APUSH 20-22

213. The South's victory at Bull Run in 1861 A) reduced enlistments in the South's army. B) reduced the number of Confederate deserters. C) demonstrated how difficult Confederate independence would be. D) convinced the South of the need to prepare for a protracted conflict. E) forced Lincoln to flee Washington.

A

222. Britain did not protest too loudly against the Union naval blockade of the Confederacy because A) Britain might want to use a similar blockade in a future war. B) the British government clearly supported the Union. C) it would have been useless to try to run the blockade. D) profits were not high enough to justify the risk. E) the blockade did not cut off cotton shipments.

A

234. During the Civil War A) blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued. B) Southern armies found no way of utilizing slave labor. C) thousands of slaves rose in armed rebellion behind Southern lines. D) about one out of every four Union troops was black. E) captured black soldiers were treated well by Confederates.

A

236. The Confederacy enlisted slaves into their army A) a month before the war ended. B) at the beginning of the war. C) as a response to the Emancipation Proclamation. D) to help in the attack on Gettysburg. E) in recognition that the idea of slavery was wrong.

A

237. Robert E. Lee decided to invade the North through Pennsylvania in order to A) deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern peace movement. B) force the Union to ease its blockade of the South. C) cut Northern supply lines. D) stir northern draft resisters to rise in revolt. E) seize Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.

A

245. In the l864 election, the Democratic party nominated _______________ to oppose Lincoln's reelection. A) George McClellan B) Ulysses S. Grant C) Andrew Johnson D) Clement C. Vallandigham E) Horace Greeley

A

248. During the Civil War, Grant lost one man to every ___ , and Lee lost one man to every ___. A) 10, 5 B) 5, 10 C) 5, 20 D) 2, 10 E) 5, 2

A

249. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln A) was a calamity for the South. B) benefited the South. C) had little effect on Reconstruction. D) saved him from possible impeachment. E) brought an abolitionist to the White House.

A

253. In the postwar South A) the economy was utterly devastated. B) the emancipation of slaves had surprisingly little economic consequence. C) the much-feared inflation never materialized. D) industry and transportation were damaged, but Southern agriculture continued to flourish. E) poorer whites benefited from the end of plantation slavery.

A

215. The Union's defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was better than a victory because A) Ulysses S. Grant took command of the army immediately after the setback. B) the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war. C) "Stonewall" Jackson was killed. D) it caused Lincoln to declare a war against slavery. E) all of the above.

B

231. The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of A) reducing desertions from the Union army. B) strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union. C) increasing popular support for the Republicans in the 1864 election. D) quieting public opposition to Lincoln's war policies. E) weakening Confederate morale.

B

216. George B. McClellan is best described as A) disliked by his own men. B) aggressive. C) cautious. D) not very intelligent. E) a great strategist.

C

218. As a result of the Union loss in the Peninsula Campaign, A) Lincoln named George McClellan commander of the Union forces. B) the North backed away from total war. C) Lincoln began to draft the Emancipation Proclamation. D) Winfield Scott was relieved of his command. E) the war was forced off southern soil.

C

224. The Confederate blockade runner, the Merrimack, was A) destroyed by Union troops. B) captured and used by Union troops. C) destroyed by Confederate soldiers. D) able to escape to British ports. E) none of the above.

C

227. The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were A) Shiloh and Chancellorsville. B) Bull Run and Vicksburg. C) Gettysburg and Antietam. D) Peninsula Campaign and Fredericksburg. E) Mobile and Missionary Ridge.

C

235. African Americans who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War A) saw little actual combat. B) served mainly as supply personnel. C) served bravely and suffered extremely heavy casualties. D) accounted for less than 1 percent of total Union enlistments. E) refused to serve under white officers.

C

243. In the election of 1864, the Republicans joined with the prowar Democrats and founded the _______________ party. A) Federal B) Liberty C) Union D) National E) Progressive

C

247. General Ulysses S. Grant's basic strategy in the Civil War involved A) attacking the enemy one army at a time. B) striking tactically from the flanks. C) assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously and directly. D) extensive use of interior line defense. E) surrounding enemy armies for a long siege.

C

210. At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored A) postponing military action as long as possible. B) making the Civil War about ending slavery. C) long-term enlistments for Union soldiers. D) quick military action to show the folly of secession. E) seizing control of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.

D

220. As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign, A) Robert E. Lee was named to command the entire Southern army. B) Lincoln named Ulysses S. Grant as commander of the Union forces. C) Lincoln delayed his issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. D) the Union turned to a strategy of total war. E) Lincoln abandoned the war in the West.

D

232. When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves in A) the Border States. B) slave states that remained loyal to the Union. C) United States territories. D) states still in rebellion against the United States. E) areas controlled by the Union army.

D

233. All of the following occurred as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation except A) mounting opposition in the North to an "abolition war." B) sharp increases in Union desertions. C) heavy congressional defeats for Lincoln's administration. D) the disappearance of European working-class support for the Union. E) complaints from abolitionists that it did not go far enough.

D

212. Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) the Battle of Bull Run, (B) the Battle of Gettysburg, (C) Lee's surrender at Appomattox, (D) the Battle of Antietam. A) B, C, A, D B) D, B, C, A C) C, A, D, B D) A, B, D, C E) A, D, B, C

E

217. After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General George McClellan made the mistake of A) taking too many risks. B) relying on Lincoln's military judgment. C) being unconcerned about the morale of his troops. D) not drilling his troops enough to prepare them for battle. E) consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.

E

219. After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following except A) cutting the Confederacy in half. B) marching through Georgia and then the Carolinas. C) blockading the Confederacy's coastline. D) liberating the slaves. E) bypassing the Confederate capital at Richmond.

E

223. The most alarming Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from A) British navy vessels on loan to the South. B) swift blockade-running steamers. C) the threat of mutiny from pro-southern sailors. D) the sinking of the Union's Monitor. E) the ironclad Merrimack (the Virginia).

E

230. Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the A) Union victory over the Confederates at Gettysburg. B) surrender terms of Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox. C) Emancipation Proclamation. D) statutes of the individual states. E) Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

E

238. The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because A) the war ended shortly thereafter. B) it guaranteed Lincoln's re-election in 1864. C) the Union had uncovered the Confederates' battle plans wrapped around cigars. D) it was decided so quickly. E) Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed.

E

239. The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance because A) it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade. B) coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was irretrievably lost. C) it helped to quell Northern peace agitation. D) it cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana. E) all of the above.

E

240. One consequence of General William T. Sherman's style of warfare was A) a longer war. B) the loss of more lives. C) fewer desertions on the Confederate side. D) southern resignation to defeat. E) a shorter war that saved lives.

E

244. In the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln's running mate was A) Salmon P. Chase. B) Wendell Phillips. C) William Tecumseh Sherman. D) Stephen A. Douglas. E) Andrew Johnson.

E

246. The Union army's victory in the capture of _______________ was probably critical to Lincoln's reelection in 1864. A) Gettysburg B) Richmond C) Vicksburg D) Antietam E) Atlanta

E

251. The Civil War resulted in which of the following? A) expanded federal powers of taxation B) the end of nullification and secession C) the creation of the first federal social welfare agency D) the end of slavery E) all of the above

E

266. That the Southern states were "conquered provinces" that had completely left the Union and were therefore at the mercy of Congress for readmission was the view of A) War Democrats. B) the Supreme Court. C) President Lincoln. D) President Johnson. E) congressional Republicans.

E