APUSH CH 12

The Embargo Act of ________ banning British manufacturers had a positive effect on American manufacturing. A) 1803. B) 1790. C) 1800. D) 1807. E) 1796.

1807.

The first productive tariff in the United States is passed in A) 1824. B) 1807. C) 1816. D) 1798. E) 1833.

1816.

Charles G. Finney's revivals are held in Rochester in A) 1840. B) 1844. C) 1830. D) 1822. E) 1825.

1830.

Under the impact of industrialization, the proportion of wage laborers in the United States had risen from 12 percent in 1800 to THIS percent in 1860: A) 75. B) 60. C) 37. D) 25. E) 40.

40.

In the middle-class industrial household, "home" became A) An extension of the workplace. B) A continuation of the domination and servitude of management and labor. C) A school and church for children. D) A haven for leisure and relaxation. E) The site of numerous female home occupations.

A haven for leisure and relaxation.

One of the key goals of early unions like the New England Female Labor Reform Association was to have A) Better wages. B) Factory safety. C) A ten-hour day. D) Child care leave. E) Paid apprenticeships.

A ten-hour day.

Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the putting-out system? A) Loss of independence for artisans. B) Apprenticing became more important. C) Business owners controlled workers. D) Merchants thought in terms of national markets. E) Merchant capitalists controlled production.

Apprenticing became more important.

Which one of the following has the LEAST in common with the other four? A) Putting-out system. B) Merchant capitalists. C) Central workshops. D) Per-piece wages. E) Artisan tradition.

Artisan tradition.

Beneficiaries of the putting-out system included A) traditional artisans. B) area merchants. C) farmers. D) B and C. E) all of the above.

B and C. B) area merchants. C) farmers.

Duncan Phyfe and Stephen Allen are both examples of artisans who A) Invented early factory production systems. B) Became wealthy and upset the social order. C) Were initially tenant farmers moving into urban areas. D) Formed guilds and advocated revolution. E) Defied the apprentice system to learn their trade.

Became wealthy and upset the social order.

Which one of the following gives the CORRECT chronological order of events? (1) Cotton Gin invented. (2) Slater's first textile mill opens. (3) New England Female Labor Reform Association formed. (4) Lowell builds his cotton textile factory. A) 4, 2, 1, 3 B) 4, 1, 2, 3 C) 2, 1, 4, 3 D) 3, 2, 4, 3 E) 1, 2, 4, 3

C) 2, 1, 4, 3 (2) Slater's first textile mill opens. (1) Cotton Gin invented. (4) Lowell builds his cotton textile factory. (3) New England Female Labor Reform Association formed.

Which one of the following was NOT one of the ways middle-class couples were likely to use to limit family size? A) Condoms. B) Coitus interruptus. C) Abstinence. D) Infrequent sexual activity. E) Rhythm method.

Condoms.

Lowell chapter leader Sarah Bagley defied convention not only by being a union leader but also by A) Having a skilled worker's job. B) Directly addressing her state legislature. C) Trying to vote in a local election. D) Running for political office. E) Formally holding an apprenticeship.

Directly addressing her state legislature.

A crucial aspect of the new putting-out system was A) Uniform parts. B) Assembly lines. C) Apprenticing. D) Lack of family ties. E) Division of labor.

Division of labor.

30) Which one of the following was NOT one of the expected attitudes and habits of the new economic order? A) Hard work. B) The discouragement of employee spontaneity. C) Responsibility. D) Employer-worker closeness. E) Steadiness and sobriety.

Employer-worker closeness.

In the pre-industrial system, a boy who wanted to learn a trade A) Entered a formal apprenticeship system. B) Would have to teach himself. C) Had to labor in a factory first. D) Was taught by his father or an older male relative. E) Went to family-oriented trade schools.

Entered a formal apprenticeship system.

From the point of view of this group, the putting-out system seemed particularly beneficial: A) Farm families. B) Middle-class women. C) Artisans. D) Young apprentices. E) Independent contractors.

Farm families.

The breakdown of the family work system may have had a liberating effect on A) Apprentices. B) Free African Americans. C) Irish immigrants. D) Farm women and children. E) Wage slaves.

Farm women and children.

The unsettling demands of the new industrial order forced changes in middle-class family life that resulted in A) Increased male participation in the lives of children. B) The broadening of the "woman's sphere" beyond the household. C) Less time for the traditional nurturing role for the wife/mother. D) Fewer children in the average household. E) A less cooperative relationship between husband and wife in making household decisions.

Fewer children in the average household.

Which one of the following is NOT a traditional eighteenth-century work habit? A) Work in or near the home. B) A barter and mutual obligation system. C) Family apprenticeship system. D) Fixed production work schedule. E) Slow task oriented pace.

Fixed production work schedule.

Women were often pushed into this occupation because others were considered inappropriate: A) Garment trade. B) Nursing. C) Teaching. D) House servant. E) Shoemaking.

Garment trade.

Catharine Beecher's book Treatise on Domestic Economy illustrated the need for A) Occupational training for working class and immigrant women. B) New attitudes on sexuality and child-bearing for middle-class women. C) Helping middle-class women modernize their tasks and family role. D) Scientifically explained methods of birth control. E) Suffrage for women.

Helping middle-class women modernize their tasks and family role.

Nationally the proportion of wage laborers rose from 12 percent in 1800 to 40 in 1860. The majority were A) Ex-slaves seeking a new start. B) From the Lower South. C) Recent European immigrants. D) West of the Appalachians. E) In New England.

In New England.

The religion that captured the attention of the new middle class in the early 1800s A) Artisan family that became Boston Brahmins. B) Labor reformers. C) Apostles of the assembly line. D) Middle-class transcendentalists. E) Religious response to changing economic conditions.

Incorporated an enthusiastic evangelistic approach to religious practice.

The British dubbed this "the American system of manufactures": A) Unionized factories. B) Precise timekeeping. C) The 40-hour week. D) Interchangeable parts. E) Family mills.

Interchangeable parts.

Which of the following has the LEAST in common with the other four? A) Moses Brown. B) Slater's Mill. C) William Almy. D) Interchangeable parts. E) Industrial spying.

Interchangeable parts.

While Eli Whitney's role in developing the cotton gin is well know, he was also a pioneer in A) Interchangeable parts. B) Steamboat construction. C) The putting-out system. D) Mass-produced watches. E) Mass produced guns.

Interchangeable parts.

If you lived in Boston or Philadelphia from 1790-1807 and had accumulated tremendous amounts of capital, it was probably from A) Real estate. B) Mining. C) Textile mills. D) Commercial farming. E) International shipping.

International shipping.

There were many difficulties for workers unaccustomed to factory work, but one they liked least and had the most trouble getting used to was A) Machinery noises and frightening sizes. B) Physical demands of tending several machines at once. C) Hot, humid air full of dust and lint. D) The uncertainty of their jobs. E) Keeping to a precise timetable.

Keeping to a precise timetable.

The major transformation in social order due to the market revolution came in the lives of the A) Brahmins. B) Mechanics and farmers. C) Laboring poor. D) Ex-slaves. E) Middling sort.

Middling sort.

The states of the Old Northwest were largely settled by migrants from: A) Germany. B) England. C) New England. D) Canada. E) The Middle States.

New England.

While many states had cotton mills, the region with the greatest concentration of mills by 1839 was A) Old Northwest. B) The Midwest. C) New England. D) Middle Atlantic states. E) The South.

New England.

When women workers refused to work after dark and petitioned their legislature, this state became the first to pass a ten-hour-day law: A) Maine. B) New York. C) Pennsylvania. D) Massachusetts. E) New Hampshire.

New Hampshire.

The core of sentimentalism of the urban middle class developed from A) Romantic love. B) Evangelicalism. C) The advertising culture of the day. D) Proper social codes. E) Nostalgia for imagined preindustrial village security.

Nostalgia for imagined pre-industrial village security.

Disdaining the mill workers for their poverty and transience, rural community people called them A) The middling sort. B) Poor white trash. C) Strolling poor. D) Street poor. E) Operatives.

Operatives.

The organization of a family business in the pre-industrial era was A) Patriarchal. B) Divided between work and leisure. C) A rigid factory system. D) Matriarchal. E) Equalitarian.

Patriarchal.

Francis Cabot Lowell and Paul Moody changed textile manufacturing with their invention of a/an: A) Carding machine. B) Power loom. C) Power sewing machine. D) Assembly line. E) Uniform part assembly machine.

Power loom.

In 1798, Eli Whitney contracts with the government for A) Producing rifles with interchangeable parts. B) A shoe factory based on assembly line production. C) Producing soldiers' uniforms. D) Support of the cotton gin. E) Construction of the first cotton textile factory.

Producing rifles with interchangeable parts.

In his Walden, Henry David Thoreau A) Criticized society for wasting women's potential. B) Argued for the development of the nation's natural resources. C) Questioned the spiritual cost of the market revolution. D) Reassured middle-class businessmen on self-interest. E) Humanized the factory system.

Questioned the spiritual cost of the market revolution.

"I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all." Which of the following writers is most identified with this perspective? A) Margaret Fuller. B) Lydia Maria Child. C) Susan Warner. D) Ralph Waldo Emerson. E) Henry David Thoreau.

Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Which one of the following was NOT likely to be a topic of women's sentimental novels in the early 1800s? A) Caring family life. B) Religious feeling. C) Romantic love. D) Coping with difficulty. E) Protest against the competitive world.

Religious feeling.

Charles and Lydia Finney were examples of the significance of this in the market revolution: A) An extension of the workplace. B) A continuation of the domination and servitude of management and labor. C) A school and church for children. D) A haven for leisure and relaxation. E) The site of numerous female home occupations.

Religious response to changing economic conditions.

The term "free" labor originally referred to the A) Unpaid members of a family doing piecework. B) Lure of western lands. C) Right to move to another job. D) Industrial slavery. E) Labor of apprentices in exchange for training

Right to move to another job.

Which one of the following was NOT true of family mills? A) More than one worker per family was usually a necessity. B) The economic benefits to the community were considerable. C) Rural farming communities welcomed mill communities. D) Almost 50 percent of the workforce left each year. E) Children made up 50 percent of workers.

Rural farming communities welcomed mill communities.

Many of the first strikes in American labor history were led by A) Irish immigrants. B) Rural women workers. C) Apprentices. D) Socialists. E) Middle class reformers

Rural women workers.

This individual left England illegally and brought his cotton spinning machine construction skills to the United States: A) Moses Brown. B) Eli Whitney. C) Thomas Springer. D) Samuel Slater. E) Francis Lowell.

Samuel Slater.

The history of Lowell epitomizes this transition: A) Slave to non-slave labor. B) Working class to middle class. C) Effect of the Erie Canal on manufacturing. D) Self-sufficient farm families to urban wageworkers. E) Industrial town to ghost town

Self-sufficient farm families to urban wage workers.

As an early 1800s Cincinnati merchant, you were most likely to be financing A) Steamboat construction. B) Strip mining. C) Canal construction. D) Railroads. E) Cotton textile manufacturing

Steamboat

You are an enterprising merchant in Cincinnati in 1816 with capital to invest. You are most likely to A) Rifle manufacturing. B) Iron mills. C) Shipping. D) Steamboat industry. E) Textile mills.

Steamboat industry.

The work style changes that occurred as factory production transformed the American economy included A) A blending of work and leisure. B) The regulation of work lives by clocks and bells. C) The change from self-employment to harsh hierarchies. D) A blending of work and relaxation at the job site. E) Shorter work hours than pre-industrial sun-up to sun-down experience.

The regulation of work lives by clocks and bells.

Among the primary reasons that young farm women moved from the farm to work in textile mill towns in the early nineteenth century was: A) To find husbands. B) To pursue career goals. C) To save their families from economic collapse. D) To escape farm life and earn wages. E) To escape unhappy marriages.

To escape farm life and earn wages.

Due to the market revolution, male children of artisans and farmers were more likely to be A) Skilled craftsmen B) Factory workers. C) Brahmins. D) Manufacturers. E) White collar workers.

White collar workers.

The Lowell mills employed primarily A) Women and children. B) Male textile apprentices. C) Unemployed ship workers. D) Master craftsmen and their sons. E) Ex-military men.

Women and children.

Domestic sources of capital for emergent American industry in the early nineteenth century included: A) local banks. B) family connections. C) large merchant interests. D) Southern cotton interests. E) all of the above.

all of the above.

After the opening of the Erie Canal, the production of homespun cloth in New York: A) expanded slightly. B) declined rapidly. C) declined slightly. D) remained constant. E) expanded dramatically.

declined rapidly.

Which mode of transportation had the most dramatic impact on American economic life by 1850? A) steamship. B) ocean liner. C) railroad. D) road. E) canal.

railroad.

Canals and railroads A) were built by locally recruited labor. B) spurred the development of towns and cities along their route. C) had little immediate impact on social patterns. D) favored greater settlement of the East Coast. E) were financed mostly by private investors.

spurred the development of towns and cities along their route.