APUSH 16 & 17
49. Most Americans who migrated to the Oregon Country were attracted by the a. rich soil of the Willamette River Valley. b. expectation of fighting British troops. c. potential profits in the fur trade. d. discovery of gold and silver in the Cascade Mountains. e. hope of finding a better trade route to East Asia.
A
60. Most slaves were raised a. without the benefit of a stable home life. b. in stable two-parent households. c. never knowing anything about their relatives. d. not to display their African cultural roots. e. without religion.
B
26. As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin a. fewer slaves were needed on the plantations. b. short-staple cotton lost popularity. c. slavery was reinvigorated. d. Thomas Jefferson predicted the gradual death of slavery. e. the African slave trade was legalized.
C
32. In what year did John O'Sullivan coin the phrase Manifest Destiny? a. 1825 b. 1836 c. 1845 d. 1850 e. 1865
C
34. The Whigs placed John Tyler on the 1840 ticket as vice president to a. have him instead of President William Henry Harrison actually run the executive branch. b. win northern votes. c. attract the vote of the states' rightists. d. reward him for his strong support of the Whig party platform. e. respond to the Democrats' expansionist appeal.
C
35. ____ said the following quote, "I think we must get rid of slavery or we must get rid of freedom." a. Jefferson Davis b. John C. Calhoun c. Ralph Waldo Emerson d. Abraham Lincoln e. Andrew Johnson
C
36. As their main crop, southern subsistence farmers raised a. cotton. b. tobacco. c. corn. d. rice. e. sugar cane.
C
37. During an 1837 Canadian rebellion against Britain a. the United States stayed neutral in word and action. b. the United States imprisoned several American violators of neutrality. c. America was unlawfully invaded by the British. d. Canada warned the United States to stay out of the conflict. e. the U.S. government plotted to annex Canada.
C
40. In society's basement in the South of 1860 were nearly ____ million black human chattels. a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 8 e. 10
C
56. In some counties of the deep South, especially along the lower Mississippi River, blacks accounted for more than ____ percent of the population. a. 25 b. 50 c. 75 d. 85 e. 95
C
45. Some southern slaves gained their freedom as a result of a. the prohibition of the Atlantic slave trade after 1807. b. purchase by northern abolitionists. c. fleeing to mountain hideaways. d. purchasing their way out of slavery with money earned after hours. e. the objection to slaveholding by some white women.
D
73. Many abolitionists turned to political action in 1840, when they backed the presidential candidate of the a. Free Soil party. b. Republican party. c. Know-Nothing party. d. Liberty party. e. Anti-Masonic party.
D
56. In the Oregon treaty with Britain in 1846, the northern boundary of the United States was established to the Pacific Ocean along the line of a. 42°. b. 52° 40'. c. 54° 40'. d. 36° 30'. e. 49°.
E
59. All of the following were true of slavery in the South except that a. slave life on the frontier was harder than that of life in the more settled areas. b. a distinctive African American slave culture developed. c. a typical planter had too much of his own prosperity riding on the backs of his slaves to beat them on a regular basis. d. by 1860, most slaves were concentrated in the "black belt" of the Deep South. e. most slaves were raised in single unstable parent households.
E
60. In his quest for California, President James K. Polk a. advocated war with Mexico from the beginning. b. argued strongly for annexation, because Americans were the most numerous people in the area. c. was motivated by his knowledge of gold deposits there. d. sought British help to persuade Mexico to sell the area to the United States. e. first advocated buying the area from Mexico.
E
66. The idea of recolonizing blacks back to Africa was a. proposed by William Lloyd Garrison. b. proposed as part of the Fourteenth Amendment. c. advocated by Frederick Douglass. d. suggested by the African nation of Liberia. e. supported by the black leader Martin Delaney.
E
67. The idea of transporting blacks back to Africa was a. a recognition of blacks' desire to preserve their culture. b. never carried out. c. advocated by Frederick Douglass. d. proposed by the African nation of Liberia. e. an expression of widespread American racism.
E
67. The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, ending the Mexican War, included a. a guarantee of the rights of Mexicans living in New Mexico. b. United States annexation of all the territory south of the Rio Grande. c. the banning of slavery from all territory ceded to the United States. d. a requirement that Mexico pay $3.25 million in damages to the United States. e. United States payment of $15 million for the cession of northern Mexico.
E
71. William Lloyd Garrison pledged his dedication to a. shipping freed blacks back to Africa. b. outlawing the slave trade. c. preventing the expansion of slavery beyond the South. d. forming an antislavery political party. e. the immediate abolition of slavery in the South.
E
72. Match each abolitionist below with his role in the movement. A. Wendell Phillips 1. abolitionist martyr B. Frederick Douglass 2. black abolitionist C. Elijah P. Lovejoy 3. abolitionist golden trumpet D. William Lloyd Garrison 4. abolitionist newspaper publisher a. A-4, B-2, C-l, D-3 b. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3 c. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2 d. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 e. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
E
31. The plantation system of the Cotton South was a. increasingly monopolistic. b. efficient at utilizing natural resources. c. financially stable. d. attractive to European immigrants. e. unable to expand westward.
A
33. European immigration to the South was discouraged by a. competition with slave labor. b. southern anti-Catholicism. c. Irish antislavery groups. d. immigration barriers enacted by southern states. e. their inability to tolerate the hot climate.
A
34. All told, only about ____ of white southerners owned slaves or belonged to a slaveholding family. a. one fourth b. one third c. half d. two thirds e. three fourths
A
50. The nomination of James K. Polk as the Democrats' 1844 presidential candidate was secured by a. southern expansionists. b. anti-Texas southerners. c. Henry Clay. d. eastern business interests. e. proslavery forces.
A
50. The profitable southern slave system a. hobbled the economic development of the region as a whole. b. saw many slaves moving to the upper South. c. led to the textile industry's development in the South first. d. relied almost totally on importing slaves to meet the unquenchable demand for labor. e. enabled the South to afford economic and educational progress.
A
52. Slavery's greatest psychological horror, and the theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, was a. the enforced separation of slave families, whose members could be sold away from each other. b. slaveowners' frequent use of the whip. c. the breeding of slaves. d. having to do the most dangerous work on the plantation. e. forcible sexual assault by slaveowners.
A
61. Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) Bear Flag revolt, (B) Slidell mission rejected, (C) declaration of war on Mexico, and (D) American troops ordered to the Rio Grande Valley. a. B, D, C, A b. A, C, B, D c. D, B, A, C d. C, A, D, B e. A, D, C, B
A
64. During the Mexican War, the Polk administration was called on several times to respond to spot resolutions, indicating where American blood had been shed to provoke the war. The resolutions were frequently introduced by a. Abraham Lincoln. b. Henry Clay. c. Robert Walker. d. David Wilmot. e. Lewis Cass.
A
70. Arrange the following in chronological order: the founding of the (A) American Colonization Society, (B) American Anti-Slavery Society, and (C) Liberty party. a. A, B, C b. C, A, B c. B, C, A d. A, C, B e. C, B, A
A
71. The Wilmot Proviso a. symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories. b. gained House and Senate approval in 1846. c. settled, once and for all, the issue of slavery in California. d. allowed slavery in the territory taken from Mexico in 1848. e. left open the issue of slavery in New Mexico and Utah.
A
76. In arguing for the continuation of slavery after 1830, southerners a. placed themselves in opposition to much of the rest of the Western world. b. were in opposition to the North but on the side of the Western world. c. failed to compare slaves with the northern factory worker. d. allowed considerable dissent in the South. e. aligned themselves with leading European intellectuals.
A
77. Those in the North who opposed the abolitionists believed that these opponents of slavery a. were creating disorder in America. b. were defending the American way of life. c. deserved the right to speak freely. d. had turned their backs on religion. e. were undermining fundamental American beliefs.
A
27. Members of the planter aristocracy a. produced fewer front-rank statesmen than the North. b. dominated society and politics in the South. c. provided democratic rule in the South. d. promoted tax-supported public education. e. kept up with developments in modern thought.
B
33. John Tyler joined the Whig party because he a. thought that it was the easiest way to become president. b. could not stomach the dictatorial tactics of Andrew Jackson. c. was forced to resign from the Senate. d. believed in its pro-bank, pro-protective tariff, and pro-internal improvements position. e. believed it better represented Virginia's interests.
B
38. By 1860, three-quarters of all southern whites did not own slaves, but instead a. lived and worked in the emerging cities of the South. b. eked out a living in the mountains and backcountry raising corn and hogs. c. owned small farms where they and their families raised cotton. d. farmed a mixture of wheat, tobacco and cotton. e. None of these
B
40. The British-American dispute over the border of Maine was solved a. by the Third War for American Independence. b. by a compromise that gave each side some territory. c. when America was given all of the territory in question. d. by the Caroline incident. e. by admitting Maine into the Union and New Brunswick into Canada.
B
43. The majority of southern whites owned no slaves because a. they opposed slavery. b. they could not afford the purchase price. c. their urban location did not require them. d. their racism would not allow them to work alongside African Americans. e. they feared the possibility of slave revolts.
B
44. The most pro-Union of the white southerners were a. plantation owners. b. mountain whites. c. small slaveowners. d. nonslaveowning subsistence farmers. e. people with northern economic interests.
B
45. One argument against annexing Texas to the United States was that the annexation a. could involve the country in a series of ruinous wars in America and Europe. b. might give more power to the supporters of slavery. c. was not supported by the people of Texas. d. offered little political or economic value to America. e. would lead to tensions and possible war with the British.
B
46. Texas was annexed to the United States as a result of a. Senate approval of the Treaty of Annexation. b. a joint resolution rather than a treaty. c. a presidential order by Andrew Jackson. d. the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. e. a compromise to admit free-state Iowa at the same time.
B
51. Regarding work assignments, slaves were a. given some of the most dangerous jobs. b. sometimes spared dangerous work. c. given the same jobs as Irish laborers. d. usually given skilled rather than menial jobs. e. generally supervised in small groups.
B
53. By 1860, slaves were concentrated in the "black belt" located in the a. border states of Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland. b. Deep South states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. c. old South states of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. d. new Southwest states of Texas, Arkansas, and Indian Territory. e. mountain regions of Tennessee, West Virginia, and Kentucky.
B
57. One reason that the British government decided to compromise on the Oregon Country border was a. the support of the Hudson's Bay Company. b. their belief that the territory was not worth fighting over. c. John Tyler's election to the presidency. d. America's acceptance of 54° 40'. e. their better ability to defend British Columbia.
B
62. Slaves fought the system of slavery in all of the following ways except by a. slowing down the work pace. b. conducting periodic successful slave rebellions. c. sabotaging expensive equipment. d. pilfering goods that their labor had produced. e. running away from their masters.
B
68. In 1839, enslaved Africans rose up aboard the Spanish slave ship a. Isabelle. b. Amistad. c. Gerriere. d. La Nina. e. El Liberte.
B
68. Those people most opposed to President James K. Polk's expansionist program were the a. western Democrats. b. antislavery forces. c. Senate Democrats. d. supporters of Nicholas P. Trist. e. proslavery Whigs.
B
69. Match each abolitionist below with his publication. A. William Lloyd Garrison 1. Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World B. Theodore Dwight Weld 2. The Liberator C. Frederick Douglass 3. Narration of the Life of ____ D. David Walker 4. American Slavery as It Is a. A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2 b. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 c. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 d. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 e. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
B
72. The Wilmot Proviso, introduced into Congress during the Mexican War, declared that a. Mexican territory would not be annexed to the United States. b. slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the United States. c. the United States should annex all of Mexico. d. the United States should have to pay Mexico a financial indemnity for having provoked the war. e. slavery in the territories would be determined by popular sovereignty.
B
73. The largest single addition to American territory was a. the Louisiana Purchase. b. the Mexican Cession. c. the Oregon Country. d. the Old Northwest. e. Alaska.
B
77. The Californios' political ascendancy in California ended a. with the arrival of Franciscan friars. b. as a result of the influx of Anglo golddiggers. c. when Mexico gained control of the area in 1826. d. when agriculture became more profitable than mining. e. when the U.S. government made English mandatory.
B
41. By the mid-nineteenth century a. most southerners owned slaves. b. the smaller slaveholders owned a majority of the slaves. c. most slaves lived on large plantations. d. slavery was a dying institution. e. southerners were growing defensive about slavery.
C
42. Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) annexation of Texas, (B) Webster-Ashburton Treaty, (C) settlement of the Oregon boundary, and (D) Aroostook War. a. A, B, D, C b. B, D, C, A c. D, B, A, C d. C, A, B, D e. A, D, C, B
C
42. Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by a. Susan B. Anthony. b. Lucrecia Mott. c. Harriet Beecher Stowe. d. Margaret Fuller. e. Harriet Tubman.
C
46. The great increase of the slave population in the first half of the nineteenth century was largely due to a. the reopening of the African slave trade in 1808. b. larger imports of slaves from the West Indies. c. natural reproduction. d. reenslavement of free blacks. e. the deliberate breeding of slaves by plantation owners.
C
47. Arrange in chronological order the United States' acquisition of (A) Oregon, (B) Texas, and (C) California. a. A, B, C b. C, B, A c. B, A, C d. B, C, A e. A, C, B
C
48. The group that was instrumental in saving the soil of Oregon for the United States was a. the Lewis and Clark expedition. b. the Hudson's Bay Company. c. American missionaries to the Indians. d. U.S. naval forces in Puget Sound. e. Mormon settlers from Utah.
C
53. In the presidential election of 1844, the Whig candidate, Henry Clay a. opposed the annexation of Texas. b. called for immediate annexation of Texas. c. favored both the postponing and the annexation of Texas. d. ignored the issue of the annexation of Texas. e. favored dividing Texas into several states.
C
54. The election of 1844 was notable because a. the campaign raised no real issues. b. a genuine and clear mandate emerged. c. it was fought over the issue of expansionism. d. Polk won the electoral vote but lost the popular vote. e. it brought the slavery issue into politics.
C
55. The group most supportive of gaining control of all the Oregon Country was the a. southern Democrats. b. Whigs. c. northern Democrats. d. Californians. e. Protestant missionaries.
C
58. Americans responded to the Oregon settlement with a. unanimous approval of the arrangement with Britain at the line of 49 degrees. b. anger at Senate delays in approving the pact with Britain. c. northwestern states joining with antislavery forces to condemn the pact. d. fear that Great Britain might strike to claim the rest of the territory. e. approval that southern slave interests were protected by the treaty.
C
58. Forced separation of spouses, parents, and children was most common a. in the Deep South. b. on the large plantations. c. on small plantations and in the upper South. d. in the decade before the Civil War. e. as a punishment for running away.
C
61. Slaves were denied an education because a. it would take time away from their work in the fields and households of white masters. b. the cost of education was far more than masters would want to spend on slaves. c. masters believed that reading brought new ideas that might lead to their discontent. d. their labor did not require literacy or math skills. e. masters feared their slaves might become smarter than white owners.
C
65. Which one of the following has the least in common with the other four? a. Nat Turner b. David Walker c. John Quincy Adams d. Denmark Vesey e. Gabriel
C
66. When the war with Mexico began, President James K. Polk a. advocated taking all of Mexico. b. believed the British would intervene on behalf of the Americans. c. hoped to fight a limited war, ending with the conquest of California. d. supported a large-scale conflict. e. denied any intention of expanding slavery.
C
74. The voice of white southern abolitionism fell silent at the beginning of the a. 1790s. b. 1820s. c. 1830s. d. 1840s. e. 1850s.
C
75. The Spanish Franciscan missionaries treated the native inhabitants of California a. according to the principles of their founder St. Francis. b. well but refused to convert them to Christianity. c. very harshly. d. better than they treated their African slaves. e. as capable of civilization if educated.
C
30. Plantation mistresses a. had little contact with slaves. b. primarily controlled male slaves. c. frequently supported abolitionism. d. commanded a sizable household staff of mostly female slaves. e. were almost universally loved by their slaves.
D
31. The earliest known use of the term Manifest Destiny was by a. John Tyler. b. James K. Polk. c. Ralph Waldo Emerson. d. John L. O'Sullivan. e. Mark Twain.
D
36. The only member of President Tyler's Whig cabinet who did not resign in protest over his policies was a. Henry Clay. b. Zachary Taylor. c. Robert Walker. d. Daniel Webster. e. Millard Fillmore.
D
39. Slaves regarded the least prosperous, nonslaveholding whites as a. potential, yet undesirable, masters. b. their equals in doing the least desirable work. c. violent, rabble-rousers who often picked on slaves. d. hillbillies and "poor white trash" - too lazy to work. e. dirty, diseased, and malnourished.
D
41. The Aroostook War was a. a short-lived insurrection in British Canada. b. a battle between Native Americans and settlers in northern Maine. c. a full-scale war between Britain and the United States. d. a small-scale clash between lumberjacks in Maine and Canada e. a dispute over fishing rights between Britain and the United States.
D
43. All of the following were reasons why Britain was intensely interested in an independent Texas except a. such a republic would check the southward surge of the American colossus, who posed a threat to nearby British possessions in the New World. b. clashes between Texas and America would create a smoke-screen diversion behind which foreign powers could move into the Americas and challenge the Monroe Doctrine. c. British merchants believed that an independent Texas could be an important free-trade area, to offset the tariff-walled United States. d. Texas could become a location for the settlement of undesirable British emigrants. e. the alliance would give abolitionists the opportunity to free slaves in Texas and inflame nearby slaves in the South.
D
49. All of the following are true statements about free blacks except a. they were banned from entering several northern states. b. they were always vulnerable to being hijacked back into slavery in the South. c. slaveholders feared that they were living examples of what might be achieved with emancipation. d. in the North, they forged ties with the Irish, who similarly worked in menial jobs. e. most states denied them the right to vote.
D
54. As a substitute for the wage-incentive system, slaveowners most often used the a. promise of eventual freedom. b. reward of some legal rights. c. right to hold private property. d. whip as a motivator. e. threat of death.
D
59. When northwesterners questioned why all of Texas was annexed but not all of Oregon, the reply was a. Oregon was far more expensive. b. Oregon land was less desirable than that of Texas. c. Polk and his supporters in the Senate were far more interested in Texas as a bulwark for slavery. d. Great Britain was a far more powerful nation than Mexico. e. None of these
D
62. In 1846, the United States went to war with Mexico for all of the following reasons except a. the ideology of Manifest Destiny. b. the deaths of American soldiers at the hands of Mexicans. c. the desire to gain payment for damage claims against the Mexican government. d. the impulse to satisfy those asking for spot resolutions. e. Polk's desire to acquire California.
D
63. President Polk's claim that "American blood [had been shed] on the American soil" referred to news of an armed clash between Mexican and American troops near a. San Francisco. b. the Nueces River. c. Santa Fe. d. the Rio Grande. e. San Antonio.
D
64. In the pre-Civil War South, the most uncommon and least successful form of slave resistance was a. feigned laziness. b. sabotage of plantation equipment. c. running away. d. armed insurrection. e. stealing food and other goods.
D
69. All of the following were legacies of the U.S. war with Mexico, except a. Mexicans have never forgotten that the U.S. tore away about half of their country. b. the war resulted in a negative turning point in U.S. relations with Latin America. c. it reinvigorated the slavery issue and debates about extending slavery. d. Latin America solidified their friendly relations with the U.S. e. roughly 13,000 American soldiers died, mostly from disease.
D
28. All the following were true of the American economy under Cotton Kingdom except a. cotton accounted for half the value of all American exports after 1840. b. the South produced more than half the entire world's supply of cotton. c. 75 percent of the British supply of cotton came from the South. d. quick profits from cotton drew planters to its economic enterprise. e. the South reaped all the profits from the cotton trade.
E
29. Plantation agriculture was wasteful largely because a. it relied mainly on artificial means to fertilize the soil. b. it required leaving cropland fallow every other year. c. excessive water was used for irrigation. d. it was too diversified, thus taking essential nutrients from the soil. e. its excessive cultivation of cotton despoiled good land.
E
32. All of the following were weaknesses of the slave plantation system except that a. it relied on a one-crop economy. b. it repelled a large-scale European immigration. c. it stimulated racism among poor whites. d. it created an aristocratic political elite. e. its land continued to remain in the hands of the small farmers.
E
35. All of the following happened after President John Tyler's veto of a bill to establish a new Bank of the United States except a. he was expelled from the Whig party. b. all but one member of his cabinet resigned. c. an attempt was made in the House of Representatives to impeach him. d. Tyler also vetoed a Whig-sponsored high-tariff bill. e. he sent legislation to Congress for the creation of a National Bank.
E
37. Most white southerners were a. planter aristocrats. b. small slaveowners. c. merchants and artisans. d. "poor white trash." e. subsistence farmers.
E
38. Relations between Britain and the United States in the nineteenth century could be characterized as a. harmonious at the diplomatic level but full of popular resentments on both sides. b. generally peaceful, with occasional periods of tension. c. marked by growing American economic supremacy. d. constantly on the brink of war. e. generally tense, with periods of both violence and peaceful resolution.
E
39. As a result of the panic of 1837 a. the U. S. established restrictions on foreign loans. b. Britain lent money to America, its close ally. c. anti-British passions cooled in America. d. the Democrats led America into war for more territory. e. several states defaulted on their debts to Britain.
E
44. Some people in Britain hoped for a British alliance with Texas because a. the alliance would help to support the Monroe Doctrine. b. this area would provide an excellent base from which to attack the United States. c. Mexican efforts to attack the United States would be stopped. d. Texas could become a location for the settlement of undesirable British emigrants. e. the alliance would give abolitionists the opportunity to free slaves in Texas.
E
47. Northern attitudes toward free blacks can best be described as a. supporting their right to full citizenship. b. disliking the race but liking individual blacks. c. advocating black movement into the new territories. d. politically sympathetic but socially segregationist. e. disliking the individuals but liking the race.
E
48. For free blacks living in the North a. living conditions were nearly equal to those for whites. b. voting rights were widespread. c. good jobs were plentiful. d. education opened the door to economic opportunity. e. discrimination was common.
E
51. The area in dispute between the United States and Great Britain in 1845 lay between the a. forty-second parallel and the Columbia River. b. Cascade Mountains, the Columbia River, and Puget Sound. c. 36° 30' line and the Columbia River. d. forty-ninth parallel and the 54° 40' line. e. Columbia River, the forty-ninth parallel, and the Pacific Ocean.
E
52. In the 1840s, the view that God had ordained the growth of an American nation stretching across North America was called a. continentalism. b. isolationism. c. anglophobia. d. Divine Mandate. e. Manifest Destiny.
E
55. All of the following were characteristic of slaves in the mid-nineteenth century United States except a. slaves had no civil or political rights. b. slaves usually toiled from dusk to dawn in the fields. c. slaves had minimal protection from murder or unusually cruel punishment. d. slaves were forbidden to testify in court and their marriages were not legal. e. floggings were very uncommon and rare.
E
57. By 1860, life for slaves was most difficult in the a. Atlantic states of North and South Carolina. b. Deep South states of Georgia and Florida. c. territories of Kansas, Nebraska, and New Mexico. d. upper South states of Virginia and Maryland. e. newer states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.
E
63. As a result of white southerners' brutal treatment of their slaves and their fear of potential slave rebellions, the South a. formed alliances with white imperialists in Africa. b. adopted British attitudes toward the "peculiar institution." c. emancipated many slaves. d. shed its image as a reactionary backwater. e. developed a theory of biological racial superiority.
E
65. One goal of Mexico in its 1846-1848 war with the United States was to a. demonstrate the strength of Latino culture. b. regain control of Texas. c. capture slaves and take them back to Mexico. d. force America to make good on unpaid claims of damages to Mexican citizens. e. humiliate the bullies of the North by invading the U.S. and freeing black slaves.
E
70. Which of these is NOT a true statement about the missions in California? a. They became a combination of churches, towns, schools, farms, factories and prisons. b. Indians in the area were encouraged to adopt Christianity. c. In their early history, missions often forced Indians to work as farmers and herders, d. Power was transferred from the missionaries to the Mexican government in 1821. e. Californios were at the lowest rungs of society in the early to mid 1800s.
E
74. The first Old World Europeans to come to California were a. Russians. b. French. c. Dutch. d. English. e. Spanish.
E
75. Proslavery whites defended the institution of slavery in all of the following ways except a. they claimed slavery was supported by the Bible. b. slaveholders said slavery lifted Africans from the barbarism of the jungle and gave them Christian civilization. c. Slaveholders claimed that master-slave relationships resembled a family. d. they said that slaves toiled under better working conditions than factory workers and hired hands in the North. e. they claimed that slaves were set free once they reached old age.
E
76. When the Mexican government secularized authority in California a. missionaries gained power. b. slavery became an accepted practice. c. convicts brought in by Spain were expelled. d. California's Indians received better treatment. e. Californios eventually gained control of the land.
E
78. "Varying Viewpoints" notes that Ulrich B. Phillips made certain claims about slavery that have been challenged in recent years. Which of the following is not one of his conclusions? a. Slaves were racially inferior. b. Slavery was a dying economic institution. c. Planters treated their slaves with kindly paternalism. d. Slaves were passive by nature and did not abhor slavery. e. Slavery was comparable to the Nazi concentration camps.
E
