate, goddess of magic.
Ralph Vaughan Williams
He was a descendant of Charles Dariwn, he wrote the Opera Pilgrim's progress, as well as Fantasia on a theme by thomas Tallis, and Fantasia on Greensleeves
Pallas
He was the husband of the Styx. He is regarded as the titan god of Warcraft, and the springtime campaign season (enlisting during spring to the army)
Crius
He was the least individualized among the titans. He was the father Perses, and grandfather Hecate. He can sometimes be referred to as the Titan of constellations, measuring the duration of the year.
Copland
He wrote 3 ballets, Billy the Kid, Rodeo, and Appalachian Spring. He also wrote fanfare for the common man
Euripides
Hecuba
Henrik Ibsen
Hedda Gabler
Which musical is about a matchmaker in 1890s New York?
Hello Dolly
Pygmalion
Henry Higgens bets Pickering that he can turn Eliza Doolittle, a street girl, into a proper lady. She relapses at one point as says "Walk? Not bloody likely." Higgens wins the bet, but Eliza is left feeling like an object. Eliza talks to Higgens mother, and Higgens asks Eliza to return to her. Eliza denies and then marries Freddy, a street boy.
Who composed Dido and Aeneas?
Henry Purcell
Thespis (of Icaria)
The first person to introduce a sole actor into the play, in addition to the chorus. The actor would play many characters through the use of masks.
Exposition
The first stage of a fictional or dramatic plot, in which necessary background information is provided
Oni
Hideous Demons in Shinto religion, opposing the Kami
alto
High
soprano
High female voice
Nirvana
Hindi for a perfect state of happiness; Enlightenment
Lakshmi
Hindu Goddess of wealth
Swastika
Hindu for "All is Well"
Mandir
Hindu place of worship
Euripides
Hippolytus
Schoenberg
His musical language was indeed new, yet it was rooted in the past and resulted from a gradual stylistic evolution. He was an Austrian expressionist composer
Epimetheus
His name means Afterthought, or hindsight. He is the brother of prometheus. Together, he acted as a representative of mankind. Epimetheus is pictured as foolish, unlike his brother.
Prometheus
His name means forethought. He is one of the few titans who sided with the Olympians during the great Titan war. He is known for giving fire to man, and being chained up and having his liver eaten every day.
Britten
His operas included Peter Grimes, Turn of the Screw, and Billy Budd. He wrote The Young Persons Guide to the Orchestra, as well as War Requiem
The Odyssey
Homer's epic poem that follows Odysseus's travels back to his Kingdom of Ithaca and his wife Penelope
Polka
Hop, step, step, step, 2/4.
Hana Matsuri
The flower festival in Japan to honor Buddha's birthday, where scented tea is poured over decorated statues of baby Buddah
Epigrammatic
Humor consisting of a witty saying such as "Too many people run out of ideas long before they run out of words.
self-depricating
Humor in which performers target themselves and their foibles or misfortunes for comic effect. Stand-up comedian Rodney Dangerfield was a practitioner of this type of humor
Juvenile (Sophomoric)
Humor involving childish themes such as pranks, name-calling, and other immature behavior.
Ironic
Humor involving incongruity and discordance with norms, in which the intended meaning is opposite, or nearly opposite, to the literal meaning.
High (Highbrow)
Humor pertaining to cultured, sophisticated themes.
Satirical
Humor that mocks human weaknesses or aspects of society.
Timbre (tone color)
The individual sounds made by different instruments, even though they may have the same pitch. This includes things such as acoustic, electric, or electronic.
Shin Splints
Impact injury, inflammation of the shins and knees.
The Middle Way
In Buddhism, it is the concept that you Don't live a life of luxury but don't live one of too much fasting and hardship
The Family Man
In Buddhism, the Second Ideal stage of life.
The Eightfold Path
In Buddhism, the belief of participating in the Right View, Right Intentions, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Work, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Meditation.
Wandering Holy Man
In Buddhism, the fourth Ideal stage of life.
The Third Noble Truth
In Buddhism, the noble truth that There is an end to suffering
The First Noble Truth
In Buddhism, the noble truth that states Human Life has a lot of suffering
The Second Noble Truth
In Buddhism, the noble truth that states The Cause of Suffering is greed
The Fourth Noble Truth
In Buddhism, the noble truth that states The way to end suffering is to follow the middle path
Dharma
In Hindu, One's religious duty. Following this will lead to good Karma, and let you achieve Moksha.
Vishnu
In Hinduism, He is the preserver, known as the god of goodness.
Divine Mother
In Hinduism, She is recognized as the para brahamn, and is known as the creator of many things.
Holi
In Hinduism, Spring Festival, large batches of colored powder and water are thrown at each other
Minaret
In Islam, the Tower from which the muezzin calls Muslims to prayer
Sawm
In Islam, the pillar that states one needs to Fast during the month of Ramadan
Mosque
In Islam, the place of worship.
Transition
In a figure, an extra step or one fewer steps by the man or woman. A couple transitions from opposite footwork to same footwork or from same to opposite.
Chorus
In a traditional Greek tragedy, it is a group of people who comment on the action of the play without participating in it. Now, it normally consists of a character coming onstage and giving a prologue or background information.
Relevé
In ballet, a rising with a spring movement to point or demi-point.
Crown of Thorns
In christianity, the symbol of sin and suffering Jesus suffered on the cross.
Parallel Position
In contemporary dance, the feet may be in parallel (i.e. not turned out) in first, second and fourth positions, and, sometimes, in fifth position.
Devant
In front.
Swinging
In general, swing, or body swing, is any free movement around a fixed point. We can distinguish between "pendular swing" when the fixed point is at the top of the movement and "metronomic swing" when the fixed point is at the bottom.
Reggae
In most cases, it refers to Jamaican style music that combines calypso music an American jazz an blues.
Lotus Flower
In several religions, especially hinduism, it is a Symbol of purity
Timbre
In sound perception, it is the tone quality—the aspect that distinguishes the sound of one instrument from another.
Comedy
In the Greek sense, a play that doesn't end in death. in modern times, it means one that is humorous
Space
component of dance that includes size, level, shape, directions, pathway, relationships, and focus
Time
component of dance that includes speed or tempo and beat
Nocturne
composition, generally for piano, in a tranquil and dreamlike mood
Volpone
The TC pretends he's dying and three men who want his wealth bring him gifts. Mosca, his servent, convinces one of the men to disinherit his son in favor of the TC. The TC tricks a man to let him sleep with his wife, and then the TC rapes her when she refuses. The TC is tried at court, but fakes his death, leaving his wealth to Mosca, who refuses to relinquish the wealth, and the TC must reveal himself.
Note Values
Indicates the relative duration of a note in music.
Internal Oblique
The inner cross of the torso, the bottom part of the torso. The core, your abdomen.
August Strindberg
Inferno
Stage Direction
Instructions put in the script for characters, instructing them on where to go and how to act, in addition to the lines
Chamber Music
Instrumental music played by a small ensemble, with one player to a part, the most important form being the string quartet
The Cherry Orchard
Intended as a comedy, but often performed as a tragedy, the play follows Andreyevna Ranevskaya, a woman who's estate houses the TL. The play follows her trying to find money to pay off her family's debt, with the play ending with the sounds of the TL being destroyed.
Which musical has Cinderella, Jack (from the beanstalk), the baker and his wife, Red Riding Hood, Rapunzel, and the ugly witch?
Into the Woods
prelude
Introduction
Dr. Faustus
The TC summons the demon Mephistopheles to him and tries to bind him to his will, but Mephistopheles already serves Lucifer. The TC makes a deal to have Mephistopheles for 24 years before being damned to Hell. The play concludes with the TC being carried off by Demons.
Pronation
Inward rotation of the ankles.
Organic
Isa Dora Duncan's movement, natural movement, abstract.
In which musical is the nymph Io promised into marriage to Hierax, but pursues another love which upsets her rival, a jealous goddess?
Isis
Which musical's plot was adapted from one of the episodes in Ovid's Metamorphisis?
Isis
Ramadan
Islamic Holiday in which muslims spend a month in daytime fasting, it is the 9th month of the Islamic Calender
(Rudolf) Nureyev
Russian dancer, defected to the west during the cold war. Explored expressive areas of dance, providing a new role to the male ballet dancer. Danced with Margot Fonteyn
Latissimus Dorsi
The inner muscles near your armpits, the wings, and inner back muscles.
Garbhargriha
The inner shrine of the temple
Calvin
founder of Calvinism and the Dutch reform
Mary Barker Eddy
founder of Christian Science
Jesus Christ
founder of Christianity
Kung-futze (Confucius)
founder of Confucianism
Twitchall
founder of Eckankar
Muhammad
founder of Islam
Mahavira
founder of Jainism
(Moishe) Rosen
founder of Jews for Jesus
Moses de Leon
founder of Kabbala
Nichiren
founder of Nichiren Buddhism
(Michael) Cerularius
founder of Orthodox Christian faith
Knox
founder of Presbyterians
(Johanan ben) Zakkai
founder of Rabbinic Judaism
(Sherwin T) Wine
founder of Secular Humanistic Judaism
Guru Nanak
founder of Sikhism
Kate Fox
founder of Spiritualism
(Moses) Mendelson
founder of The Haskala or Enlightenment
Filmore
founder of Unity School of Christianity
(Theodre) Herzl
founder of Zionism
Zoroaster
founder of Zoroastrianism
Seabury
founder of he Episcopalians
Miller
founder of the Adventists
Zwingli
founder of the Antibaptists
Baha'u'llah
founder of the Baha'i faith
John Smith
founder of the Baptist
Chuck Smith
founder of the Calvary Chapel
Henry VIII
founder of the Church of England, Anglicanism
Russell
founder of the Jehova's Witnesses
Wesley
founder of the Methodists
Parham
founder of the Pentecostals
Luther
founder of the Protestants
Fox
founder of the Quakers
Ann Lee
founder of the Shakers
Abuldah bin Saba'a
founder of the Shi'ite sect of Islam
Ahmad al-Quadina
founder of the Sufi sect of Islam
Abu
founder of the Sunni sect of Islam
Lindsay
founder of the Unitarians
Armstrong
founder of the Worldwide church of God
Joseph Smith, Jr
founder of the church of Latter-day saints
Brown
founder of the confrerationalists
Cartwright
founder of the puritans
Abraham and Moses
founders of Judaism
Campbell and Stone
founders of the Church of Christ
(Anna) Pavlova
Russian member of the Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, she toured widely. Considered the greatest ballerina of her generation. She is noted for her of "The Dying Swan"
Setting
The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.
Comic Relief
It gives the spectator a moment of breath with a light hearted moment between tragic, dramatic moments.
Confucianism
It is a religion, sometimes viewed as a philosophy. it is an all accepting humanism that neither denies nor slights heaven. It is centered in China, founded by its namesake person. Its focus is having a good virtue through 4 ways. its sacred texts are the Analects
Ted Shawn 2
It is the body and the body alone that is the instrument we play.
Oceanus (Ocean)
It is the unending stream of water that encircled the world. Together with his wife, Tethys, they produced the rivers and 3,000 ocean nymphs.
Who wrote Isis?
Jean-Baptiste Lully
Step Pattern
The dance steps that make up a sequence or pattern.
Rosh Hashanah
Jewish New Year
Who composed Die Fledermaus in 1874?
Johann Strauss ll
Hop
Jump into the air, landing on the same foot and keeping the heel lifted. With a soft knee, straighten leg, rise slightly off the floor, and return to the floor on the same foot; no weight change. Often it is more gentle and elegant to power the hop not with extension of the supporting leg but with a slight lift of the free knee. Transfer of weight from 1 foot to the same foot.
Juno
Jupiter's Wife, Goddess of Marriage
Capitoline Triad
Jupiter, Juno, Minerva
Archaic Triad
Jupiter, Mars, Quirinus
Patella
The knee cap and knee pan.
Gluteals
The largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles. It makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of the buttocks.
Who wrote the lyrics for Showboat?
Kern and Hammerstein
By Thor
Killer of Jormungard.
Ymir
King and Largest of the Frost Giants; one of the First Beings of Creation.
Zeus
King of the Gods and ruler of Mt Olympus God of the sky, thunder, and lightning, law and order, and fate Son of Cronus and Rhea Overthrew his father Cronus
Odin
King of the Gods; God of wisdom, war, battle, death, music, and poetry. Often seen with his magic spear, Gungnir and his 8-legged horse, Sleipnir. One-eyes, exchanging for a drink from the Well of Knowledge.
Torah
The laws and belief system of Jews
(Alvin) Ailey
Known as one of the most inspiring dancers and choreographers of his generation, he was dedicated to expanding the tradition of modern dance in America. He began his studies with famed Lester Horton Dance theory. His most famous work was the Revelations piece that followed his experiences growing up black in the South. He choreographed over 79 ballets.
(George) Balanchine
Known as the most influential ballet choreographer of all time and began formal dancing when he was 9 enrolling in the Impreial Ballet School. He made his debut in sleeping beauty when he was 10 which is when he entered the Imperial Ballet School. Founder of the NYC Ballet He was a defining neoclassical choreographer who declined the tutu in favor of leotards and tunics, he also disregaurded stories for abtract dances with his works such as The Firebird, Swan Lake, Hungarian Gypsy Airs, Tarnatella, and Keep of the grass
Samuel Beckett
Krapp's Last Tape
Texture
The layers of sound heard, and how the music feels in comparison to everything else, and how the layers interact with one another.
portato
slurred staccato
Euryale
The weakest Gorgon
Arachne
The weaver who was turned into a spider for her arrogance by Athena
Dharmachakra
The wheel of eight spokes representing the eightfold path.
Rhea (Magna Mater/Ops)
The wife of Cronus, she tricked Cronus to swallowing a rock to save her son. She is known as the mother of the Gods.
Which opera's action on the Ancient Greek myth of Orpheus, who attempts to rescue his dead lover Eurydice from Hades, the underworld?
L'Orfeo
In the final act of which musical do both Marcello and Rodolfo Seperate from their lovers and find their neighbor dead from Tubersculosis?
La Boheme
Which musical was based on the novel La Dame aux Camèlias by Alexandre Dumas ?
La Traviata
Which musical's title literally means The Woman Who Strayed, and was originally named after the main character Violetta?
La Traviata
Dissonance
Lacking harmony, unpleasantness, movement that does not flow or resolve.
Bevel
The foot, although pointed, will go 'off track' a bit from the straight line of the leg. Some consider it not 'pure' technique, indeed because it's not a straight line from hip to toe. Some like it because in arabesque, the line tends to go upwards into the sky (which looks like the leg is higher than it actually is).
Texture
Layers of sound within a composition
Melissa Hayden
Learning to walk set you free - learning to dance gives you the greatest freedom of all: to express with your whole self, the person you are.
What is the real name of Fidelio who goes and saves her husband from a sentence of starvation?
Leonora
Who wrote Camelot?
Lerner and Loewe
Who wrote My Fair Lady?
Lerner and Loewe
Circumduction
The full of rotation, of arms. A circular motion of a limb.
Stage Directions
Lines in the script to tell actors what to do
Port de Bras
Literally "carriage of the arms." Used in this sense, and also to denote exercise designed to develop the upper part of the body. There are positions of the arms just as there are positions of the feet -- the numbering of them varies according to the method of training.
Rond de Jambe
Literally "circle of the leg." May be performed on the ground or in the air, inwards or outwards, jumping or turning.
Deus ex Machina
Literally God of the Machine, it's when an external source abruptly resolves the action of a play by supernatural intervention. Artificial means to resolve a play.
Denouement (Resolution)
Literally, the action of untying. The final outcome of the main complication in a play, coming after the climax.
Which musical is about a man-eating Venus fly-trap,A maniac dentist and flower shop?
Little Shop of Horrors
vivace
Lively and fast
Floor Pattern
Locomotor movements that make a pathway on the floor.
Eugene O'Neill
Long Day's Journey into Night
forte
Loud
The Alchemist
Lovewit, a London gentleman, leaves his house to his butler because of a plague. The butler renames himself captain Face. With the help of Subtle the thief and the prostitute Doll Common, he turns the house into fraudulent activities, including necromancy and the titular activity. Lovewit returns and marries a client of Face, and Fave begs forgiveness.
Levels
Low, medium, high.
Falls
Lower body with weight centered over the ball and toes of the supporting foot. Involves whole body: lower onto heel, flex knee, and compress upper body.
What were the supporters of Jean-Baptiste's works called?
Lullistes
Who is considered the Father of French Opera?
Lully
(Gnaeus) Naevius
Lycurgus, Glaucoma, Tarentilla, Dementes, Astiologa, Andromache
Eugene Ionesco
Macbett
In which musical does American naval lieutenant Benjamin Franklin Pinkerton wed the young girl Cio-Cio-San and then leaves her with a young son named Trouble. He later returns with his new American wife, Kate, and this depresses Cio-Cio-San and she stabs herself and gives the new couple her child?
Madame Butterfly
Symmetrical
Made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.
maestoso
Majestically
George Bernard Shaw
Major Barbara
George Bernard shaw
Man and Superman
Narcissus
Man who fell in love with his own reflection
Anges De Mile 2
Many other dancers have kicked higher, balanced longer or turned faster, these are poor substitutes for passion.
Tethys (N/A)
The wife of Oceanus, she helped produce the rivers and three thousand ocean nymphs.
Tilak
Mark or bead on man or woman's forehead to show marriage
marcato
Marked; with emphasis
Passover
Marks the liberation of Jews from Egypt, because it symbolizes the plague doing the tital action on households with the Jews.
Vedas
Oldest Sanskrit religious text of the Hindu, collection of hymns, prayers, and magic spells.
Dimension
Measurement of the space, taken up by the movement.
meter
Measures and their respective time
Euripides
Medea
.The Furiae
Megaera
20th Century classical
Melody often is not the focus, emphasis on percussion, harsh and dissonant harmony musicians include: Armstrong, Amy, and Hol
Mnemosyne
Memory; morther of the Muses
Mercury
Messenger of the Gods, appeases in several Myths.
Serialism
Method of composition in which various musical elements (pitch, rhythm, dynamics, tone color) may be ordered in a fixed series.
Kvasir
The wisest of all beings created after the Vanir and Aesir wars when the gods spat into a cauldron to make up for this misunderstanding after the Vanir beheaded Hoenir.
August Strindberg
Miss Julie
moderato
Moderate
allegretto
Moderately fast
Suspended
Moment before collapse, to hold a position at an angle.
Hekatonkheires
Monsters with 100 hands and 50 heads
Composer of The Return of Ulysses
Monteverdi
Brunhilde
Most beautiful of the Valkyries; resides in a mountaintop ringed in fire until Sigrud saves her. The Subject of Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung.
Easy listening
Most popular in the 1950's and 1970's. It was music that was mainly instrumental and included mainly light jazz and instrumental versions of popular songs.
Gaia
Mother Earth
Semele
Mother of Dionysus with Zeus, a mortal who was consumed by fire when she was tricked by Hera (Zeus's jealous Wife)
Adduction
Move a limb or other part of the body toward the midline of the body or toward another part.
Slide
Move the free foot in a given direction with light contact with the floor and take weight. Same as Glide. Step and leap.
segue
Movement from one thing to another; transition
Locomotor Movement
Movement in which the body travels across space. Even, rhythm.
Martha Graham
Movement never lies. Nothing is more revealing than movement. Was an American modern dancer and choreographer whose influence on dance has been compared with the influence Picasso, alcoholic, choreographed dance till her old age, developed contraction.
Blocking
Movement patterns of actors on stage, usually planned by the director to create meaningful stage pictures
Dynamics
Movement quality, each movement has a dynamic, large or small.
Directions
Movement towards a destination.
Improvisation
Movements that are created spontaneously by the dancer with or without specific direction, either individually or with other dancers.
Who composed Don Giovanni 1787?
Mozart
Who composed The Marriage of Figaro in 1786?
Mozart
Who composed the Magic Flute in 1791?
Mozart
George Bernard Shaw
Mrs. Warren's Profession (prostitution)
Mecca
Muhammad's Birthplace
Urania
Muse of Astronomy
Thalia
Muse of Comedy
Terpsichore
Muse of Dance
Euterpe
Muse of Music
Polyhymnia
Muse of Sacred Poetry
Melpomene
Muse of Tradegy
Erato
Muse of love poetry
New Age
Music intended to create inspiration, relaxation, and optimism, such as for users such as yoga, massage, meditators, or methods of stress management.
Country
Music mainly coming from the south of the United States. It uses banjos, fiddles, guitars, and normally centers on sadder topics and romance.
Calliope
Music of Epic Poetry
Electronic
Music that employs electronic musical instruments and electronic music technology in its production.
Lyrical
Musical, smooth, flowing, and imaginative movement.
Rhythmic Pattern
Musical, the pulse of music to dance t0. The use of drums to keep the pulse of movement.
Who composed Boris Godunov in 1874?
Mussorgsky
In which musical does Henry Higgins make Eliza Doolittle a lady and then falls in love with her?
My Fair Lady
Script
The written text of a play
Medusa
Name of the Gorgon slayed by Perseus
Sophocles
Theban Cycle
The Glass Menagerie
Narrated by Tom, son of Amanda and an unnamed father. Her daughter called Laura, a girl with pleurosis (blue roses) who walks with a limp, spends most of her time with her collection of delicate figures, her favorite a glass unicorn. The play ends when her unicorn's horn shatters, and she is brought back to reality.
Adonis
The god of beauty and desire, he was a love interest of Aphrodite. She entrusted his safekeeping as a baby to persephone, but she refused to give him back to Aphrodite. He ended up spending 2/3 of the year with artemis, and 1/3 of the year with Persephone. he was killed by a boar, sent by Artemis
Uranus
The god of the Heavens (Father Sky); father of the Heavens
Voodoo
No single founder of this religion is known. It combines African animism, spiritism, and shamanism, black magic, and witchcraft. it is primarily centered in Haiti. They use Gris-Gris, or amulets to ward off spirits. They believe in a supreme being, and lesser spirits called loa. They are most commonly known for the dolls.
Euripides
Notable for focusing on putting ordinary people into extraordinary circumstances, this playwright shocked his primarily male audience by overly sympathising with women.
Props
Objects or clothing items that aid in setting the character or scene of a plau
Pan
The god of the wild, shepherds, nature, and fauns
Who composed Fiddler on the Roof?
(Jerry) Bock
Who composed 1776?
(Sherman) Edward
Euripides
Alcestis
Menander
Aspis
Mihrab
Empty arch which indicated direction of Mecca
Uranus
Father Heaven
downbeat
First beat of a measure
Sauté
French, in ballet, a jump.
funebre
Funeral type music
Henrik Ibsen
Ghosts
Aristophanes
Lysistrata
Euripides
Phoenician Women
George Bernard Shaw
Saint Joan
grave
Serious
Love
Son of Night and Erebus
dolce
Sweetly
Centre Of Gravity
The core that anchors your balance.
The Furiae
Tisiphone
Chekhov
Uncle Vanya
Ganesha-Chaturthi
a Hindu sacred festival of Ganesh (August-September)
eos
god of dawn
Accent
putting emphasis on a note
sonore
sonorous
sostenuto
sustained
recitato
the person reading the speech or work.
Eris
The goddess of discord, she threw a golden apple between Aphrodite, Athena, and Artemis and said the most fair goddess could have the apple.
Potamoi
The gods of the rivers, produced by Oceanus, and brother to the Oceanids.They were the fathers of the Naiads
Kali (aka Shakti)
The great goddess, married to Shiva.
Fourth Position Open
The heels are aligned and spread apart.
Gungnir
Odin's Magic Spear
Sleipnir
Odin's eight legged horse.
Pitch
The highness or lowness of the instrument, the shape of the sound, and the steps and intervals, or the smooth glides of the tone
Aeschylus
Orestia
Blues
Originating in African-American communities in the Deep South of the United States, it has simple chord progressions and uses a 12 tone scale. It is characterized by a call and response pattern.
Tennessee Williams
Orpheus Descending
(Maria) Tallchief
Osage ballerina who has performed with the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo and the New York City Ballet. She was the first Native American to become a prima ballerina and was married to George Balanchine
Supination
Outward rotation of the ankles.
Rump Sprung
Over extension or flexibility.
Litha (Summer Solstice)
Pagan, Wiccan, Druid. A celebration of the longest day of the year, celebrating the Goddess manifesting as Mother Earth and the God as the Sun King.
Osatra (Spring Equinox)
Pagan, Wiccan, and Druid. It is known also as the Spring Equinox. It is marked as the time when te Goddess conceives the God's Child, which will be reborn during Yule.
The Five Percepts
Part of Buddhism, they commandL -Do not harm or kill living things. -Do not take things unless they are freely given. - Lead a decent life. -Do not speak unkindly or tell lies. -Do not abuse drugs or alcohol.
Henrik Ibsen
Peer Gynt
Parvati
The hindu goddess of power and beauty, known as the human form of Adi Parashakti.
Dramatis Pesonae
People of drama, in latin. It is a list of characters in the play usually on the first page of the script
Helios
Personification of the Sun
Isaclora Duncan
Philosophy of dance moved away from rigid ballet technique and towards what she perceived as natural movement. To restore dance to a high art form instead of entertainment, she sought the connection between emotions and movement. (May 27, 1877 - September 14, 1927) was an American dancer.
Abafando
Play music muted or quietly
arco
Play with the bow
pizzicato
Plucking of strings
Prance
Pointed legs in front attitude, changing from one foot to the other.
Sickle
Pointed toes taken too far, sometimes used in modern dance for emotion and contraction.
Mazurka
Polish country dance in triple meter, often with accentuation of the second beat.
Antigone (The third and final part of the Theban Cycle)
Polyneices and Etocles have died in the Theban Civil war. Creon desires that Etocles should be honoured while Polyneices should he shamed. Oedipus's daughter attempts to properly bury Polyneices and is imprisoned for it. Tiresias, the blind prophet warns Creon that the gods are unhappy and should bury Polyneices' body. After lots riots, he finally buried the body, but not until Oedipus's Daughter commits suicide.
Einherjar
The fallen warriors of Valhalla. Destined to fight at Ragnarok.
Bellerophontes
The famed equestrian who captured pegasus by asking the help of Athena, and caught the pegasus by surprise when it was drinking.
Aeschylus
Prometheus Bound
Menander
Providing the best known example of Athenian New Comedy, none of this playwrights works survived in their completed form.
Who composed Madame Butterfly in 1904?
Puccini
Rhythm Pattern
Pulse of the music. Rhythm dance is composed of broken rhythms, syncopation, and off beats.
Percussive
Punctuated movement, stop, and start movement.
George Bernard shaw
Pygmalion
glissando
Quick sliding up or down the scale.
Which composer ignited controversy with his opera Hippolyte et Aricie?
Rameau
Who composed Castor et Pollux?
Rameau
Indirect Path
Random or improvised dance movements that follow a path and destination.
Midgard
Realm of Humans; the Earth.
Asgard
Realm of the Aesir (Norse Gods); contains Valhalla
Jotunheim
Realm of the Frost Giants.
Vanaheim
Realm of the Vanir (Norse gods at odds with the Aesir until the merged.)
Exodos
The final scene and exit of the characters and chorus in a classical play
Studpas
The first Buddhist shrines, with 10 dome shaped mounds to hold Buddha's ashes.
Range
Related to dimension, upper and lower movements.
Sequential Relaxation
Relax from the ground up, rag doll position.
Eugene Ionesco
Rhinoceros
burlesque
Ridicules by imitating with caricature, or exaggerated characterization. The association with striptease is that in a bygone era, mocking skits and ecdysiastic displays were often on the same playbills in certain venues.
Who wrote Oklahoma?
Rodgers and Hammerstein
Who wrote The Sound of Music?
Rodgers and Hammerstein
Who wrote The King and I?
Rogers and Hammerstein
Who composed William Tell in 1829?
Rossini
Medial Rotation
Rotation towards the center of the body.
Anton Chekhov
Russian author who practiced as a physician, and developed early usage of stream-of-consciousness
(Sergie Pavlovich) Diaghilev
Russian ballet impresario who founded the Russian ballet and later introduced it to the West and was one fo the founders of the Ballets Russes (1872-1929)
(Michel) Fokine
Russian choreographer, 1902: teacher at Imperial Ballet School; choreographed for Ballet Russes; choreographed the Dying Swan for Anna Pavlova
Shostakovich
Russian composer who wrote innovative music which angered Stalin. he wrote two Operas, "The Nose" and "Lady Macbeth of Mtsenk". He wrote the Leningrad Symphony in support of Russians during the siege of Leningrad
(Mikhail) Baryshnikov
Russian dancer and choreographer who defected to the west from the Soviet Union. Artistic director of American Ballet Theatre; acted in several movies such as "White Knights" and on many television shows
Om (Aum)
Sacred sound considered the greatest of all mantras
lamentoso
Sadly played music
Well of Urd
Said to be one of the few connections between Niflheim and Midgard.
Orestia
Tells the story of Erinyes, who are in pursuit of the titular character, who has murdered Erinyes mother, Clytemnestra, to avenge his his father's (Agamemnon) death. At the end of the play, Athena presides over the trial, and the trial ends in a tie. He is acquitted by Athena to show mercy over retribution. The Erinyes accept this and become the Eumenides. (The Kindly Ones) (AKA The Furies)
In which play does King Herod's daughter become obsessed with her father's prisoner, Jokanaan, and advances towards him and is upset when he ignores her. When her dad wants her to dance and she says she will only do it for the head of Jokanaan?
Salome
Menander
Samia
Upanishads
Sanskrit religious text of the Hindu, Stories and parables told by gurus to their students
Bhagavad Gita
Sanskrit religious text of the Hindu, a 700-line epic, incorporated into the Mahabharata, detailing a conversation between Arjuna and Krishna
Mahabharata
Sanskrit religious text of the Hindu, story of a war between two royal families
Ramayana
Sanskrit religious text of the Hindu, story of the god Rama and the rescue of his wife Sita from Ravana, the evil demon king.
Straddle Position
Seated with your legs straight apart.
Vibratory
Shaking or trembling a part of the body for dance purposes.
Idun
She carries the basket containing the Golden Apples of Immortality. She was abducted by Thiassi, the storm Giant and all the gods began growing old. She was rescued by a wrinkly old Loki in the guise of a falcon
(Isadora) Duncan
She was known to wear alot of flowy skirts and outfits, and she died because her neck went snap crackle pop because of a scarf. Also, she was known as the "mother of modern dance"
Pop
Short for popular music, it is music that is current at the time and now normally means electronic or fast paced music.
Demi Pointe
Similar to rise, when you go onto the balls of your feet.
Twyla Tharp
Since graduating from Barnard College in 1963, Ms. Tharp has choreographed more than one hundred sixty works: one hundred twenty-nine dances, twelve television specials, six Hollywood movies, four full-length ballets, four Broadway shows and two figure skating routines. Her dances are known for creativity, wit and technical precision coupled with a streetwise nonchalance.
Dwarves
Small, stunted beings known for their craftsmanship.
Medea
Sorceress who helped the argonauts capture the golden fleece, wife of Jason
Shabbat
Special sabbath meal where families hold this celebration together and begin with the blessing of the namesake candles
Supporting Leg
Stationary leg, by the bar.
Turns
Step and change your facing direction, specifically the direction in which your feet are pointing.
Gallop
Step and leap, also a lively dance to duple metre. Step and leap.
Skip
Step forward and with a soft knee, straighten leg, rise slightly off the floor, and return to the floor on the same foot. Step and hop.
Eugene O'Neill
Strange Interlude
The Clouds
Strepsiades is in debt and decides a plan to outwit the creditors in court by enrolling his son Pheidippides into the Thoughtery, but he denies so Strepsiades goes in himself. Socrates shows Strepsiades his "discoveries" (silly things that aren't really discoveries, it's a comedy) Strepsiades returns and wages war against Socrates and the Thoughtery
Accent
Stress, emphasis.
Tension
Stretch tight, offering resistant, tense, muscle movement.
Extension
Stretching or elongating the limbs or torso.
Primary
Swing: Fluid, circular, pivot, momentum. Sustain: Pause, continuous time, enduring, flow. Percussive: Isolated, levels, bold, beat.
The (Ten)(10) Commandments
Tablets containing ten laws that God gave to moses
In the opera Castor and Pollux, what is the name of the princess both of the brothers are in love with?
Telaira
Kami
Term for the spirits worshipped in Shinto
Chekhov
The Cherry Orchard
Aristophanes
The Clouds
Oceanids
The 3,000 ocean nymphs produced by Oceanus. They are brothers to the Potamoi.
Kamiyonanayo
The 7 generations of gods with one male and one female, the original gods of Shinto
Aristophanes
The Acharnians
Ben Johnson
The Alchemist
Eugene Ionesco
The Bald Soprano
Aristophanes
The Birds
Eugene Ionesco
The Chairs
Eugene O'Neill
The Emperor Jones
August Strindberg
The Father
Ragnarok
The Final Battle between the forces of good and evil. Loki leads the first giants against Aesir and Vanir. All realms, gods, and goddesses perish except for a select few, heralding a new age.
The Student
The First Ideal Stage of Life, according to Buddhism. It lasts until you.re about 24.
Aristophanes
The Frogs
George Bernard Shaw
The Gadfly
August Strindberg
The Ghost Sonata
Tennessee Williams
The Glass Menagerie
Jupiter (Jove)
The God of the Sky and chief God.
Thalia
The Grace of Good Cheer
Euphorsyne
The Grace of Mirth
Aglaia
The Grace of Splendor
Buri
The first of the Aesir tribe that was uncovered from the licking of Audhumbla of the ice. Had a son named Bor (father of Odin)
Aeschylus
The first of the three Greek tragedians. He is considered the father of tragedy. He is credited with adding a second character to the play, allowing for conflict. (He also participated in the battle of Marathon)
Eugene O'Neill
The Iceman Cometh
Marlowe
The Jew of Malta
In what musical does Mrs. Anna Leowens teach English to a Kings children, falls in love with the King, leaves anyway and comes back when the King dies to help the Kings son rules his people?
The King and I
Aristophanes
The Knights
Muspell
The Land of Fire and Desolation; ruled by Surt and the Fire Giant.
Eugene Ionesco
The Lesson
Stereopoes
The Lightning Cyclopes
Pamina and Tamino are the lovers in which opera?
The Magic Flute
Which opera is Based on a comedy by Beaumarchais?
The Marriage of Figaro
Tennessee Williams
The Night of the Iguana
Niflheim
The Norse Underworld; also known as Hel. Dead souls there are ruled by the goddess Hel.
Ganymede
The OTHER cupbearer to the gods
Aeschylus
The Persians
George Bernard Shaw
The Philanderer
In what play does Ulysses go in disguise to his wife Penelope and her suitors?
The Return of Ulysses
The Recluse
The Third Ideal Stage of Life, according to Buddhism
Tennessee Williams
The Rose Tattoo
Chekhov
The Seagull
Aeschylus
The Seven Against Thebes
The Four Sights of Buddah
The Sick Man, The Old Man, The Dead Man, The Monk.
Uranus
The Sky titan, and the first ruler. He is the son of Gaea. He became the husband of Gaea, and had 12 of the titans with her. His rule ended when Cronus chopped him to pieces.
Henrik Ibsen
The Wild Duck
Sophocles
The Women of Trachis
Chekhov
The Wood Demon
Yggdrasil
The World Tree. It contains upon It the 9 realms.
Brushes
The act and sound of the foot pointed on the floor. Either tendus, dégagés, or bevel.
Plantar Flexion
The act of pointing your toes.
Rotation
The act of turning.
Prologue
The action or dialogue that comes before, and introduces, a play. It provides background information and sets the scene of events to clme
Dhvaja
The banner symbolizing Buddha's teaching
Buddhism
The belief that through focus, meditation, and leading a life that follows the eightfold path will help oneself reach Nirvana, a state which is separate from suffering and being fully alive and present in ones life.
Alignment
The direction of a step or figure in relation to the room (e.g., LOD). Consider alignment in contrast to foot position, which is the direction of a step in relation to the other foot (e.g., forward, side, back). The spine line, the lumbar spine.
Brokkr and Sindri
The dwarves that Loki tricked into creating Mjollnir, Draupnir, and Gullinbursti
Karma
The effects of our lives and actions upon this life and lives to come.
Stretch Reflex
The elongation of the body, generally one side more than the other. Stretch is accomplished by raising one hip and rib cage without collapsing the other side. The shoulder on the stretched side rises, but only as a consequence of stretch. One does not "lift" the shoulder. Right stretch produces left sway.
The Titans
The enormous, strong, precursors to the gods
Contractualism
The ethical theory according to which morally right behavior and obligation should be determined by a hypothetical contract in which parties agree to accept certain standards as reasonable.
Quality Of Movement
The excellence of movement that requires emotion and technique.
A Doll's House
The play centres around Nora and Torvald Helmer at Christmas time. Nora has purchased several gifts as Torvald has received a promotion. Torvald attempts to get Kristine, Nora's friend, a job, as he intends to let Krogstad go. Krogstad knows, however, that Nora forged his fathers signature for a trip to Italy, and attempts to tell Torvald, but is thwarted by Kristine. Nora then tells Torvald anyway, and after being angry, he forgives her. Nora leaves Torvald to discover to she is, as she thinks that she has been living a fragile and fake lifestyle, leading to the title of the play. The play ends with Torvald breaking down in tears.
Rhinoceros
The play follows the lead character, Berenger, as everyone in a small French town are transformed into Rhinoceros. He is left alone and attempts to turn into one, but fails. The play ends with him shouting "I'm not capitulating!", determined once again to go against the Rhinoceroses.
The Iceman Cometh
The play is set Harry Hope, a bar, full of alcoholics. They talk excitedly of Hickey, a salesman who pays for drinks when he's in town. When he arrives, he tells everyone he's sober. Later it's revealed that Hickey had murdered his wife ad called the police on himself. He killed her because of her forgiving him for being drunk all the time. He breaks down, saying pipe dreams are what people need to keep going. The bars patrons testify for his insanity, besides Don and Larry, who want to die.
Diction
The playwrights choice in words and syntax
Point of Attack
The point in the story at which the playwright chooses to start dramatizing the action
Hare Krishna
The popular name for the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), it is a new religious movement based in Hinduism. It was founded by His Divine Grace A.C Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in 196 in New York and San Francisco. Its sacred text is the bhagavad Gita. They try to chant the namesake mantra to achieve a divine state called Krishna consciousness.
Triple Rhythm
The portion of the standard timing of a rhythm consisting of three steps taken over two beats of music as is characteristic of Jive, Cha Cha, and other rhythms. Notice that the timing of these three steps is not even. It divides one beat evenly, leaving the second beat undivided for a time value of 1/8, 1/8, 1/4 (in 4/4 time). The "a" is a shorter interval, and the time value of a triple is 3/16, 1/16, 1/4.
Catharsis
The purging of pity or fear, usually by speech. According to Aristotle, the audience should experience this at the end of a tragedy
Meter
The rhythm of a piece, determined by the number and length of feet in a line.
Saturn
The ruler of the titans
Cronus (Saturn)
The ruling titan who came to power by chopping up his father. He was husband to Rhea, and his offspring were the first of the Olympians. He is the Titan of Time, and he swallowed his children to prevent them from rising up, which ultimately failed. His rule is known as the Golden Age on earth.
lo stesso
The same speed
Heracles (Herkales)
The sun of Zeus and Alcmene, the hero grew up to become a famed warrior. Zeus's jealous wife's Hera made him temporarily insane and in that time he killed his wife in children. As punishment, he was made to perform twelve labors
Perseus
The sun of Zeus and Danae, this hero completed many dangerous feats and quick talents as a warrior. His most famous was the slaying of the Gorgon Medusa by watching her reflection in a mirror and beheading her. He also saved the princess Andromeda from being eaten by a sea monster. He did this by pulling out Medusa's head and turning the creature into stone.
Planes Of Action
The surface on where you dance or move you move your body.
Hesitate or Rubato
The temporary disregarding of strict tempo to allow an expressive quickening or slackening, usually without altering the overall pace.
Motivation
The thought or desire that drives a character to complete an action
The Graces
The three goddesses of Grace and Beauty, which include Mirth, Cheer, and Good Spirit
The Moirae
The three sisters who measured, weaved, and cut the thread of life for humanws
The Gorgons
The three snake-haired monsters they turned men to stone.
Iapetus
The titan father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Atlas.
Eos
The titan goddess of the Dawn, she rose each morning from her home at the edge of Oceanus. She had a brother, Helios, and a sister, Selene.
Selene (Luna)
The titan goddess of the Moon, she drove her moon chariot across the heavens at night. She has a brother, Helios, and a sister, Eos. She has been identified with Artemis, who has also been associated with Hecate, and all three are known as Lunar Goddesses.
Themis
The titan of justice and order, she was mother to the Fates (Moirae) and the Seasons
Hyperion (N/A)
The titan of light, he was a form of an early sun god. He is the son of Gaea and Uranus, who married Thea. With Thea, they produced their children Helios (the Sun), Selene (the moon), and Eos ( the dawn). He is sometimes the Titan of Watchfulness.
Mnemosyne (nee-muh-seen)
The titan of memory, she was mother to the Muses.
Philoctetes
The title figure has been given Heracles' bow and arrows, and was abandoned by the Greeks on Lemnos. It is later revealed that the war can not be won without the bow and arrow. The title character refuses to rejoin the army, but Heracles shows up and tells him to so he shuts up and does it.
Ajax
The title figure in this play is upset that Achilles' armor is given to Odysseus. Athena tricks him into killing sheep, convincing him they were Achaeans. He is in shame over this and commits suicide.
Oedipus at Colonus (the second part of the Theban cycle)
The titular character blinds himself after learning the truth of his parents, and is led by his daughter, Antigone, to a nearby village. Creon, the new king of Thebes, wants the character to return to Thebes, and captures his daughters Ismene and Antigone when he refuses. The Athenians and Thebians go to war, bringing the daughters back. The main character dies.
Cervical Spine
The top seventh vertebra of your spine. The cervical spine is the area of the vertebral column commonly referred to as the neck.
Climax
The turning point of the action in the plot of a play, the point of greatest tension in the work.
Underlyining Beat
The underlying pulse of a dance or music.
Over Curve
The upper curve of a swing.
Andronicus and Naevius
These two have no surviving works, however supply the best known example of Roman Drama
Duration
This concept of music involves tempo, bars, the length of the sounds and rests, rhythm patterns, and syncopation.
Twist
This dance was written by an African American musician in Georgia in 1958. He and his band members made up some twisting movements for the musicians to do while playing the music. Then in 1960, Chubby Checker made his first twist record, and made the Twist famous in Philadelphia. Twist came to New York via Philadelphia and New Jersey and then spread throughout most countries.
Odysseus (Ulysseus)
This hero is a King of Ithaca and a celebrated warrior, he helped the Greeks triumph in the Trojan war. He then journeyed ten years to return home to Ithaca and his wife Penelope. Along the way this hero's cleverness an courage sacend him and his men from monsters such as the Cyclops, Polyphemus. the Sirens, and Scylla, and Charybids. Also, when he arrived back in Ithaca he had to prove his identity to Penelope. His story is told in Homer's epic poem, the Odyssey.
Theseus
This hero was known for his triumph over numerous monsters, especially the Minotaur, which lived in a labrynth on the island of Crete. Every year the people of Athens had been forced to send fourteen young people to the Minotaur to be eaten alive. This hero used a ball of magic thread from the princess Ariadne to find his way in and out of the labryrinth and killed the beast. It is said that he is either the sun of Aegeus, king of Athens, or the sea god Poseidon. He later in life became king of Athens and a famous Warrior.
Mormonism (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints)
This is a relativley new religion in the world, founded in the middle of the 19th century by Joseph Smith. They do not belive in the Holy Trinity, and teaches that people were formerly spirits in heaven. Jesus atoned for their sins by sweating blood. They do not drink, smoke, drink tea or coffee. Their sacred text is the Book of ______, their namesake text.
Atlas
This is the titan of astronomy and navigation, he held up the celestial spheres, high up in the mountains. He is one of the strongest titans.
Falling Action
This is when the events and complications begin to resolve themselves and tension is released. We learn whether the conflict has or been resolved or not.
(Renie) Harris
This man grew up around Hip-Hop influences and his life goal was to bring "street" dancing to the international stage in order to make it acceptable and credible. He began incorporating Native American Influences to his dance movements as his dances evolved and started his own acclaimed namesake dance company: (His first name) (His last name) Puremovment. His most notable work, in which he also won the Hernan Shakespeare theater prize for his dance Rome and Jewels (which is a dance loosely based on Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story).
Hippolytus
This play centres on the story of the illegitimate son of Theseus and Hippolyta. He has sworn chastity and will not honor Aphrodite, instead honouring Artemis. Aphrodite makes the boy's stepmother, Phaedra, fall in love with him. She kills herself out of shame, leaving a note saying the TC raped her. After being banished by Theseus, but rescued by Artemis, the play ends with Artemis swearing revenge upon Aphrodite.
Three Sisters
This play focuses on the titular group of women and a brother, Andrei, who is in love with Natasha. They marry and have a child, although Natasha is having an affair. Olga, the eldest woman, moves out, giving up her dream of returning to Russia. Masha, the middle age, is taken back in by her husband after her paramour is killed. Irina, the youngest, her fate is unknown after her fiancé is killed. Andrei is left stuck in his marriage.
Medea
This play sees the title character in Cornith after helping Jason obtain the Golden Fleece. Jason considered her a barbarian, and left her to marry Glauce. The TC (angry) schemes and poisons family heirlooms of Jason. She gives her poisoned heirlooms to Glauce, who dies. She then rushes off stage to kill her children (to hurt Jason). The play ends with her above the stage in Helios's chariot revealing in Jason's agony, with her children's bodies.
Rastafari
This religion began in Jamaica in the 1920's. They belive that black people are the chosen people of God, as dictated by Marcus Garvey, after the coronation of King Selassie.The most famous adherent to this religion is Bob Marley. Most people see it as a way of life rather than a religion. They are forbidden to cut their hair, and they are known for ritual inhalation of marijuana
Modern Drama
This style of drama includes minimalist and Theater of the Absurd, focusing on more realistic characters, and examines and questions modern society.
Renaissance
This style of play incorporated mystery plays, miracle plays, and morality plays.
Iapetus
This titan of Mortality, his name means "wound, pierce". He was the father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius, and Atlas by Clymene
Mystery Play (you MUST say play afterwards)
This type of play focuses on the liturgical, and based on biblical stories.
Orpheus and the Underworld
This work, performed in 1858 is said to be the first classical full-length operetta. This work by Jacques Offenbach uses Greek mythology as a backdrop for his bufoonaries. This works best known music is the cancan that appears in the last scene
Mjolnir
Thor's Magic Hammer Created by the Dwarves Brokkr and Sindri
Chekhov
Three Sisters
Triplet
Three sounds, usually a shuffle step. Three steps taken evenly over two beats of music. The time value of these three steps would be 2/3, 2/3, 2/3 (in 4/4 music).
Prometheus
Titan and son of Iapetus and Themis. He created humans and stole fire from Zeus and gave it to Humans. As punishment, Zeus had him chained to a mountain and every day an eagle would come and eat his liver. After a while, Zeus sent his son Heracles to free him by breaking the chains which held him
August Strindberg
To Damascus
Dance Walk
To walk with your toes first.
Folk
Traditional music that comes from a specific group of people, and that it is normally transmitted orally throughout a generation.
Jump
Transfer of weight from 2 feet to 2 feet.
kyogen
Used as little plays between noh acts, they used slapstick and to relate the theme to the real world
Pivot
Usually as a couple, step and rotate on the ball of the supporting foot by turning the upper body. Stepping forward R, one would turn right. Stepping back L, one would turn right. The free leg is extended forward or back. Amount of turn can be very little or 1/2 turn or more.
Passeé
Used as a transitional step and retierè.
Aladura
Various prophet healing churches that have developed in west Africa since 1918. It was founded in West nigeria, with about 1 million adherents world wide. It combines Anglican and African beliefs.
Global Theatre
Various ways in which different nations and cultures influence one another's theatrical traditions. Theatre is a global activity (interaction, adaptation, collaboration) Development of global exchanges in communication, in ideas, in commerce, and in the arts.
Where was the first major opera house opened?
Venice
Who composed Aida in 1871?
Verdi
presto
Very Fast
Ben Johnson
Volpone
Who composed Lohengrin in 1845?
Wagner
Who composed Tristan and Isolde in 1865?
Wagner
Who composed the Ring of the Nibelung?
Wagner
Who composed the Tetralogy of The Rhinegold, The Valkyrie, Siegfried, and Gotterdamerung?
Wagner
Who, as his last opera, composed Parsifal in 1882?
Wagner
Samuel Beckett
Waiting for Godot
Valkyries
Warrior-Maidens who gather the dead and bring them to Valhalla; servants of Odin.
Doris Humphrey
Was a dancer and choreographer of the early twentieth century, the second generation modern dance pioneers who followed their forerunners, in exploring the use of breath and developing techniques still taught today.
Ruth St. Denis
Was a modern dance pioneer, introducing eastern ideas into the art. She was the co-founder of the American Denishawn School of Dance and the teacher of several notable performers.
Alvin Ailey
Was an African-American choreographer and activist who founded the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater in New York City. Ailey is credited with popularizing modern dance and revolutionizing African-American participation in 20th century concert dance.
Who wrote Evita?
Webbers and Rice
Mantra (of contemporary music)
Whatever note that one expects is never the one that comes
Cecil B Demille
Works: The Ten Commandments, Samson and Delilah, The Greatest Show on Earth, The Squaw Man, The King of Kings
Downstage
When facing the audience, the area closest to the audience.
Upstage
When facing the audience, the area farthest away from the audience.
(Bob) Fosse
When it came to dance and life this man did not mess around. He had a jazz dance style that oozed sexuality. Some of his more popular plays turned into movies such as his dance for Shirley MacLain who performed in Sweet Charity and Liza Minelli who took the lead in the movie Carabet. He choreographed the play Damn Yankees.
Time Signature
When music is divided into beats per measure.
Dramatic Irony
When the audience knows something the character doesn't
Long Sitting
When the legs are extended in front, and your back up straight.
Peripeteia (Reversal)
When the plot takes an unexpected turn for the protagonist
Style
Your manner of dancing, ballet, modern, etc.
(Bertolt) Brecht
Who developed Epic Theatre, which was a reaction against Stanislavskis naturalistic method, it makes clear that the audience is watching a play and an artifice?
(Hans-Thies) Lehmann
Who developed the theory of Postdramatic theatre in which the theatre focused more on effect on the audience than the original text?
Hera
Wife and sister of sister of Zeus, queen of the Gods
Bestla
Wife of Buri Mother of Odin, Vili, and Ve
Frigga
Wife of Odin; Foremost of the goddesses. Has the power of prophecy.
Rhea
Wife of Saturn
In which opera is the main character forced to shoot an apple of his son Jemmy's head?
William Tell
Aside
Words spoken by actors to an audience that other characters don't hear
Aside
Words spoken by an actor directly to the audience, but not "heard" by other cast members.
Coen Brothers
Work: Blood Simple, True Grit, Raising Arizona, Fargo, The Big Lebowski
Frank Capra
Work: It's a wonderful life, It happened One Night, Mr Smith Goes to Washington, Mr Deeds Goes To Town, Meet John Doe
Clint Eastwood
Work: Million Dollar Baby, The Outlaw Josey Wales, The Good The Bad and The Ugly, Unforgiven, Gran Torino
Alfred Hitchcock
Work: Psycho, Vertigo, The Birds, North by Northwest, Rear Window
Ron Howard
Work: Rush, A Beautiful Mind, Ed TV
John Ford
Work: Stage coach, She Wore a Yellow Ribbon, The Quiet Man
George Lucas
Work: Star Wars, American Graffiti
John Huston
Work: The Maltese Falcon, The African Queen, The Asphalt Jungle, The Man Who Would Be King
Sidney Lumet
Works: 12 Angry Men, Dog Day Afternoon
Woody Allen
Works: Annie Hall, Midnight in Paris, Blue Jasmine, Hannah and Her Sisters, Manhattan
James Cameron
Works: Avatar, Titanic, The Terminator, Aliens
Michael Curtiz
Works: Casablanca, The Adventures of Robin Hood, Mildred Pierce, Yankee Doodle Dandy
Spike Lee
Works: Do The Right Thing, Old Boy, She Gotta Have It, Red Hook Summer
Michael Mann
Works: Heat, Public Enemies, The Insider, The Last of the Mohicans
Robert Altman
Works: McCabe and Mrs. Miller, The Player, Short Cuts, MASH, Godsford Park
Elia Kazan
Works: On the Waterfront, A Streetcar Named Desire, East of Eden, A Face in the Crowd
Mike Nichols
Works: The Graduate, Charlie Wilson's War, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf
Tim Burton
Works: The Nightmare Before Christmas, Corpse Bride, Edward Scissors, Alice In Wonderland, Beetlejuice
George Cukor
Works: The Philadelphia Story, My Fair Lady, A Star is Born, Gone With the Wind, Adam's Rib
Stanley Kubrick
Works: The Shining, 2001: A Space Odyssey, A Clockwork Orange, Eyes Wide Shut
21st century classical
YoYo Ma's period a resurrection of the classical movement from
Cupid
Young God of Love, son of Venus and Vulcan
Black Forest Girl
a 1917 operetta in three acts by the German composer Leon Jessel that follows the story of two friends from Berlin (Hans and Richard) The girls involved are Han's girlfriend and the title character, an orphaned maidservant. After many entanglements with an organ master, all eventually works out for the young people. It remains very popular in Germany today
Wings
a 1927 American silent war film set during WW1 that was directed by Lucien Hubbard. It stars Clara Bow and Charles "Buddy" Rogers. Jack Powell and David Armstrong are rivals in the same small American town, both vying for the attention of the petty Sylvia Lewis. Jack fails to realize the "the girl next door",Mary Preston is desperately in love with him . The two young men both enlist to become combat pilors in the Air Service when they leave for training camp, Jack mistakenly believes Sylvia prefers him. She actually prefers David and lets him know about her feelings, but is too kindhearted to turn down Jack's Affection. It is directed by William A Wellman. It won 2 academy awards and was nominated for 2
The Broadway Melody
a 1929 American Musical film and the first sound film to win an academy award for the Best Picture. It was one of the first musicals to feature a Technicolor sequence, which sparked the trend of color being used in a flurry of musicals. It was directed by Harry Beaumont and included the popular hit "You Were Meant For Me". and "Give My Regards to Broadway". Bessie Love was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance. It won 1 academy award and was nominated for 3
All Quiet on the Western Front
a 1930 American epic war film and sequel to The Road Black based on the Erich Maria Remarque novel of the same name. It was directed by Lewis Milestone. It is considered a realistic account of warfare in WW1. It stars Louis Wolheim and Lew Ayres and was directed by Lewis Milestone. It was preserved by the Library of Congress' National Film Registry in 1990 and was the first film to win both the Academy Award for Outstanding Production and Best Director. It won 2 academy awards and was nominated for 4
Cimarron
a 1931 Pre-Code Western Film directed by Wesley Ruggles starring Richard Dix and Irene Dunne. It tells the tale of The Oklahoma Land Rush which prompts thousands to travel to Oklahoma Territory to grab free government land. Yanvey Cravat, his young bride Sabra, and their son Cim, join the throngs. In the race, Yancey is outwitted by a young prostitute, Dixie Lee who takes the prime piece of Real Estate, the Bear Creek claim, which Yancey had targeted for himself. It won 3 academy award and was nominated for 7
Cavalcade
a 1933 American drama film directed by Frank Lloyd. It offers a view of the English life from New Year's Eve 1899 through New Years Day 1933 it is from the POV of well-to-do London residents Jane and Robert Marryot. Several historical events serve as the background for the film including the Second Boer War, the death of Queen Victoria, the sinking of the Titanic, and WW1. It won 3 academy awards and was nominated for 8
Schindler's List
a 1933 American epic historical drama film directed and coproduced by Steven Spielberg. It is based on the novel by Thomas Keneally and is based on the life of Oskar Schindler, a German businessman who saved the lives of more than a thousand Polish-Jewish refugees during the Holocaust by employing him in his factories. It stars Liam Neeson. It won 7 academy awards and was nominated for 12
It Happened one Night
a 1934 American romantic comedy film with elements of screwball comedy directed by Frank Capra. In which a pampered socialite name Claudette Colbert tries to get out from under her father's thumb and falls in love with a roguish reporter named Clark Gable. It won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 5
Mutiny on the Bounty
a 1935 drama film starring Charles Laughton and Clark Gable and directed by Frank Lloyd. Its about two men's two year journey on the HMS Bounty in 1787. It won 1 academy award and was nominated for 8
The Great Ziegfeld
a 1936 American musical drama film directed by Robert Z Leonard. It stars William Powell as the theatrical impresario Florenz "Flo" Ziegfeld Jr and Luise Rainer as Ana Held and Myrna Loy as Billie Burke. The film is a fictionalized tribute to Florenz Ziegfeld Jr and a cinematic adaptation of Broadway's Ziegfeld Follies. It was an extremely elaborate show with the "A Pretty Girl Is Like a Melody" set alone reporting to have cost 220,000 dollars. It won 3 academy awards and was nominated for 7
The Life of Emile Zola
a 1937 American biographical film about Emile Zola, played by Paul Muni. It was directed by William Dieterle and has the distinction of being the second biographical film to win the Oscar for Best Picture. It won 3 academy awards and was nominated for 10
You Can't Take It With You
a 1938 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Capra. It is about a man from a family of rich snobs who becomes engaged to a woman from a good-natured but decidedly eccentric family. It won 2 academy awards and was nominated for 7
Gone with the Wind
a 1939 American epic historical romance film adapted from Margaret Mitchell's Pulitzer winning 1936 novel. It was directed by Victor Flemming and tells the story of Scarlett O'Hara the strong willed daughter of of Georgia plantation owner from her romantic pursuit of Ashley Wilkes who is married to his cousin, Melanie Hamilton, to her marriage to Rhett Butler. It is set against the American Civil War and Reconstruction era the story is told from the perspective of white southerners. It won 8 academy awards and was nominated for 13
The Bridge on the River Kwai
a 1957 Second World War film directed by David Lean and based on the eponymous French novel by Pierre Boulle. The film is a fictional but it borrows the story of the construction of the Burma Railway in 1942-43. It stars William Holden, Jack Hawkins, Alec Guinness and Sessue Hayakawa. It won 7 academy awards and was nominated for 8
Rebecca
a 1940 American psychological drama-thriller film Directed by Alfred Hitchcock, it was his first American project.The film was produced by Selznick and stars Laurence Oliver as the brooding aristocratic widower Maxim de Winter, Joan Fontaine as the young woman who becomes his second wife and Judith Anderson as the stern housekeeper, Mrs Danvers. We never see Maxim de Winter's first wife, Rebecca, who died before the story starts, but her reputation, and recollections about her are a constant presence to Maxim, his new young second wife, and the housekeeper Danvers. It won 2 academy awards and was nominated for 11
How Green Was My Valley
a 1941 drama film directed by John Ford. It is based on the 1939 Richard Llewellyn novel and tells of the Morgans, a close, hard working Welsh mining family living in the heart of the South Wales Valleys in the 19th century. The story chronicals the destruction of the environment and the loss of a way of life and its effects on the family. It won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 10
Casablanca
a 1942 American romantic drama and anti-Nazi film directed by Michael Curtiz.It is set during WW2 and focuses on a man torn between, the words of one character, "love and virtue". He must choose between his love for a woman and helping her Czech Resistance leader husband escape the Moroccan city of _________ to continue his fight against the Nazis. It won 3 academy awards and was up for 8
Mrs. Miniver
a 1942 American romantic war drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Greer Garson and Walter Pidgeon. It is based on the 1940 novel by Jan Struther. It shows how the life of an unassuming British Housewife in rural England is touched by WW2. She sees her eldest son go to war, finds herself confronting a German pilot who has parachuted into her idyllic village where her husband is participating in the Dunkirk evacuation, and loses her daughter-in law as a causality. It won 6 academy awards and was nominated for 12
Going My Way
a 1944 American musical comedy drama film directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Barry Fitzgerald. It is about a new young priest taking over a parish from an established old veteran. Crosby sings five songs in the film. It won 7 academy awards and was nominated for 10
The Lost Weekend
a 1945 American drama film directed by Billy Wilder. The film was based on Charles R Jackson's 1944 novel of the same title about an alcoholic writer. It won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 7
The Best Years of Our Lives
a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler. The film is about three United Stares servicemen readjusting to civilian life after coming home from WW2. It won 7 academy awards and was nominated for 8
Gentleman's Agreement
a 1947 drama film about a jounalist who goes undercover as a Jew to conduct research for an expose on antisemitism in NYC and the affluet community of Darien, Conneticut. It was directed by Elia Kazan and it won 3 academy awards and was nominated for 8
Hamlet
a 1948 British film adaptation of Shakespear's play adapted by, directed by, and starring Sir Laurence Oliver. It was the first British Film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. It won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 7
All the King's Men
a 1949 drama film with noir themed overtones set in a political setting directed by Robert Rossen. The story follows the rise of the politician Willie Stark (played by Broderick Crawford) from a rural county seat to the governor's mansion. He first teaches himself law and becomes a lawyer, championing the local people and gaining popularity. He then decides to go into politics and along the way he loses his innocence and becomes as corrupt as the politicians he once fought against. It won 3 Academy Awards and was nominated for 7
All About Eve
a 1950 American drama film written and directed by Joseph L Mankiewicz. It was based on the 1946 short story "The Wisdom of Eve" by Mary Orr. It stars Bette Davis as Margo Channing, an aging Broadway star and Anne Baxter plays Eve Harrington, a young fan who insinuates herself into Channings life and threatens Channing's career. It provided Marilyn Monroe one of her most important roles. It won 6 academy Awards and was nominated for 14
An American In Paris
a 1951 American musical film inspired by the 1928 orchestral composition by George Gershwin. It stars Gene Kelly and is set in Paris. The story is interspersed with dance numbers choreographed by Gene Kelly and set to Gershwin's music. Songs and music include, "I Got Rhythm", "I'll Build A Stairway to Paradise", "'S Wonderful", and "Our Love is Here to Stay." The climax of the film is the namesake ballet, a 16 minute ballet dance featuring Kelly and Caron set to Gershwin's namesake song. It won 6 academy Awards and was nominated for 8
The Greatest Show on Earth
a 1952 American drama film produced and directed by Cecille B Demille. It is set in the Ringling Bos and Barnum & Bailey Circus, the film stars Betty Hutton and Cornel Wilde as trapeze artists competing for the center ring and Charlton Heston as the circus manager running the show. James Stewart also stars as a mysterious clown who never removes his makeup, even between shows, while Dorothy Lamour and Gloria Grahame play supporting roles. It won 2 academy awards and was nominated for 5
From Here to Eternity
a 1953 drama film directed by Fred Zinnermann and based on the novel of the same name by James Jones. The picture deals with the tribulations of three soldiers played by Burt Lancaster, Montgomery Clift, and Frank Sinart, stationed on Hawaii in the months leading up to the Attack on Pearl Harbor. It won 8 academy awards and was nominated for 13
On the Waterfront
a 1954 American Crime drama film about union violence and corruption amongst longshoremen. The film was directed by Elia Kazana. The soundtrack score was composed by Leonard Bernstein. It won 8 academy awards and was nominated for 12
Marty
a 1955 American romantic film directed by Delbert Mann. Its about an Italian American butcher who lives in The Bronx in New York City with his mother. He is unmarried at age 34 and is goodnatured , but socially awkward as he faces constant badgering from family and friends to get married. He has practically resigned himself to bachelorhood, and in spite of his failed love life, remains optimistic and shouts out randomly phrases such as "Perfect!" and "Fantastic!" It won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 8
Rosh Hashanah
a Jewish holiday celebrating the new year in which they sound the Shofar (ram's horn trumpet), dip apples into honey, and cast their sins off into rivers. It lasts anywhere between one and two days
Gigi
a 1958 American metrocolor musical romantic comedy film directed by Vincente Minelli. A delightful 20th century ale of a rich playbpy and a youthful courtesan-in-training who enjoy and platonic friendship that transforms into a relationship. It won 9 academy awards which is the same amount it was nominated for
Ben-Hur
a 1959 American epic historical drama film directed by William Wyler. It was based on Lew Wallace's 1880 novel ______; The tale of Christ. It tells the story of a rich Jewish prince and merchant in Jerusalem at the beginning of the 1st century and at the time of Christ. It won 11 academy awards and was nominated for 12
The Apartment
a 1960 American comedy-drama film produced and directed by Billy Wilder. Calvin Clifford "Bud", played by, Jack Lemmon is a lonely office drudge at a national insurance corporation in a high-rise building in NYC. In order to climb the corporate ladder, Bud allows four company managers to take turns borrowing his Upper West Side Apt for their carious extramarital liasons, which are so noisy that his neighbors assume that he is bringing home a different woman every night. It won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 10
West Side Story
a 1961 American romantic musical drama film directed by Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins. It is an adaptation of the 1957 Broadway musical of the same name which in turn was inspired by William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. It revolves around tensions between a Caucasian gang, the Jets and a Puerto Rican gang known as the Sharks and the love story between Tony and Maria. It won 10 academy awards and was nominated for 11
Lawrence of Arabia
a 1962 British epic biographical adventure based on the life of TE Lawerence. It was directed by Sam Spiegel. It won 3 academy awards and was nominated for 10
Tom Jones
a 1963 British adventure comedy film, an adaptation of Henry Fielding's classic novel starring Albert Finney as the titular hero. The film is notable for its unusual comic style; the opening sequence is performed in the style of silent film and the characters sometimes break the fourth wall often looking directly into the camera and addressing the audience and going so far as to have the character of ___ ______ suddenly appearing to notice the camera and covering the lens with his hat. It was directed by Tony Richardson and won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 10
My Fair Lady
a 1964 American musical film and adaptation of the Lerner and Loewe stage musical of the same name based on the 1938 film adaptation of the original 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw. It was directed by George Cukor and depicts a poor Cockney flower seller Eliza Doolittl who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor, Henry Higgins as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak "proper" English thereby making her presentable in high society of Edwardian London. It won 8 academy awards and was nominated for 12
The Sound of Music
a 1965 American musical film directed and produced by Robert Wise. It stars Julie Andrews. It won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 10
A Man For All Seasons
a 1966 British film based on Robert Bolt's play of the same name about Sir Thomas More, an English lawyer, social philospher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. It was directed by Fred Zimmerman and won 6 academy awards and was nominated for 8
In the Heat of the Night
a 1967 American mystery film drama directed by Norman Jewison. It is based on John Ball's 1965 novel of the same name which tells the story of Virgil Tibbs, a black police detective from Philadelphia who becomes involved a murder investigation in a racist small town in Missippi. It won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 7
Oliver!
a 1968 British musical drama film directed by Carol Reed and based on the stage musical of the same name. The film is based off of Charles Dickens' novel Oliver Twist. The film includes several musical numbers including "Food Glorious Food", "Consider Yourself", "As Long as He Needs Me", "You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two", and "Where Is Love?" It won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 11
Midnight Cowboy
a 1969 American drama film based on the 1965 novel of the same name by James Leo Herlihy a young Texan man named Joe Buck quits his job as a dishwasher he goes to NYC and tries to be a man prostitute, he fails on a bunch adventures and at the end of the film he is shown holding his dead friend. It was directed by John Schlesinger and won 3 academy awards and was nominated for 7
Patton
a 1970 American biographical war film about the namesake US General during WW2.It stars George C Scott, Karl Malden, and Michael Bates. It was directed by Franklin J Schaffner and won 7 academy awards and was nominated for 10
The French Connection
a 1971 American dramatic thriller film directed by William Friedkin. It stars Gene Hackman The film was adapted and fictionalized by Ernest Tidyman from the fictional book by Robin Moore. It tells the story of the New York Police Department Detectives "Popeye" Doyle and Buddy "Cloudy" Russo, whose real life counterparts were Narcotics Detectives Eddie Egan and Sonny Grosso. The music score was by Don Ellis. It won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 8
The Godfather
a 1972 American crime film directed by Francis Ford Coppola it stars Marlon Brando and Al Pacino as the leaders of a fictional New York crime family, the story spans the years 1945-55, centering on the transformation of Michael Corleone from reluctant family outsider to ruthless Mafia boss while chronicilling the Corleones under the partiarch Vito. It won 3 academy awards and was nominated for 11
The Sting
a 1973 American caper film set in September 1936 involving a complicated plot by two professional grifters to con a mob boss. It was directed by George Roy Hill and won 7 academy awards and was nominated for 10
One Flew Over the Cukoo's Nest
a 1975 American drama film directed by Milos Foremen and is based on the 1962 novel by Ken Kesey. It stars Jack Nicholson as an Oregon resident named Randle Patrick "Mac" McMurphy, a recidicist criminal serving a short sentence on a prison farm for statutory rape of a 15-year-old girl and is transferred to a mental institution for evaluation. Although he does not show any efforts to hide his illness, he hopes to avoid hard labor and severe the rest of his sentence in a more relaxed hospital environment. it won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 9
Annie Hall
a 1977 American romantic comedy directed by *Woody Allen* who costars as Alvy Singer, who tries to figure out the reasons for the failure of his relationship with the film's eponymous female lead, played by Diane Keaton in a role written specifically for her. It won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 5
The Deer Hunter
a 1978 American war drama film cowritten and directed by Michael Cimino about a trio of Russian American steelworkers and their service in the Vietnam war. The film stars Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken, John Savage, John Cazale, Meryl Streep, and George Dzundza. The story takes place in Clairton, a small working class town on the Monongahela River south of Pittsburgh and then in Vietnam somewhere in the woodland and in Saigon during the Vietnam war, It won 2 academy awards and was nominated for 9
Kramer vs Kramer
a 1979 American drama film adapted by and directed by Robert Benton. The film tells the story of a married couple's divorce and its impact on everyone involved, including the couple's young son. It won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 9
Ordinary People
a 1980 American American drama film that marked the directional debut of actor Robert Redrod. The story concerns the disintergration of an upper-middle class family in Lake Forest Illinois following the death of one of their sons in a boating accident. It was directed by Robert Redford and won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 6
Chariots of Fire
a 1981 British historical drama film that tells the fact based story of two athletes in 1924 Olympics; Eric Liddell, a devout Scottish Christian runs for the glory of God and Harold Abrahams, and English Jew who runs to overcome prejudice. It was directed by Hugh Hudson and won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 7
Gandhi
a 1982 epic biographical film which dramatises the life of the title figure, the leader of India's nonviolent, non cooperative independence movement against the UKs rule of the county during the 20th century. It was directed by Richard Atenborough It won 8 academy awards and was nominated for 11
Terms of Endearment
a 1983 comedy-drama film adapted from the novel of the same name by Larry Mcurty. The film coves 30 years of the relationship between Aurora Greenway and her daughter Emma. It was directed by James L Brooks and won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 11
Amadeus
a 1984 American period drama film directed by Milos Forman and written by Peter Shaffer. It is adopted from Alexander Pushkin's play Mozart i Salieri in which the composer Antonio Salieri recognizes the genius of Wolfgang *Amadeus* Mozart but thwarts him out of pride andd envy. The story is set in Vienna Austria during the latter half of the 18th century.It won 8 academy awards and was nominated for 11
Out of Africa
a 1985 American romantic drama film directed and produced by Sydney Pollack and starring Robert Redford and Meryl Streep. The film is loosely based on the autobiography of Isak Dinesen. The story begins in 1913 in Denmark, when Karen Dinesen asks her friend Baron Bror Blixen to enter a marriage of convenience with her. Although Bror is a member of the aristocracy, he is no longer financially secure, therefore he agrees to the marriage and the two of them plan to move to Africa to begin a dairy farm. It won 7 academy awards and was nominated for 11
Platoon
a 1986 American war film written by Oliver Stone and starring Tom Berenger, Willem Dafoe, and Charlie Sheen. It is the first film of a trilogy of Vietnam War films by Stone. He wrote the film based upon his experiences as a US infantryman in Vietnam to counter the vision of the war portrayed in John Wayne's The Green Berets. It was the first Hollywood film to be written by a veteran of the Vietnam War. It was directed by Oliver Stone and won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 8
The Last Emperor
a 1987 biopic about the life of Puyi, the last Emperor of China. It was directed by Bernado Bertolucci and won 9 academy awards and was nominated for 9
Rain Man
a 1988 American film drama directed by Barry Levinson. It tells the story of an abrasive and selfish yuppie Charlie Babbitt (Tom Cruise) who discovers that his estranged father has died and bequeater all of his multimillion-dollar estate to his other son, Raymond (Dustin Hoffman) an autistic savant of whose existence Charlie was unaware. It won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 8
Driving Miss Daisy
a 1989 American comedy-drama film adapted from the Alfred Uhry play of the same name. The film was directed by Bruce Beresfrod with Morgan Freeman reprising his role as Hoke Colburn and Jessica Tandy playing Miss Daisy. The story defines Daisy and her point of view through a network of relationships and emotions by focusing on her home life, synagogue, friends, family, fears, and concerns over a 25-year period. It won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 9
Dance with Wolves
a 1990 American epic western film directed, produced by, and starring Kevin Costner. It is a film adaptation of the 1988 book of the same name by Michael Blake and tells the story of a Union Army lieutenant who travels to the American frontier to find a military post and his dealings with a group of Lakota Indians. It won 7 academy awards and was nominated for 12
The Silence of the Lambs
a 1991 American thriller film that blends elements of the crime and horror genres. It was directed by Jonathan Demme and starred Jodie Foster, Anthony Hopkins, and Scorr Glenn, the film is based on Thomas Harris' 1988 novel of the same name, his second to feature Hannibal Lecter, a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer. In the film, Clarice Starling, a young US FBI trainee seeks the advice of the imprisoned Dr Lecter to apprehend another serial killer, known only as "Buffalo Bill". It won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 7
Unforgiven
a 1992 American Western film produced and directed by Clint Eastwood. The film portrays William Munny, an aging outlaw and killer who takes on more than one job years after he had turned to farming. A dark Western that deals frankly with the uglier aspects of violence and how easily complicated truths are distorted into simplistic myths about the Old West it stars Eastwood in the lead role with Gene Hackman, Morgan Freeman, and Richard Harris. It won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 9
Shemini Atzeret (Simchat Torah)
a Jewish holiday that follows up on Sukkot, it is the completion of the cycle of the annual Torah readings. It can last up to two days and includes limited dwelling within the sukkah and dancing and rejoicing with Torah scrolls
Forrest Gump
a 1994 American epic romantic-comedy-drama film based on the novel of the same by Winston Groom. The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis and starred Tom Hanks. The story follows the life of a slow-witted naive, but good-hearted and athletically prodigious man from Alabama who witnesses, and some cases influences some of the defining events of the latter half of the 20th century. It won 6 academy awards and was nominated for 13
Braveheart
a 1995 epic historical film drama direct by and starring Mel Gibson. It's about a man named William Wallace, a 13th-century scottish warrior who lead the Scots in the First War of Scottish Independence against King Edward 1 of England. It won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 10
The English Patient
a 1996 romantic drama directed by Anthony Minghella from his own script based on a novel by Michael Ondaatje. The film's invocation of fate, romance, and tragedy unfolds in world war 2 Italy through the story of a burn victim, a once-handsome explorer whose sacrifices to save the woman he loves spell his end. It won 9 academy awards and was nominated for 12
Shakespeare in Love
a 1998 British-American drama film directed by John Madden. The film depicts an imaginary love affair involving Viola de Lesseps (Gwyneth Paltrow) and playwright William Shakespeare (Joseph Fiennes) while he was writing Romeo and Juliet. It won 7 academy awards an was nominated for 13
American Beauty
a 1999 American film drama directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball. Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham, an office worker who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenage daughter's best friend Angela. Annette Bening costars as Lester's materialistic wife, Carolyn and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter, Jane. The film has been described by academics as the satire of American middle class notions of beauty and personal satisfatction. It won 5 Academy Awards and was nominated for 8
Gladiator
a 2000 British American epic historical drama film directed by Ridley Scott starring Russell Crowe portrays the fictional character, loyal Roman soldier general Maximus Decimus, who is betrayed when the emperor Marcus Aurelius's ambitious son Commodus, murders his father and seizes the throne. Reduced to slavery, Maximus rises through the gladiatoral arena to avenge the murder of his family and his emperor. It won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 12
A Beautiful Mind
a 2001 American biographical drama film based on the life of John Nash, a Nobel Laureate in Economics, it was directed by Ron Howard. The story begins in the early years of a young prodigy named John Nash. Early in the film, Nash begins to develop paranoid schizophrenia and endures episodes while painfully watching the loss and burden his condition brings on his wife and friends. it won 4 awards and was nominated for 8
Chicago
a 2002 American Musical comedy film adapted from the satirical stage musical of the same name that explores the themes of celebrity scandal, and corruption in the Jazz age of Chicago. The film stars Catherine Zeta-Jones, Renee Zellweger, and Richard Gere. It was directed and choreographed by Rob Marshall and centers on Velma Kelly and Roxie Hart, two murderesses who find themselves in jail together awaiting trial in 1920s Chicago. Velma, a vaudevillian and Roxie, a housewife, fight for fame that keep them from the gallows.It won 6 academy awards and was nominated for 13
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
a 2003 epic fantasy film directed by Peter Jackson and based on JRR Tolkiens book series of the same name. It was the third and final installment of this series in which Sauron launches the final stages of his conquest of Middle-Earth, Gandalf The Wizard and Theoden King of Rogan help defend Gondor's capital Minas Tirith from the looming threat. It won 11 academy awards and was nominated for 11
Million Dollar Baby
a 2004 American sports drama film directed by Clint Eastwood starring Hilary Swank and Morgan Freeman. Its about who becomes a professional boxer and dies in one of her matches (according to my mom). It won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 7
Crash
a 2004 crime drama film co-written and produced by Paul Haggis. The film is about racial and social tension s in Los Angeles, California. It was inspired by a real life incident in which Haggis' car was carjacked outside a video store on Wilshire Boulevard and follows the story of several characters during two longs days in LA. It stars such people as Sandra Bullock. Don Cheadle and Matt Dillon. It won 3 academy awards and was nominated for 6
The Departed
a 2006 American crime drama film directed by Martin Scorsese. It is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong film Internal Affairs. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Matt Damon. The film takes place in Boston Irish Mob boss Francis "Frank" Costello plats Colin Sullivan as a mole within the Massachusetts State Police; the two characters are loosely based on the famous gangster Whitey Bulger and corrupt FBI agent John Connolly who grew up with Bulher. Simultaneously, the police assign undercover trooper William "Billy" Costigan to infiltrate Costello;s crew then both sides realize the situation, each man attempts to discover the other's true identity before his own cover is blown. It won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 5
No Country for Old Men
a 2007 American neoWestern thriller directed, written, and edited by Joel and Ethan Coen. The film stars Tommy Lee Jones and Javier Bardem and tells the story of an ordinary man to whom chance delivers a fortune that is not his, and the ensuing cat-and-mouse drama as the paths of three men intertwine in the desert landscape of 1980 West Texas. The film won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 8
The Hurt Locker
a 2008 American war film about a three-man Explosive Ordnance Disposal team during the Iraq War. The film was produced and directed by Kathryn Bigelow. It won 6 academy awards and was nominated for 9
Slumdog Millionaire
a 2008 British drama film directed by Danny Boyle. It is an adaptation of the novel Q & A by Indian Author Vikas Swarup. Set and filmed in India, it tells the story of Jamal Malik. a young man from the Juhu slums of Mumbai who appears on the Indian version of Who Wants to be a Millionaire? and exceeds people's expectations thereby arousing the suspicions of cheating; Jamal recounts in flashback how he knows the answer to each one linked to a key event in his life. It won 8 academy awards and was nominated for 10
Passover (Pesach)
a Jewish holiday that remembers the Exodus from Egypt, the observers avoid all leavened grain products and related foods and there are family or communal retellings of the Exodus story for 8 days
The King's Speech
a 2010 British historical directed by Tom Hopper in which Colin Firth plays King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffery Rush. The men become friends as they work together and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new King relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939. It won 4 academy awards and was nominated for 12
The Artist
a 2011 French romantic comedy drama in the style of a black-and-white silent film. It was written and directed by Michel Hazanavicius. The story takes place in Hollywood between 1927 and 1932 and focuses on the relationship o fan older silent film star and a rising young actress as silent cinema falls our of fashion and is replaced by the "talkies". It won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 10
Argo
a 2012 American political thriller film directed by Ben Affleck and starring Affleck as Mendez, a man who acted as they were a movie production and they went to Iran to free the American hostages and it is based on a true story. It won 3 academy awards and was nominated for 7
12 Years a Slave
a 2013 historical film drama and adaptation of an 1853 memoir by Solomon Northup in which a New York State-born free African American man who was kidnapped in Washington DC in 1841 is sold into slavery. Northup works on plantations in Louisiana for ___ years before being released. It was directed by Steve McQueen and starred Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael Fassbender, and Benedict Cumberbatch. It won three academy awards and was nominated for 9
Ascension of the Baha'ullah
a Baha'i holiday that commemorates the death of the founder of the Baha'i faith (May 29,1892)
Naw Ruz
a Baha'i new year and a traditional celebration in Iran adopted as a holy day
Magha Puja Day
a Buddhist holiday that commemorates an important idea in the life of the Buddha in which the four disciples traveled to join the Buddha
Mardi Gras
a Christian holiday that is celebrated on the last day before Lent and is the day to enjoy one last feast before the 40-day fast. Literally translates to "Fat Tuesday"
Ariadne
a Cretan princess, daughter of Minos and Pasiphae who loved Theseus and gave him the skein of thread that enabled him to make his way out of the labyrinth after killing the Minotaur. When Theseus left Crete, she went with him, but before they reached Greece he abandoned her at Naxos. There the god Dionysus consoled her and they eventually wed
Holi
a Hindu Festival celbrated on the day after the full moon on the Hindu month of Phalguna. It is full of color and celebrates spring and other various events in Hindu history, it is a time of disregarding rules and social norms and indulging in general merrymaking
Diwali
a Hindu Festival of lights that usually lasts 5 days it celebrates the goddess of wealth, Lakshmi, it may also be in commemoration of other deities depending on where in the world you are celebrating. In Bengal, it is the goddess Kali, and in Northern Italy it is Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, and Hanuman. Throughout the festival, rows of earthenware lamps are filled with oil and are lighted and placed in rows along the tops of temples and houses
Navaratri
a Hindu festival of Shakti (in Bengal) or Rama's victory of Ravana (south India) (September-October)
Mahashivaratri
a Hindu festival that is known as the Great Festival of Shiva, it is held on the dark half of the lunar month of Phalguna. It is especially important to Saivites (devotees of Shiva), but is celebrated by most Hindus
Kumbh Mela
a Hindu pilgrimage every 12 years to four cites (July-August; last one in 2003)
Dussehra
a Hindu sacred day to celebrate the victory of Rama over the Demon king Ravana (September-October)
Shemini Atzeret
a Jewish Holiday known as Atzereth, it is known as a fall festival and includes a memorial service for the dead and features prayers for rain in Isreal. Jews light a Yahrzeit memorial candle at sundown (the eighth night of Sukkot)
Yom Kippur
a Jewish holiday and the day of atonement, in which they fast, pray and repent for 25 hours.
Purim
a Jewish holiday that remembers the defeat of a plot to exterminate the Jews. There is a public reading of the book of Esther while "blotting out" the villian's name. It lasts one day and observers hold costume parties, drink, and eat fruit-filled triangular cookies
Shavu'ot
a Jewish holiday that remembers the giving of the Torah, observers study the Torah for two days and eat only some dairy foods
Tisha B'Av
a Jewish holiday that remembers the major communal tragedies by having observers to fast, and read the book of lamentations for 25 hours. The Torah is put in a cabinet and is draped in black
(C)hanukkah
a Jewish holiday that remembers the rededication of the Temple after it was defiled by the Greeks. They light a candle on the Menorah once every day for 8 days and usually eat fried foods and play with a dreidel (spinning top)
Sisyphus
a King of Thessaly who tried to cheat death. He was sentenced to an eternity of rolling a big round rock up a hill, only to watch it roll back down again
Samhain
a Pagan, Druid, Wiccan holiday one of the four "greater Sabbats" and is considered as the Wiccan new year
Imbolc (Candlemas)
a Pagan, Wiccan, and Druid holiday that is referred to as the Feast of Pan, Feast of Torches, Feast of Waxing lights, and Oimele. It celebrates the coming of spring and recovery of the Earth Goddess after giving birth to the Sun God at Yule
Mabon (Autumnal Equinox)
a Pagan, Wiccan, or Druid holiday that is referred to as Harvest Home, the Feast of the the Ingathering and is the ritual thanksgiving for the fruits of the Earth, and a recognition of the need to share the blessings of the harvest and also to secure the blessings of the Goddess and the God during the winter months
Gantan-sai
a Shinto holiday that is the annual New Year festival of the Shinto religion
Vaisakhi
a Sikh new year festival that commemorates 1969, or the year Sikhism was founded
Waltz
a ballroom dance in 3/4 time
Existentialism
a broad philosophical movement postulating that individual human beings create the meaning and essence of their lives as persons. Human beings are to make their own choices in life and find their own meaning, with or without God. Kierkegaard is a known philosopher of this school
Reformation Day
a christian Holiday that commemorates the Protestant Reformation
Christmas
a christian holiday on December 25 to celebrate the birth of Jesus
Easter
a christian holiday that celebrates the Resurrection of Christ, it is known as the oldest christian holiday and the most important day in the christian church
Madrigal
a contrapuntal vocal composition of the 15th, 16th, or 17th centuries with secular words
Hallowmas
a christian holiday that covers three specific dates. That of Halloween on October 31st, All Saints day on November 1st, and All Soul's day on November 2nd
Boxing Day
a christian holiday that in usually celebrated in Great Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, it is traditionally when poor and servants are given gifts
Lent
a christian holiday that is a 40 day period of fasting and repentance in preparation for Easter
Assumption day
a christian holiday that is celebrated in Roman Catholic churches to celebrate Mary's transfer into Heaven
Epiphany
a christian holiday that is celebrated with a feast to recall the visit of the Magi, symbolizing Christ's manifestation to gentiles
Good Friday
a christian holiday that is in remembrance of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ
Palm Sunday
a christian holiday that is the sixth Sunday of Lent and the last Sunday before Easter. It commemorates the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem
Ash Wednsday
a christian holiday, the first day of lent in which ashes are placed on the forehead
Rondo
a composition characterized by the initial statement and periodic restatement of a particular melody, the various appearances of which are separated by contrasting material; most follow either the five-part abaca or seven-part abacaba plan
Fugue
a composition characterized by the systematic imitation of one main theme in simultaneously sounding melodic lines, which make up its texture; various "voices" "answer" the initial theme "exposition"
Sonata
a composition characterized by three or four movements, usually contrasting in rhythm and mood but related in tonality; various forms have been used throughout history, but one of the most common,used by Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven, has three movements of the pattern fast - slow - fast; some feature a single keyboard instrument but some involve several instruments equally
Quartet
a composition in sonata form for four performers
Oratorio
a composition similar to an opera but founded on a Biblical theme and usually given without action or scenery
Etude
a composition written intended for training or testing the performer's technical school
ABA
a compositional form of dance in which the dancers perform one movement phrase or theme follower by a different movement phrase or theme followed then by a repetition of the first movement phrase or theme
Call and Response
a compostional form of dance in which a caller verbally directs the actions to be performed and the dancers respond by doing the action, or the music calls out and dancers react or a voice calls out and voices respond or dancers initiate and music responds. Often associated with African music and dance but also used elsewhere
Foxtrot
a dance in 4/4 time
Phenomenology
a descriptive study of a set of phemomena. Philosophers-- Husserl, Merleua-Ponty, Satre, Heidggger
Nietzsche
a famous German philosopher known for his critical texts on religion, contemporary culture, philosophy and science. known for ideas like death of God, perspectivism, the Ubermensch, the eternal recurrance, and the will to power held the Chair of Classical Philology at the Universtiy of Basel at 24 works criticized for being anti-christian Works are Thus Spoke Zarathustra which was given to German soldiers to motivate them Father of Nihilism- belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated
Black Box (Theatre)
a flexible theatre usually without character or embellishment- a "void" space that may be indeed be black, but isn't always. Usually, the audience seating is on the main floor, with no audience galleries, through a technical gallery may be provided (ex: Flanagan Studio Theatre, Kogod Theatre, and Regis Philbin Studio Theatre)
Studio (Theatre)
a flexible theatre with one or more audience galleries on three or four sides of a rectangular room. The main floor can usually be reconfigured into arena, thrust, endtage, and flat floor configurations. The room usually has some architectural order (ex:Lee Theatre)
Wicca
a form of neo-pagan worship in which adherents claim to be witches (males were called warlocks but now prefer the term witch) with a creed of "if you want to do it and it doesn't hurt anyone, do it." They do not believe in Satan, since they would not use this Biblical term. However, they claim to have a relationship with their powerful spiritual leader. Sexual practices and drug use are common in their covens (churches). This is an extremely popular movement among teens.
Environmental (Theatre)
a found space in which the architecture of space is intristic to the performance, or a theatre space that is transformed into a complete environment for the perfomance. The audience space and performance space are sometimes intermingle, and the action may be single focus or mulitple-focus. (ex: Mystery productions at Cottesloe Theatre)
Rhapsody
a free type of composition often based on folk songs or other national music
Flexible (Theatre)
a generic term inwhich the playing space and audience seating can be configured as desired for each production. Often, the theatre can be configured into the arena, thrust, and end stage forms as described above. Environmental, promenade, black box, and studio aare other terms for this type of space, suggesting particular features or qualiites
operetta
a genre of light opera in terms of both music and subject matter
Suite
a group of self-contained instrumental movements of varying character, usually in the same key; historically, many suites are of dance music
Sukkot
a jewish holiday that remembers the wandering in the dessert and it is also a harvest festival. They may build and dwell in a booth waving branches and a fruit during services for 7 days
Symphony
a lengthy form of musical composition for orchestra, usually consisting of several large sections, or movements, at least one of which probably employs sonata form; many variations of form used throughout history
Operetta
a lighter form of opera in which much of the action is expressed by spoken words
un poco
a little bit
larghetto
a little faster than largo
Gullinbursti
a living boar with golden hair that could run better than any horse in water or air, created by the Dwarves Brokkr and Sindri
Opera
a major form of musical drama with voice and orchestral accompaniment
Sonata Form
a musical form generally used for the first (allegro) movement of many types of compositions; it consists of three parts: an exposition, in which two or more themes are stated, a development, in which one or both themes are elaborated and developed, and a recapitulation, in which both themes are again given in their original form and followed by a concluding coda
Scientology
a new religion founded by L. Ron Hubbard in 1955 and characterized by a belief in the power of a person's spirit to clear itself of past painful experiences through self-knowledge and spiritual fulfillment
Ba-ta-clan
a one act 1855 operetta by Jacques Offenbach. It was a witty piece that satirised everything from contemporary politics to grand opera conventions. Its about chinese conspirators who plan to overthrow the emperor
Romanticism
a philosophical school that emphasized the self, creativity, imagination and the value of art
Nihilism
a philosophical view that life is without objective meaning, purpose, value or truth. They reject belief in a higher creator and claim that objective secular ethics are impossible. To them, life is literally "pointless". Many artistic movements have been associated with nihilism, such as dadaism, futurism and surrealism.
Epicureanism
a philosophy based on the teachings of a Greek philosopher (the namesake philosopher) , closely associated with hedonism. He was skeptical of superstition and divinity, and proposed that the sole meaning of existence was self-pleasure, or more accurately, the absence of pain and fear, and fear, the combination of which would lead to happiness in its highest form.
Absurdism
a philosophy stating that the efforts of humanity to find the meaning in the universe will ultimately fail because no such meaning exists, at least in relation to humanity. Kierkegaard wrote extensively on it in the mid 19th century, but the philosophy is most associated with Albert Camus and his novels The Stranger and The Myth of Sisyphus
Positivism
a philosophy that states that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge and that such a knowledge can only come from positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific method. It was theorized by August Comte in the mid 19th century and developed a modern philosophy favored by scientists and technocrats. A great philosopher Thomas H Huxley
Screwball
a principally American genre of comedy film that became popular during the Great Depression, originating in the early 1930s and thriving until the early 1940s, similar to farce in the sense that it deals with unlikely situations and responses to those situations;
capriccio
a quick, improvisational, spirited piece of music
Post-modern Theatre
a reaction against modern theatre, this type of theatre productions are centered around highlighting the fallibility of definite truth instead of encouraging the audience to reach their own individual understanding
Symphonic Poem
a relatively elaborate work in one movement, of descriptive character
Melody
a rhythmic succession of single tones in a musical composition organized as an aesthetic whole that is musically satisfying
Rama Navami
a sacred day in the Hindu faith known as the birthday of Lord Rama (April)
Raksabandhana
a sacred day in the Hindu faith known as the renewing of bonds between brothers and sisters (July-August)
Krishna Jayanti
a sacred day in the Hindu faith that is know as the birthday of the Lord Krishna (July-August)
Recital Hall
a space designed for soloists and small ensembles with a seat count typically in the range of 150 to 800 (ex Legacy Hall and Dewan Filhamonik Petronas Concert Hall)
Polka
a sprightly dance in 2/4 time; originated in Bohemia
Rhythm
a systematic arrangement of musical sounds, principally according to duration and periodic stress
Modernism
a term for the bold new experimental styles and forms that swept the arts during the first third of the twentieth century.
Arena
a theatre in which the audience completely surrounds the stage or playing area. Actor entrances to the playing area are provided through vomitoires or gaps in the seating arrangement (ex: Bingham and Royal Exchange theatres)
Promenade (theatre)
a theatre without fixed seating in the main part of the auditorium-this allows the standing audience to intermingle with the performance and to follow the focal point of the action to different parts of the room. Multiple-focus action and moving audience are the primary characteristics of this type of theatre (ex: De La Guarda and Fuerzabruta productions at the Daryl Roth Theatre)
Thrust
a theatrein whih the stage is extended so that the audience surrounds it on three sides. It may be backed by an enclosed proscenium stage, providing a place for background scenery, but audience views into the proscenium are usually limited. Actor entrances are usually provided through the front of the thrust through vomitories or gaps in the seating (ex: Chicago Shakespeare Theatre and The Playhouse)
Fantasia
a type of composition in which the composer lets imagination prevail over the rules of a set musical form
AB
a type of compositional dance form that is one movement or theme followed by a different movement, phrase, or theme
Day of Arafat
an Islamic Holiday in which the muslims on the voyage of Hajj gather at the Plain of Arafat to seek God's mercy and Muslims elsewhere fast for the day
Eid al-Fitr
an Islamic Holiday which is celebrated at the end of Ramadan, Muslims celebrate "The Festival of Fast-Breaking"
Eid al-Adha
an Islamic holiday at the end of the annual pilgrimage in which Muslims celebrate "The Festival of Sacrifice"
Laylat al-Qadr
an Islamic holiday that is celebrated towards the end of Ramadan in which muslims observe the "Night of Power" which is when the first verses of the Quran were revealed to Muhammad
Secular Humanism
an atheistic philosophy that upholds reason, ethics, and justice as the principles of life. It says that the meaning of life is to be found purely in human terms and rejects the concept of a supernatural creator. Thinkers associated with this include Nietzsche, Russell, and Dawkins
Political Theatre
an attempt to rethink the nature of the function of theatre in the light of the dynamics of the society outside of it and audience involvement within it; Theatre in which playwrights, directors, and actors express their personal opinions about current issues.
encore
an extra or repeated performance
Prelude
an introduction to prepare for succeeding parts of a composition
Overture
an introductory part to an opera or other musical work
ad libitum
at liberty; the speed and manner of execution are left to the performer
tacet
be silent
saltando
bouncing the bow off the strings repeatedly
(St) Valentines Day
celebrated by Christians February 14th in honor of the name sake saint who was martyred on the same date in 270 AD. The saint used to marry Christian couples outside the city of Rome and was beheaded by Claudius II.
St Patrick's Day
celebrated by Christians on March 17th to honor the namesake saint who once had a dream from God and spread it thoughout to the people of Ireland. The day is usually celebrated with alot of green and beer, but it does actually honor a real person
comodo
comfortable
Popular Theatre
consisted of simple comedies and dramas for the common people performed on streets, makeshift theatres, temporary structures, area, courtyards
Post-minimalism
contemporary style combining lush harmonies of New Romanticism with high-energy rhythms of minimalism; John Adams is a major exponent
Audhumbla
cow that emerged as the ice continued to melt from the meeting of Muspelheim and Nifleheim. She would nourish Ymir with her milk and gain nourishment from licking the ice
Alla Breve
cut time
Round Character
depicted with such psychological depth and detail that he or she seems like a "real" person. It contrasts with a flat character.
Empiricism
doctirine that all knowledge comes from experience- philosophers; hume and locke
idealism
doctrine that denies the existence of the outside world and reduces it to representations of subjectivity-philosophers: Plato, Kant, Hegel, Fichte
Neoclassicism
draw inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome musicians included composers such as Igor Stravinsky, Paul Hindemith, Sergei Prokofiev, and Béla Bartók
niente
dying away to nothing
espressivo
expressively
rapido
fast
Bor
father of Odin, Vili, and Ve son of Buri Husband to Bestla
Hyperion
father of sun, moon and dawn
Ask
first man, lived in midgaurd
Embla
first woman, lived in midgaurd
Timothy Drew
founder of Black Muslims
Buddha (Sidartha Gautama)
founder of Buddhism
libero
freely played music
demeter
god of cornfield, mistress of planting, and harvesting, lady of growing things Mother of Persephone
pan
god of health
eros
god of love and friendship Son of Aphrodite
asclepius
god of medicine
Dionysus
god of the vine and wine Youngest son of Zeus with Semele (a mortal)
aeolus
god of the winds
hebe
god of youth; cupbearer to the gods
persephone
goddess of death and spring kidnapped by Hades to live in the uderworld (reason for the seasons)
ganymede
hebe's successor as cupbearer to the gods
Hector
hero of the Trojan War and champion of the Trojans
altissimo
highest
Debussy
impressionist composer known for prelude to the afternoon of a faun. He had an interest in the effects of fluidity, intangibility, and impermanence, and he wrote Clair de Lune
in modo di
in the art of
alla marcia
in the style of a march
Asian Pop
includin Korean and Japanese, it is a highly techno styled music where repetitive beats and songs are played throughout, with a simple melody that repeats at high speeds, often associated with anime
Around the World in 80 Days
is a 1956 Technicolor adventure comedy film directed by Michael Anderson based around the classic novel by Jules Verne. Its about two men's adventure and if I give a plot summary, it would give away the title. It won 5 academy awards and was nominated for 8
Anachism
is a political philosophy that advocates stateless societies often defined as self-governed voluntary institutions, but that several authors have defined as more specific institutions based on non-hierarchical free associations.
Libertanianism
is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as its principal objective.
Stoicism
is both a theory of the universe and morality and wisdom is defined as knowledge of the Cosmos- philosophers; Cicero, Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius, Seneca, Sextus Empiricus, Zeno
arisaeus
keeper of bees; son of apollo and water nymph Cyrene
Midas
king with a golden touch
Thrust (and Open Stage)
known by alot of larger drama theatres- stage with the audience surounding three sides of the performance platform. (ex: Tyrone Guthie's and The Olivier Theatre)
Bunraku
literally meaning *big puppets* this used giant manqeuins to tell stories
poco a poco
little by little
amore
love sonnet or song
Neoclassicism
marked by emotional restraint, balance, and clarity; compositions use musical forms and stylistic features of early periods, particularly of the eighteenth century. It was against romanticism and impressionism.
mezzo
medium soft
Minotaur
monster which lived in a labyrinth on the island of Crete and required the people of Athens to send fourteen young people for it to eat alive. The monster was killed by Theseus
tessitura
most widely used range of pitches in a piece of music
Electronic art
music that employs electronic musical instruments and electronic music technology in its production ex: Daft Punk, Deadmau5, Skrillex
Program Music
music that is descriptive or tells a story
Andromeda
name of princess saved by Perseus from being eaten by a sea monster
Shoebox Concert Hall
named after the rectangular shape and approximate proportions of a tennis-shoe box. This form has high volume, limited width, and multiple audience levels, usually with relatively narrowside seating ledges (ex: Muskiverenisaal and Concertgebouw)
ponticello
near the bridge
Acoustic
not electric, raw sound
non troppo
not too much
Objectivism
philosophy developed by Ayn Rand in the 20th century that encompasses positions on metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, and aesthetics. It holds that there is mind-independent reality and that individual persons are in contact with this reality through sensory perception by measurement and form valid concepts based on such perceptions. It claims that the meaning of life is the pursuit of one's own happiness or "rational self-interest". Philosopher Ayn Rand is associated with this movement
Adagio
play slowly
A cappella
playing without instrumental accompaniment
Okami
popular video game based on the religion of Shinto
recreational
purpose of dance that is a way of refreshing the mind or the body such as folk or social
ceremonial
purpose of dance that is of or relating to a ceremony like a celebration, initiation, hunting, or religious dance
artistic
purpose of dance that is the characteristic of art or artist showing skill and imagination, for an audience, expresses thoughts or feelings examples are ballet jazz
Adagietto
rather slow, but faster than adagio
Flat Character
relatively simple minor characters. They tend to be presented though particular and limited traits; hence they become stereotypes. For example, the selfish son, the pure woman, the lazy child, the dumb blonde, etc. These characters do not change in the course of a play
(Agnes) DeMille
revolutionized the way in which dances were staged for musical theatre with her interpretive dances for Oklahoma! Created the first American ballet "Rodeo"
Oceanus
river that encircled the world
Cronus
ruled the other titans until son, Zeus dethroned him
Asphodel Fields
section of the underworld in which spirits go to roam like shadows
Elysian Fields
section of the underworld where heroes go- paradise
Tartarus
section of the underworld; a place of pain and suffering
legato
smooth and connected
achilles
strongest and most fearless warrior in the Greek war against the Trojans. His mother dipped him in the river styx as a baby which left him vulnerable everywhere but the heel. For ten years, he was a great Trojan war hero, but in the end Paris, son of the Trojan king, fatally wounded Achilles in the heel. He now has a tendon names after him
syncopation
temporary irregularity in musical rhythm
Argonauts
the 50 heroes who sailed in search of the Golden Fleece
Charon
the boatman who would ferry people/ spirits across the river Styx so they could make it to the Underworld. He wanted to get a tip. so people were buried with coins on their eyes so they could pay him
harmony
the combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes to create chords and chord progressions having a pleasing effect
Force
the component of dance that is the use of energy while moving
Utilitarianism
the ethical doctrine that moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility.It was first theorized by Jeremy Bentham who declared that good was whatever brought the greatest happiness to the greatest amount of people.It is mostly associated with John Stuart Mill and his book
Hrungir
the giant god who once had a duel with Thor that ended in Thor having a Whetstone lodged into his eyebrow
Solipsism
the idea that one can only know that ones self exists and that anything outside the mind, such as external word, can not be known to exist. They focus on subjective reality, or the idea that what is perceived to be known true for one person, may not be true for another. It was first theorized by Greek pre-Socratic philosopher Gorgias and expounded upon by philosophers such as Plato and Descartes
Pygmalion
the king who fell in love with an ivory statue, named Galatea.
bass
the low sound or the clef below treble
Vesak
the major Buddhist festival of the year as it celebrates the birth, enlightenment and death of the Buddha on the one day, the first full moon day in May
Paul Lincke
the man who pioneered the Berlin operetta in 1899 with Frau Luna.
Ballet
the music for a dance performed by one or more persons, whose movements are descriptive of an idea or emotion
form
the overall structure of plan of a piece of music, and it describes the layout of a composition as divided into sections
bridge
the part in music that connects verses
Determinism
the philosophical theory that every event, including human cognition and behavior, decision and action, is determined by unbroken chain of prior occurrences. The most famous philosopher for it was Albert Einstein
Pitch
the quality of a sound governed by the rate of vibrations producing it; the degree of highness or lowness of a tone
Paris
the son of the Trojan King who fatally injured Achille's heel
leap (interval)
the space between two notes
Proscenium (Theatre)
the stage is located at one end of the auditorium and is physically separated from the audience space by a proscenium wall. THIS IS sometimes called a "two box" arrangement- the auditorium and stage occupy two seperate "boxes" or rooms. The stage box provides fly space and wings and permits a wide variety of scenic and lighting effects. The auditorium box is the audience chamber, which may take many forms- fan-shaped, courtyard, lyric, etc (ex: Albart Ivar Theatre and Royal Court Theatre)
Astraeus
the titan god of the Dusk, and the father of the Winds. He married Eos, goddess of the dawn, and produced many children associated with twilight.
Pandora
the woman whose curiosity brought evil to makind
End Stage
theatre in which the audience seating and stage occupy the same architectural space, with the stage at one end and the audience seated in front facing the stage (ex: The New School for Drama, Playwrights Horizons, Studio Theatre)
Rationalism
theory which states that the human mind has principles or a priori knowledge, independent of experience- philosophers: Descartes and Leibnez
Structuralism
there are structures for all social activities, to explain them. We must therefore go beyond the empirical facts. philosophers: Levi-Strauss
Courtyard (Theatre)
this term embraces a range of theatre forms all with the common characteristic of at least one raised seating gallery surrounding a central arena. (ex: Cottesloe Theatre and National Theatre and Hall Two at the stage)
Realistic theatre
this was influenced by the ideeas of Sigmund Freud and others who emphasized the inner dimensions of the character onstage. It did not begin with him, but Constatine Stanislavski (founder of Moscow Art Theatre, An Actors Work, and My Life In Art) is certainly the most influential propent of this approach to theatre that follows the predictable logic of everyday life: the law of gravity, the time it tales a person to travel from one place to another, the way a room in a house looks, the way a person dresses
themis
titan of justice
Atlas
titan who carried the world of his shoulders
Sikhara
towering roof of the inner shrine
castor and pollux
twins and gods of boxing, wrestling, equestrian, sports, sons of Dionysus.
Pelias
uncle of Jason who stole Jason's kingdom and promised only to return it if Jason brought him the golden fleece
largo
very slow
Stravinsky
was a legendary figure and was regarded as the world's greatest composer. Known for controvorsial, primitive rite of Spring
Ravel
was a master of orchestral and pianistic tone color. He does not fit into any stylistic category. He was french but interested Spanish music. Known for Bolero.
(Lee) Strasberg
who developed method acting: which trains actors to draw upon their own emotions and memories to convincingly play a part?
(Anton) Artaud
who developed the Theatre of Cruelty, which was a plan to force the audience to shed their illusions?
(Jerzy) Grotowsky
who introduced the concept of the "poor theatre"?
(Samuel) Beckett
who introduced the concept of the theatre of the absurd: in a modern world without meaning or purpose, a plays dialogue, plot and characters give up threads of "logic" or "message"?
Tethys
wife of ocean
afretto
with affect (emotion)
En Dedans
À terre From back to front, passing each time through first position of the feet. Inward. A circular movement of the gesture limb from the back to the front (as in ronde de jambe), or a turn done toward the stance limb.
En Dehors
À terre where the pointed toe of a stretched working leg traces a circular pattern, from the front of the body to the back. Outward. A circular movement of the gesture limb from front to back, or a turn which moves away from the stance limb.