APUSH 100 Sample Questions
The direct impact of the Civil War on the economy included all of the following EXCEPT (A) the emergence of the trust as a form of business organization (B) the initiation of transcontinental railroad building (C) runaway inflation in the South (D) the creation of a more uniform national banking system (E) disruption of cotton exports to England.
(A) the emergence of the trust as a form of business organization
Which of the following resulted from the policies of the Andrew Jackson administration? (A) A central bank was established. (B) The value of paper currency issued by individual banks became uniform. (C) The number of banks, each issuing its own paper currency, increased. (D) A nationwide banking system was begun. (E) Federal fiscal activities became linked to a system of federal banks.
(A) A central bank was established.
American participation in the Second World War had which of the following major effects on the home front? (A) A movement of women into factory work (B) The breakdown of racial segregation in the South (C) The growth of isolationism in the Midwest (D) The introduction of a system of national health insurance (E) A decline in farm income.
(A) A movement of women into factory work
Which of the following describes "the Lowell system" in early nineteenth-century New England? (A) A plan to promote and expand textile manufacturing activities (B) An agreement among the New England states to secede and form a New England confederacy (C) A reform eliminating property-holding as a qualification for voting (D) A strategy to defend New England during the War of 1812 (E) A congressional reapportionment plan during the 1820's.
(A) A plan to promote and expand textile manufacturing activities
In 1787-1789, which of the following groups was most likely to oppose ratification of the Constitution? (A) Farmers in isolated areas (B) Export merchants (C) Former officers in the Continental Army (D) Southern planters (E) Urban artisans.
(A) Farmers in isolated areas
Despite its isolationist position in the 1920's, the United States government actively intervened throughout the decade in which of the following areas of European affairs? (A) International finance and reparations (B) Collective security against communism (C) Human rights (D) Resistance to fascism (E) Development of international cartels.
(A) International finance and reparations
Which of the following statements about the emergence of rock and roll music as a part of 1950's popular culture in the United States is true? (A) It relied heavily on Black musical traditions. (B) It adapted many of the big band tunes of the 1940's. (C) It was a spin-off from British popular music of the time. (D) It was the first popular music broadcast nation- ally on radio. (E) It had little appeal in the South and West.
(A) It relied heavily on Black musical traditions.
Which of the following was true of the Continental Congress in its drafting of the Articles of Confederation? (A) It was cautious about giving the new government powers it had just denied Parliament. (B) It gave Congress the exclusive right to issue currency. (C) It gave the national court system the power to review both national and state law. (D) It gave Congress control of interstate commerce. (E) It rejected the arguments of men like Samuel Adams and Richard Henry Lee who feared strong governments.
(A) It was cautious about giving the new government powers it had just denied Parliament.
The creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 did which of the following? (A) Made currency and credit more elastic. (B) Established a floating exchange rate for the dollar. (C) Insured bank deposits. (D) Gave Congress the authority to set interest rates. (E) Instituted controls on stock market transactions.
(A) Made currency and credit more elastic
Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of the Founding Fathers toward political parties? (A) Parties are vehicles of ambition and selfish interest that threaten the existence of republican government. (B) Parties are engines of democracy that provide citizens with a voice in government. (C) Parties are necessary evils in any republic. (D) In a large republic, parties are the best means of creating effective coalitions of interest groups. (E) A two-party system is essential to a stable republic.
(A) Parties are vehicles of ambition and selfish interest that threaten the existence of republican government.
The Halfway Covenant provided for which of the following? (A) The baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans (B) The granting of suffrage to non church members (C) The expansion of women's power within the Congregational church (D) The granting of full membership in the Congregational church to all New Englanders (E) The posting of banns by engaged couples.
(A) The baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans
Which of the following was true of the settlement- house workers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? (A) They included large numbers of middle-class, college-educated women. (B) They devised programs that departed radically from those of English settlement houses. (C) They established settlement houses in middle- class environments. (D) They avoided political involvement. (E) They endeavored to suppress immigrant culture.
(A) They included large numbers of middle-class, college-educated women.
During the decade of the 1960's, young people, Black people, American Indians, Hispanic Americans, and women were among the groups protesting various aspects of American society. All of the following were protested against by one or more of these groups EXCEPT the (A) excessive cost of the social security system (B) United States involvement in the Vietnam War (C) marginal economic status of non-Whites (D) exclusion of women from the mainstream of American life (E) increasing bureaucratization and impersonality of American institutions.
(A) excessive cost of the social security system
"Now, a word about the whole Bible. I believe it is a master stroke of Satan to get us to doubt any portion of the Bible. If he can get us to doubt just one thing in that book, he has accomplished a great point, and it is going to be the overthrow of many a man's and woman's faith." The passage above, from the nineteenth century, expresses the viewpoint of the proponents of (A) fundamentalism (B) deism (C) the higher criticism (D) the Social Gospel (E) the Gospel of Wealth.
(A) fundamentalism
The drawing above has been cited as evidence of the nineteenth-century middle-class view of the (A) home as a refuge from the world rather than as a productive unit (B) declining influence of women in the family structure (C) economic value of children to families (D) importance of religious education (E) widening role of women in society.
(A) home as a refuge from the world rather than as a productive unit
The primary function of the war boards during the First World War was to (A) increase cooperation among business, labor, and government (B) encourage the breakup of monopolies (C) nationalize the banking industry (D) limit the influence of social scientists on government policy (E) minimize the tax burden on the lower classes.
(A) increase cooperation among business, labor, and government
In addition to the cotton gin, Eli Whitney's major contribution to American technology was his (A) introduction of interchangeable parts (B) development of the first practical locomotive (C) invention of the mechanical reaper (D) installation of the first textile mill (E) development of steam power.
(A) introduction of interchangeable parts
Colonial cities functioned primarily as (A) mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods (B) places where most poor immigrants settled and worked as independent artisans (C) centers where large scale financial and banking operations were conducted (D) places to which wage earners commuted from numerous surrounding communities (E) centers of light manufacturing.
(A) mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods
Of the following, the most threatening problem to the Union from 1861 through 1863 was (A) possible British recognition of the Confederacy (B) Spanish intervention in Santo Domingo (C) French objections to the Union blockade (D) British insistence on the abolition of slavery (E) British objections to the Union position on "continuous voyage."
(A) possible British recognition of the Confederacy
The New Deal attempted to revive the farm economy during the 1930's by (A) reducing the amount of land under cultivation (B) opening up more federal land for homesteads (C) making cash payments to encourage more production (D) increasing tariffs to eliminate foreign competition (E) selling surplus farm commodities abroad.
(A) reducing the amount of land under cultivation
The Palmer Raids of 1919 were conducted against (A) suspected communists and anarchists (B) Republicans bitterly opposed to the Wilson administration (C) alleged financial backers of Marcus Garvey (D) labor organizers for the American Federation of Labor (E) White racist organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan.
(A) suspected communists and anarchists
According to Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America, American individualism arose as a result of (A) the absence of an aristocracy (B) limited geographic mobility (C) the uneven distribution of wealth (D) urbanization (E) the Enlightenment.
(A) the absence of an aristocracy
Japanese-Americans living on the west coast of the United States in early 1942 were sent to internment camps on the alleged grounds that they (A) were a potential threat to the security of the United States (B) refused to take a loyalty oath (C) wished to return to Japan in great numbers (D) were instrumental in arranging the attack on Pearl Harbor (E) worked with German and Italian groups to weaken American resolve.
(A) were a potential threat to the security of the United States
Which of the following best characterizes the goals of Martin Luther King, Jr.? (A) A peaceful separation of Black people into powerful economic and political groups (B) A peaceful integration of the races in all areas of society (C) Federal compensation to Black people for past political and legal injustices (D) A church-centered Black community removed from the oppression of White people (E) Constant and, if necessary, violent political and social action to achieve long-sought justice.
(B) A peaceful integration of the races in all areas of society
Which of the following was the most persistent problem facing municipalities in the United States throughout the last quarter of the nineteenth century? (A) Decreasing municipal tax bases (B) Inadequate water and sewer systems (C) Deteriorating transportation systems (D) A decline in the number of manufacturing jobs (E) Gang violence among unemployed youths.
(B) Inadequate water and sewer systems
The system of indentured labor used during the Colonial period had which of the following effects? (A) It enabled England to deport most criminals. (B) It enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America. (C) It delayed the establishment of slavery in the South until about 1750. (D) It facilitated the cultivation of cotton in the South. (E) It instituted social equality.
(B) It enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America
Which of the following best describes the policy of the government of Mexico toward Texas? (A) It tried to sell Texas to the United States at the time of the Louisiana Purchase. (B) It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820's and early 1830's. (C) It governed Texas with stringent regulations in the 1820's. (D) It encouraged the establishment of a strong local government in Texas in the mid-1830's. (E) It favored the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the United States in the 1830's and early 1840's.
(B) It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820's and early 1830's.
Which of the following statements about the Dred Scott decision is correct? (A) It recognized the power of Congress to prohibit slavery in the territories, but refused on technical grounds to free Scott. (B) It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States. (C) It upheld the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise. (D) It upheld the principle of popular sovereignty. (E) It freed Scott, but not other slaves in circumstances similar to Scott's.
(B) It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States.
The argument between Great Britain and its American colonies during the 1760's and 1770's over "virtual representation" concerned (A) patterns of legislative apportionment in the colonial assemblies (B) Parliament's ability to reflect colonial interests (C) the lack of colonial participation in negotiating the Treaty of Paris (D) the increasing use of juryless admiralty courts in the colonies (E) the representation of "free men of color" in colonial assemblies.
(B) Parliament's ability to reflect colonial interests
The theme of individualism is most evident in the writings of (A) Jonathan Edwards (B) Ralph Waldo Emerson (C) George Fitzhugh (D) Washington Irving (E) Nathaniel Hawthorne.
(B) Ralph Waldo Emerson
Which of the following best accounts for the curve on the graph above depicting immigration to the United States from Asia, Africa, and the Americas between 1882 and 1900 ? (A) Rapid expansion of the British Empire into the Southern Hemisphere (B) Restrictive congressional legislation (C) Immigration to less-settled areas of the world (D) Improved worldwide economic conditions (E) Reduction of potential immigrant populations by widespread epidemics.
(B) Restrictive congressional legislation
Which of the following was Great Britain's justification for its continued occupation of a number of posts on United States soil despite the terms of the 1783 Treaty of Paris? (A) The United States lacked the military capability to maintain the posts. (B) The United States had violated the treaty clauses dealing with the restoration of Loyalist property. (C) Great Britain needed a buffer zone between the United States and Canada. (D) Great Britain's understanding with both France and Spain permitted the British to stay. (E) Great Britain had promised its ally, Tecumseh, that it would establish a state for his people in the region.
(B) The United States had violated the treaty clauses dealing with the restoration of Loyalist property
Which of the following raised the most serious doubts about the effectiveness of Keynesian economics? (A) The energy crisis of the 1970's (B) The combination of recession and high inflation in the 1970's (C) The growing power of massive corporations and conglomerates in the 1970's and 1980's (D) The entry of the "baby boomers" into the labor force in the 1970's and 1980's (E) The massive trade deficits of the 1980's.
(B) The combination of recession and high inflation in the 1970's
Which of the following states the principle of "popular sovereignty?" (A) Congress has the right to decide where slavery shall and shall not exist. (B) The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there. (C) Individual citizens can decide for themselves whether or not to hold slaves. (D) The American people shall decide where slaver will exist through a national plebiscite. (E) Individual states have the right to reject congressional decisions pertaining to slavery.
(B) The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there.
During the 193u's, isolationists drew support for their position from which of the following documents? (A) The Federalist Papers (B) Washington's Farewell Address (C) Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address (D) The Platt Amendment (E) Franklin Roosevelt's First Inaugural Address.
(B) Washington's Farewell Address
A United States response to the successful orbiting of Sputnik in 1957 was to (A) increase NATO forces in Europe (B) expand federal aid to education (C) withdraw from arms-limitation talks with the Soviet Union (D) force the resignation of important American scientists from governmental positions (E) increase cooperation with the Soviet Union in space projects.
(B) expand federal aid to education
The major purpose of England's mercantilist policy was to (A) protect the infant industries of England's young colonies (B) increase England's prosperity (C) discourage other European powers from colonizing North America (D) reduce the need for an overseas empire (E) open the Atlantic to free trade.
(B) increase England's prosperity
The National Industrial Recovery Act sought to combat the Great Depression by (A) ending private ownership of basic industries (B) reducing competition (C) lowering prices (D) weakening organized labor (E) breaking up trusts.
(B) reducing competition
Of the following, the most important cause of the Great Depression was (A) soaring energy costs (B) serious dislocations in international trade (C) European abandonment of the gold standard (D) confiscatory social security taxes (E) excessive government spending
(B) serious dislocations in international trade
The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it (A) established the role of the federal government in internal improvements (B) strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions (C) made the invention of the steamboat economically viable (D) spurred innovation in the railroad industry (E) was the last major canal project before the Civil War.
(B) strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions took the position that (A) only the United States Supreme Court had the power to restrict freedom of speech and press (B) the authority of state governments included the power to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional (C) only fiscal measures initiated by state legislatures could be acted on by Congress (D) Congress was responsible for maintaining the vitality of a "loyal opposition" political party (E) the "supremacy clause" of the Constitution applied only to foreign affairs.
(B) the authority of state governments included the power to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional
American writers of the 1920's have often been called the "lost generation" because they (A) found it difficult to get their work published (B) were disillusioned with the course of American life (C) failed to achieve fame in their lifetimes (D) were politically radical in a conservative era (E) preferred to write for a European rather than an American audience.
(B) were disillusioned with the course of American life
Which of the following was a consequence of the shift to sharecropping and the crop lien system in the late nineteenth-century South? (A) A major redistribution of land ownership (B) A diversification of crops (C) A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers (D) A rise in cotton yields per acre from antebellum production levels (E) The termination of the control exerted by White landowners over former slaves.
(C) A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers
The Stamp Act crisis was important in the coming of the American Revolution for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: (A) The colonists demonstrated their willingness to use violence rather than legal means to frustrate British policy. (B) The crisis coincided with a British decision to garrison regular troops in American cities. (C) American patriots realized that British inflexibility made revolution virtually inevitable. (D) The British maintained that the colonies had no right to independence from parliamentary authority. (E) Patriot leaders claimed that the act denied them their British birthrights.
(C) American patriots realized that British inflexibility made revolution virtually inevitable.
The United States Open Door policy in Asia did which of the following? (A) Guaranteed military support for China's territorial integrity. (B) Opened China to Western trade for the first time. (C) Bolstered American commercial interests in China. (D) Rid China of European spheres of influence. (E) Repudiated Japan's interests in China.
(C) Bolstered American commercial interests in China.
Charles Lindbergh became a national hero for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: (A) He was seen as a modest, handsome daredevil. (B) He made a solo flight across the Atlantic. (C) He advocated American leadership in world affairs. (D) He embodied American traditional values in the new industrialized society. (E) His success incorporated elements of technology and individualism.
(C) He advocated American leadership in world affairs.
Which of the following statements is correct about the rise of' Senator Joseph R. McCarthy to nation, prominence? (A) He was the first Republican to emphasize the dangers of communism at home and abroad (B) His careful investigations led to the conviction of hundreds of active subversives to whom the Truman administration had turned a blind eye. (C) He effectively played on the fears of America that communists had infiltrated the State Department and other federal agencies. (D) He used the televised Army-McCarthy hearing to his advantage. (E) He received strong support from President Eisenhower.
(C) He effectively played on the fears of America that communists had infiltrated the State Department and other federal agencies.
Which of the following statements about the Monroe Doctrine is accurate? (A) It was announced by the President over t serious objections of Secretary of State John Quincy Adams. (B) It was issued simultaneously with a British policy statement on Latin America. (C) It stressed that Europe and the Western Hemi- sphere had essentially different political systems. (D) It was immediately accepted as international law. (E) It was promptly challenged militarily by the "Concert of Europe."
(C) It stressed that Europe and the Western Hemi-sphere had essentially different political systems.
Which of the following best accounts for the fact that Slavic immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries settled principally in midwestern cities like Pittsburgh, Detroit, and Chicago? (A) The immigrants' inability to speak English was a serious obstacle to securing work on the East Coast. (B) Housing was better and food cheaper in the newer cities of the Midwest. (C) Midwestern steel, meatpacking, and other mass production industries offered many unskilled jobs. (D) Immigration authorities subsidized rail fares for westward migrants. (E) Ethnic and religious prejudice was less wide-spread in the Midwest than in eastern cities.
(C) Midwestern steel, meatpacking, and other mass production industries offered many unskilled jobs.
Of the following, which was the principal issue on which the United States sought settlement with Great Britain at the outset of the War of 1812 ? (A) A guarantee of New England fishing rights off Newfoundland (B) Free navigation of the Mississippi River (C) Cancellation of pre-Revolutionary debts (D) Access to trade with the British West Indies (E) An end to impressments.
(E) An end to impressments.
Which of the following best characterizes the muckrakers of the early twentieth century? (A) They were primarily concerned with racial issues. (B) They were mostly recent immigrants to the United States. (C) They were leading critics of urban boss politics. (D) Their influence on public opinion was greatest after the First World War. (E) They wrote primarily for an academic audience.
(C) They were leading critics of urban boss politics.
Harvard College and Yale College were established primarily to (A) train lawyers and doctors (B) encourage scientific advances (C) ensure an adequate supply of ministers (D) prepare young men for political leadership (E) preserve the traditions of classical scholarship.
(C) ensure an adequate supply of ministers
An important consequence of the "tariff of abominations" (1828) is that it led to the (A) taxation of consumer items (B) reelection of Andrew Jackson (C) enunciation of the doctrine of nullification (D) alliance of Southern planters and Western farmers (E) expansion of the New England textile industry.
(C) enunciation of the doctrine of nullification
For American farming, the years 1921 to 1929 were a period of (A) increase in the size of the farm population (B) rapid inflation in the price of farmland (C) low prices for agricultural products (D) increased government subsidization (E) increase in the number of small family-owned farms.
(C) low prices for agricultural products
The map above shows the United States immediately following the (A) passage of the Northwest Ordinance (B) negotiation of the Adams-Onis Treaty (C) passage of the Missouri Compromise (D) settlement of the Mexican War (E) passage of the Compromise of 1850.
(C) passage of the Missouri Compromise
Henry Clay's "American System" called for all of the following EXCEPT (A) a tariff for the protection of industry (B) internal improvements at national government expense (C) sale of federal lands to finance higher education .(D) greater reliance on domestic financial resources (E) increased trade among the sections of the nation.
(C) sale of federal lands to finance higher education
The initial response of the United States to the outbreak of war in Korea was to (A) seek the cooperation of the People's Republic of China to end the fighting (B) increase American aid to Indochina to meet the threat of communist aggression (C) seek collective action against North Korea through the United Nations (D) encourage Japan to rearm (E) request a summit meeting with the Soviet Union.
(C) seek collective action against North Korea through the United Nations
During the Great Depression, "Hoovervilles" were (A) government relocation camps for indigent workers (B) model communities established by the Hoover administration (C) shantytowns of unemployed and homeless people (D) soup kitchens financed under New Deal legislation (E) work projects established by the Hoover administration to revitalize the economy.
(C) shantytowns of unemployed and homeless people
In the first half of the nineteenth century, Cherokee efforts to retain their tribal lands in Georgia received direct support from (A) the White residents of Oklahoma (B) President Andrew Jackson (C) the United States Supreme Court (D) the Democratic press (E) the United States Congress.
(C) the United States Supreme Court
In the late nineteenth century, all of the following encouraged American jingoism EXCEPT (A) yellow journalism (B) the New Navy policy of Alfred Thayer Mahan and Theodore Roosevelt (C) the example of European imperialism (D) the flooding of American markets by foreign producers (E) Social Darwinism.
(C) the example of European imperialism
All of the following are true of railroad expansion in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that it (A) opened new territories to commercial agriculture (B) accelerated the growth of some older cities and created new ones (C) was financed by private corporations without government assistance (D) led to new managerial forms and techniques (E) was often capitalized beyond what was needed.
(C) was financed by private corporations without government assistance
The "Great Awakening" refers to the (A) growth of European awareness of the New World in the 1500's (B) impact of the Enlightenment on colonial thought in the early 1700's (C) wave of religious revivals that swept the colonies in the 1740's (D) beginning of the colonial movement toward independence from Great Britain (E) growth of technology that contributed to increased industrialization in the early 1800's.
(C) wave of religious revivals that swept the colonies in the 1740's
The growth of suburbia was vastly accelerated by the (A) Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 (B) Social Security Act of 1935 (C) Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 (D) Federal Highway Act of 1956 (E) Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.
(D) Federal Highway Act of 1956
Which of the following was most responsible for the change shown between 1938 and 1942 on the chart above? (A) The illness and death of unemployed workers (B) A redefinition of unemployment by the United States Census Bureau (C) Legislation of the second New Deal (D) Industrial mobilization related to the Second World War (E) A global economic boom following the Great Depression.
(D) Industrial mobilization related to the Second World War
Which of the following would most likely have expressed opposition to the idea of Manifest Destiny? (A) Advocates of the foreign policy of Secretary of State William H. Seward (B) Voters for James K. Polk in 1844 (C) Supporters of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 (D) Members of the Whig party in Congress during the Mexican War (E) Supporters of the Ostend Manifesto.
(D) Members of the Whig party in Congress during the Mexican War
Which of the following moved in greatest numbers into Appalachia as the American Indians of the region were defeated? (A) Immigrants from Sweden (B) Slaveholders, indentured servants, and slaves from coastal plantations (C) Puritans from New England (D) Scotch-Irish, German, and English immigrants (E) White immigrants from the West Indies.
(D) Scotch-Irish, German, and English immigrants
Which of the following groups in the American work force has experienced the greatest percentage of growth since 1950 ? (A) Agricultural workers (B) Industrial workers (C) Unionized blue-collar workers (D) Service workers (E) Construction workers.
(D) Service workers
Why did Congressional Reconstruction end in 1877 ? (A) The freed slaves had been successfully integrated into Southern society. (B) The treaty ending the Civil War had set such time limit. (C) Most of the politically active Black people h left the South for Northern cities. (D) The Republican and Democratic parties effected a compromise agreement after the 1876 presidential election. (E) The United States needed the troops stationed in the South to confront the French in Mexico.
(D) The Republican and Democratic parties effected a compromise agreement after the 1876 presidential election.
During the presidencies of Harding and Coolidge, which of the following was true about most of the federal regulatory agencies created during the Progressive Era? (A) They kept business divided into small, fiercer) competitive units. (B) They were declared unconstitutional. (C) They were abolished. (D) They served mainly to aid business. (E) They were placed in the hands of the states.
(D) They served mainly to aid business.
Which of the following most appropriately characterizes the violence exhibited in such episodes as Bacon's Rebellion, the Boston Tea Party, Shays' Rebellion, and the Whiskey Rebellion? (A) Most violence occurred in urban areas. (B) Most violence produced no deaths. (C) The level of violence subsided after the American Revolution. (D) Violence was directed at "outsiders" or representatives of distant authority. (E) Most violence occurred because of the intervention of foreign powers in American internal affairs.
(D) Violence was directed at "outsiders" or representatives of distant authority.
Theodore Roosevelt's mediation in the Russo- Japanese War reflected his belief that United States interests were best served by (A) a decisive victory for Russia (B) a decisive victory for Japan (C) the acquisition of Russian and Japanese spheres of interest by the United States (D) a balance of power between Russia and Japan (E) the return of Russian and Japanese spheres of interest to China.
(D) a balance of power between Russia and Japan
The American Federation of Labor (AFL) split apart at its national convention in 1935 because (A) most workers opposed Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal (B) many delegates believed that the leadership of the AFL was soft on communism (C) a majority of AFL leaders opposed collective bargaining (D) a majority of AFL leaders refused to grant charters to new unions organized on an industry-wide basis (E) many delegates believed that the AFL had become too revolutionary in pursuing the tactic of the sit-down strike.
(D) a majority of AFL leaders refused to grant charters to new unions organized on an industry-wide basis
The rough map above was used by Thomas Jefferson to (A) plot American military strategy during the Revolution (B) give Lewis and Clark their instructions for exploration of the Mississippi (C) plan a system of frontier fortifications (D) begin planning the division of federal lands in new states (E) organize voluntary militia during the Black Hawk War.
(D) begin planning the division of federal lands in new states
During the last decade of the nineteenth century, the primary use of the Sherman Antitrust Act was to (A) break up business monopolies (B) regulate interstate railroads (C) protect American industry from foreign competition (D) curb labor unions (E) promote economic expansion.
(D) curb labor unions
During the Second World War the United States sought greater cooperation with the nations of Latin America primarily to (A) promote the industrialization of Latin America (B) encourage Latin American social and economic reforms (C) end repressive Latin American military dictator- ships (D) develop a hemispheric common front against fascism (E) end the threat of Latin American communist movements.
(D) develop a hemispheric common front against fascism
During the War for Independence, the principal reason the American government sought diplomatic recognition from foreign powers was to (A) rally all the states behind a common cause (B) convince the British of the justice of the American cause (C) make it easier to levy taxes on the citizens of the several states (D) facilitate the purchase of arms and borrowing of money from other nations (E) allow Von Steuben, Lafayette, and other Europeans to join the American army.
(D) facilitate the purchase of arms and borrowing of money from other nations
In the 1850's, the South differed from the North in that the South had (A) a better-developed transportation system (B) a better-educated White population (C) less interest in evangelical religion (D) fewer European immigrants (E) more cities.
(D) fewer European immigrants
To make the new government viable, the first Congress of the United States did all of the following EXCEPT (A) organize a federal court system under the Supreme Court (B) draft a bill of rights and send it to the states for ratification (C) pass a tariff for the purpose of raising revenue (D) grant subsidies to encourage industrial development (E) establish the State Department.
(D) grant subsidies to encourage industrial development
Most Progressives sought all of the following EXCEPT the (A) democratization of the political structure (B) reformation of children's labor laws (C) expansion of women's rights, (D) legislative creation of a socialist commonwealth (E) application of "scientific methods" to solve social problems.
(D) legislative creation of a socialist commonwealth
The Black Codes passed in a number of southern states after the Civil War were intended to (A) close public schools to the children of former slaves (B) promote the return of former slaves to Africa (C) enable Black citizens to vote in federal elections (D) place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people (E) further the integration of southern society.
(D) place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people
The election of 1800 has been referred to as constituting "another revolution" because (A) the House of Representatives decided the election (B) a Supreme Court decision was required to dislodge the Federalists (C) voter turnout increased dramatically (D) the party in power stepped down after losing the election (E) force was required to get John Adams to leave the. White House.
(D) the party in power stepped down after losing the election
In the eighteenth century, colonial Virginia and colonial Massachusetts were most alike in that both (A) relied on the marketing of a single crop (B) were heavily dependent on slave labor (C) had an established Anglican church (D) were royal colonies (E) administered local government through justices of the peace.
(D) were royal colonies
Which of the following was true of the American labor movement in the late nineteenth century? (A) It was controlled by immigrant socialists and anarchists. (B) It was confined to factory workers. (C) It was protected from employer harassment by federal law and policy. (D) It was allied with the Democratic party. (E) It was involved in a number of violent strikes.
(E) It was involved in a number of violent strikes.
The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka essentially reversed which of the following earlier Court decisions? (A) Marbury v. Madison (B) Dred Scott v. Sanford (C) Roe v. Wade (D) Gideon v. Wainwright (E) Plessy v. Ferguson.
(E) Plessy v. Ferguson.
A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after Harry, his slave, had run away: "He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among his Acquaintances on Potomack; he is also well acquainted with a Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harboured thereabouts." Which of the following statements about conditions under slavery is best supported by the passage above? (A) Slaves had no opportunity to develop their own culture and society. (B) Slaves commonly formed settlements of their own away from the plantations. (C) Slaves lived entirely independently of their masters. (D) Slaves frequently associated with free Black people. (E) Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations.
(E) Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations.
As a result of the Spanish-American War, Spain relinquished to the United States control of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and which of the following? (A) Alaska (B) Hawaii (C) The Panama Canal Zone (D) Bermuda (E) The Philippines.
(E) The Philippines.
In 1962, which of the following contributed most directly to a crisis in Soviet-American relations over Cuba? (A) Cuban attacks on the United States. naval base at Guantanamo (B) The failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion (C) Cuban support for leftist guerilla movements in Latin America (D) Cuban withdrawal from the Organization of American States (E) The discovery of Soviet missile sites in Cuba.
(E) The discovery of Soviet missile sites in Cuba.
All of the following were reasons for the failure of the People's (Populist) party EXCEPT: (A) The radical nature of its program alienated non-farming interests. (B) Racism strained the coalition of poor White and Black farmers. (C) The Democratic party co-opted some of the Populist program and its constituency. (D) Western and Southern farmers favored different political strategies. (E) The prosperity of the early 1890's undermined popular support for Populist economic reforms.
(E) The prosperity of the early 1890's undermined popular support for Populist economic reforms.
The call for the "immediate and uncompensated emancipation of the slaves" is associated with the position of (A) the Free Soil party (B) the evangelical churches in both the North and the South (C) Abraham Lincoln in his debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Freeport, Illinois (D) John Quincy Adams in his demands for repeal of the "gag rule" (E) William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator.
(E) William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator.
The announced purpose of the Marshall Plan was to (A) stabilize world currencies (B) promote advanced technology for use in the military defense of Western Europe (C) reduce the dependence of the European economy on overseas empires (D) maintain the United States position as the world's leading creditor nation (E) aid the economic recovery of war-torn Europe.
(E) aid the economic recovery of war-torn Europe.
In the late nineteenth-century United States, farmers sought federal relief from distress caused by (A) low tariffs (B) natural disasters (C) inflationary monetary policies (D) excise taxes on agricultural products (E) discriminatory freight rates.
(E) discriminatory freight rates.
During Woodrow Wilson's administration, the federal government attempted to counteract the economic influence of big business by (A) eliminating the gold standard (B) increasing tariff rates (C) centralizing economic planning (D) applying the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment to corporations (E) establishing the Federal Trade Commission.
(E) establishing the Federal Trade Commission.
In 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover disagreed most strongly about the desirability of (A) a balanced federal budget (B) farm price supports (C) federal aid to corporations (D) a program of public works (E) federal relief to individuals.
(E) federal relief to individuals.
A major reason why Thomas Jefferson was interested in purchasing Louisiana from France was that he (A) wanted to establish a precedent for the expansion of presidential authority (B) wanted an area beyond the Mississippi River to which eastern Native Americans (Indians) could be moved (C) had learned from Lewis and Clark of the untapped mineral resources in western areas (D) hoped to cement a Franco-American alliance against the British (E) hoped to preserve an agricultural society by making abundant lands available to future generations
(E) hoped to preserve an agricultural society by making abundant lands available to future generations
The primary difference between United States intervention in Guatemala in 1954 and previous United States interventions in Central America was that the Guatemalan intervention (A) was not authorized by Congress (B) favored the Guatemalan Right (C) involved the cooperation of the Organization of American States (D) was mounted for economic motives (E) involved covert action by the CIA.
(E) involved covert action by the CIA.
Joseph Pulitzer achieved fame and wealth as (A) radio commentator (B) political cartoonist (C) photographer (D) film producer (E) newspaper publisher.
(E) newspaper publisher.
Woodrow Wilson's statement above was made in justification of his (A) decision to send troops to northern Russia and Siberia after the Bolshevik Revolution (B) refusal to award Fiume to the Italians (C) insistence on "open treaties, openly arrived at" (D) opposition to the resolution on racial equality put forward at the Paris peace negotiations by the Japanese delegation (E) refusal to accept the "reservations" proposed by Henry Cabot Lodge in the Senate debate over ratification of the Treaty of Versailles.
(E) refusal to accept the "reservations" proposed by Henry Cabot Lodge in the Senate debate over ratification of the Treaty of Versailles
The primary objective of the founders of the Know- Nothing party was the (A) abolition of slavery (B) establishment of free public schools (C) improvement of factory working conditions (D) prohibition of communitarian experiments (E) restriction of the rights of immigrants.
(E) restriction of the rights of immigrants.
All of the following were objectives of W.E.B. DuBois EXCEPT (A) the total enfranchisement of all eligible Black citizens (B) the establishment of an organization to seek legal redress of Black grievances (C) the establishment of Black political power (D) cooperation with White people in obtaining Black progress (E) the implementation of Booker T. Washington's program for Black progress.
(E) the implementation of Booker T. Washington's program for Black progress.
The dramatic increase in the South's slave labor force between 1810 and 1860 was due to (A) an increase in the African slave trade (B) the importation of slaves from the West Indies (C) an increase in the severity of fugitive slave laws (D) the acquisition of Louisiana (E) the natural population increase of American born slaves.
(E) the natural population increase of American born slaves.
