APUSH ch 12 quiz

"Yes: Mexico must be thoroughly chastised! . . . The news of yesterday [at the southern border] has added the last argument wanted to prove the necessity of an immediate Declaration of War by our government toward its southern neighbor. "We are justified in the face of the world, in having treated Mexico with more forbearance [tolerance] than we have ever yet treated an enemy. . . . We have . . . submitted thus far to a most offensive rejection of an Ambassador personifying the American nation, and waited for years without payment of the claims of our injured merchants. We have sought peace through every avenue, and shut our eyes to many things, which, had they come from England or France, the President would not have dared to pass over without stern and speedy resentment. We have dammed up our memory, of what had passed in the South [Texas] years ago—of devilish massacres of some of our bravest and noblest sons . . . in violation of all the rules of war. . . . "We think there can be no doubt of the truth of yesterday's news; and we are sure the people here, ten to one, are for prompt and hostilities. . . . Let our arms now be carried with a spirit which shall teach the world that, while we are not forward for a quarrel, America knows how to crush, as well as how to expand!" Walt Whitman, journalist and poet, editorial in the Brooklyn Eagle, 1846 "President [James K. Polk] in his message, as a pretext for sending our army to invade and conquer the country upon the Rio Grande, says: "Texas by its [legislative] act of December 19, 1836, had declared the [Rio Grande] to be the boundary of that [formerly independent] republic.' . . . The truth is that Texas had agreed upon the Nueces [River] as her boundary. . . . "If [Mexico] be ours, why does he seek to justify the taking possession of it by references to the fact that Mexico is indebted to some of our people? If it be not ours, and he has taken possession of it in order to compel Mexico to pay those debts, why not say so? The fact that Mexico has not paid the debts due to our citizens can have no legitimate connection with taking possession of [it as] our own soil. But [the president] was obviously conscious that this invasion of the Mexican territory could not be justified. . . . "When the Executive and Congress openly and avowedly took upon themselves the responsibility of extending and perpetuating slavery by the annexation of Texas, and by the total overthrow and subversion of the Constitution, . . . my confidence in the stability of our institutions was shaken, destroyed. . . . Our Union continues, but our Constitution is gone. . . . ". . . No man regards this war as just. We know, the country knows, and the civilized world are conscious, that it has resulted from a desire to extend and sustain an institution on which the curse of the Almighty most visibly rests." Joshua Giddings, congressman from Ohio, speech in the United States House of Representatives, 1846 Which of the following is a similarity between how Whitman and Giddings made their arguments? A Both used examples of Mexico's behavior to support their points. B Both sought to justify their positions to international observers. C Both drew on principles from the Constitution to make claims. D Both made religious appeals to prove their assertions.

Both sought to justify their positions to international observers.

The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following beliefs EXCEPT: A Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base. B The use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic hunting. C Westward expansion was both inevitable and beneficial. D God had selected America as a chosen land and people. E The ultimate extent of the American domain was to be from the tropics to the Arctic.

Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base.

Which of the following factors can best be used to explain the Union victory in the Civil War? A Superior military leadership, particularly early in the war B Greater population and industrial development C Stronger resilience and ideological commitment to a cause D Better understanding of contested territory and shorter supply lines to resources

Greater population and industrial development

"So many people ask me what they shall do; so few tell me what they can do.Yet this is the pivot wherein all must turn. "I believe that each of us who has his place to make should go where men are wanted, and where employment is not bestowed as alms. Of course, I say to all who are in want of work, GoWest! . . . "On the whole I say, stay where you are; do as well as you can; and devote every spare hour to making yourself familiar with the conditions and dexterity required for the efficient conservation of out-door industry in a new country. Having mastered these, gather up your family and GoWest!" Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, letter to R. L. Sanderson, 1871 The advice in the excerpt most directly reflects the influence of which of the following prevailing American ideas? A Nationalism B Popular sovereignty C Manifest Destiny D Isolationism

Manifest Destiny

Which of the following factors best explains the territorial expansion of slavery in the middle of the nineteenth century? A The belief in Manifest Destiny encouraged settlers to move to the West. B The Mexican-American War incorporated extensive new lands into the United States. C The rise of industry in the North created more demand for raw materials such as cotton. D The growing nativist movement sought to place restrictions on new immigrants.

The Mexican-American War incorporated extensive new lands into the United States.

The trend shown in the map led most directly to which of the following? A A decreasing gap in wealth because land ownership increased among White citizens B Decreasing tensions between White settlers and Native Americans because expanded United States territory undercut competition C Increasing divisions between North and South because of questions about the status of slavery in new territories D Increasing legal immigration for Asians because the United States became a Pacific Rim country

Increasing divisions between North and South because of questions about the status of slavery in new territories

In the mid-nineteenth century, the process shown in the map was advocated by supporters of which of the following ideologies? A Republicanism B Abolitionism C Progressivism D Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny

"Your Memorialist . . . represents to your honorable body, that he has devoted much time and attention to the subject of a railroad from Lake Michigan through the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and that he finds such a route practicable, the results from which would be incalculable—far beyond the imagination of man to estimate. . . . "It would enable us, in the short space of eight days (and perhaps less) to concentrate all the forces of our vast country at any point from Maine to Oregon. . . . Such easy and rapid communication with such facilities for exchanging the different products of the different parts would bring all our immensely wide spread population together. . . . "[W]ith a railroad to the Pacific, and thence to China by steamers, can be performed in thirty days, being now a distance of nearly seventeen thousand miles. . . Then the drills and sheetings of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, and other manufactures of the United States, may be transported to China in thirty days; and the teas and rich silks of China, in exchange, come back to New Orleans, to Charleston, to Washington, to Baltimore, to Philadelphia, New York, and to Boston, in thirty days more." Asa Whitney, merchant, "National Railroad, Connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean," memorial to the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, 1845 The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments? A Popular support for the idea of Manifest Destiny B The emergence of nativist political parties C The collapse of the Second Party System D The increase in sectional tensions before the Civil War

Popular support for the idea of Manifest Destiny

"Yes: Mexico must be thoroughly chastised! . . . The news of yesterday [at the southern border] has added the last argument wanted to prove the necessity of an immediate Declaration of War by our government toward its southern neighbor. "We are justified in the face of the world, in having treated Mexico with more forbearance [tolerance] than we have ever yet treated an enemy. . . . We have . . . submitted thus far to a most offensive rejection of an Ambassador personifying the American nation, and waited for years without payment of the claims of our injured merchants. We have sought peace through every avenue, and shut our eyes to many things, which, had they come from England or France, the President would not have dared to pass over without stern and speedy resentment. We have dammed up our memory, of what had passed in the South [Texas] years ago—of devilish massacres of some of our bravest and noblest sons . . . in violation of all the rules of war. . . . "We think there can be no doubt of the truth of yesterday's news; and we are sure the people here, ten to one, are for prompt and hostilities. . . . Let our arms now be carried with a spirit which shall teach the world that, while we are not forward for a quarrel, America knows how to crush, as well as how to expand!" Walt Whitman, journalist and poet, editorial in the Brooklyn Eagle, 1846 "President [James K. Polk] in his message, as a pretext for sending our army to invade and conquer the country upon the Rio Grande, says: "Texas by its [legislative] act of December 19, 1836, had declared the [Rio Grande] to be the boundary of that [formerly independent] republic.' . . . The truth is that Texas had agreed upon the Nueces [River] as her boundary. . . . "If [Mexico] be ours, why does he seek to justify the taking possession of it by references to the fact that Mexico is indebted to some of our people? If it be not ours, and he has taken possession of it in order to compel Mexico to pay those debts, why not say so? The fact that Mexico has not paid the debts due to our citizens can have no legitimate connection with taking possession of [it as] our own soil. But [the president] was obviously conscious that this invasion of the Mexican territory could not be justified. . . . "When the Executive and Congress openly and avowedly took upon themselves the responsibility of extending and perpetuating slavery by the annexation of Texas, and by the total overthrow and subversion of the Constitution, . . . my confidence in the stability of our institutions was shaken, destroyed. . . . Our Union continues, but our Constitution is gone. . . . ". . . No man regards this war as just. We know, the country knows, and the civilized world are conscious, that it has resulted from a desire to extend and sustain an institution on which the curse of the Almighty most visibly rests." Joshua Giddings, congressman from Ohio, speech in the United States House of Representatives, 1846 Which of the following comparisons best describes Whitman's and Giddings' arguments about the Mexican-American War? A Whitman believed the United States should show patience before war, while Giddings believed the country had tolerated abuses for too long without war. B Whitman argued that the war was intended to deter bad behavior, while Giddings argued that the war represented aggression by the United States. C Giddings asserted that the nation entered the war as a last resort, while Whitman asserted that the war was unnecessary to achieve the goals of the United States. D Giddings claimed that the war had popular support in the United States, while Whitman claimed that most Americans opposed the war.

Whitman argued that the war was intended to deter bad behavior, while Giddings argued that the war represented aggression by the United States.

The acquisition of territory in the southwestern region shown in the map intensified controversies in the United States about A granting free land in the new territories B rights to mineral wealth and resources in the new territories C extending citizenship to people already in the territories D allowing slavery in the new territories

allowing slavery in the new territories

In the first half of the nineteenth century, a major consequence of United States expansionism was A increased sectional discord, accompanied by the growing failure of compromise B the need for a strong military to protect the newly gained territory C increased concentration of the slave population along the Atlantic seaboard D a large overseas market for goods manufactured in New England E increased popular support for the Whig Party

increased sectional discord, accompanied by the growing failure of compromise

The goal of the American Colonization society was to A return freed slaves to Africa B recruit immigrant labor for American factories C assimilate recent immigrants into American society D extend United States influence to overseas colonies E promotes western expansion by funding internal improvements

return freed slaves to Africa

The territorial changes shown in the southwestern region of the map most directly resulted from A treaties made with American Indian nations B the purchase of land from France and Spain C the Spanish-American War D the Mexican-American War

the Mexican-American War

The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for A the prohibition of slavery in Louisiana Purchase territory B the primacy of federal law over state-legislated Black Codes C the abolition of the international slave trade D the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War E federal return of fugitive slaves

the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War

Which of the following ideas contributed most directly to the territorial changes shown in the map? A Abolitionism B Manifest Destiny C Popular sovereignty D Containment

Manifest Destiny

The United States gained which of the following from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 ? A An undisputed claim to Oregon B Control of the sugar trade with Cuba C Possession of California and most of the Southwest D Possession of the Philippines E The right to construct a canal across the Isthmus of Panama

Possession of California and most of the Southwest

At the beginning of the Civil War, Southerners expressed all of the following expectations EXCEPT: A The materialism of the North would prevent Northerners from fighting an idealistic war. B Great Britain would intervene on the side of the South in order to preserve its source of cotton. C Northern unity in the struggle against the Southern states would eventually break. D The South's superior industrial resources would give it an advantage over the North. E The justice of the South's cause would prevail.

The South's superior industrial resources would give it an advantage over the North.

Which of the following factors contributed most directly to the end of slavery in the United States? A The movement of settlers to the West created new economic opportunities. B The arrival of immigrants from Europe and Asia provided an expanded labor force. C The advocacy of slavery as central to the South's economy fostered a unique regional culture. D The Union victory in the Civil War led to the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.

The Union victory in the Civil War led to the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.

"Yes: Mexico must be thoroughly chastised! . . . The news of yesterday [at the southern border] has added the last argument wanted to prove the necessity of an immediate Declaration of War by our government toward its southern neighbor. "We are justified in the face of the world, in having treated Mexico with more forbearance [tolerance] than we have ever yet treated an enemy. . . . We have . . . submitted thus far to a most offensive rejection of an Ambassador personifying the American nation, and waited for years without payment of the claims of our injured merchants. We have sought peace through every avenue, and shut our eyes to many things, which, had they come from England or France, the President would not have dared to pass over without stern and speedy resentment. We have dammed up our memory, of what had passed in the South [Texas] years ago—of devilish massacres of some of our bravest and noblest sons . . . in violation of all the rules of war. . . . "We think there can be no doubt of the truth of yesterday's news; and we are sure the people here, ten to one, are for prompt and hostilities. . . . Let our arms now be carried with a spirit which shall teach the world that, while we are not forward for a quarrel, America knows how to crush, as well as how to expand!" Walt Whitman, journalist and poet, editorial in the Brooklyn Eagle, 1846 "President [James K. Polk] in his message, as a pretext for sending our army to invade and conquer the country upon the Rio Grande, says: "Texas by its [legislative] act of December 19, 1836, had declared the [Rio Grande] to be the boundary of that [formerly independent] republic.' . . . The truth is that Texas had agreed upon the Nueces [River] as her boundary. . . . "If [Mexico] be ours, why does he seek to justify the taking possession of it by references to the fact that Mexico is indebted to some of our people? If it be not ours, and he has taken possession of it in order to compel Mexico to pay those debts, why not say so? The fact that Mexico has not paid the debts due to our citizens can have no legitimate connection with taking possession of [it as] our own soil. But [the president] was obviously conscious that this invasion of the Mexican territory could not be justified. . . . "When the Executive and Congress openly and avowedly took upon themselves the responsibility of extending and perpetuating slavery by the annexation of Texas, and by the total overthrow and subversion of the Constitution, . . . my confidence in the stability of our institutions was shaken, destroyed. . . . Our Union continues, but our Constitution is gone. . . . ". . . No man regards this war as just. We know, the country knows, and the civilized world are conscious, that it has resulted from a desire to extend and sustain an institution on which the curse of the Almighty most visibly rests." Joshua Giddings, congressman from Ohio, speech in the United States House of Representatives, 1846 Based on their arguments in the excerpts, Giddings would likely agree with and Whitman would likely disagree with which of the following claims about the causes of the Mexican-American War? A The United States sought the repayment of Mexican debts. B Mexico had killed Americans during a previous conflict in Texas. C The United States desired to expand slavery to Mexican territory. D Mexico had sent soldiers across the southern border of the United States.

The United States desired to expand slavery to Mexican territory.

Which of the following was a common justification in the United States for the trend depicted in the map? A The interest in greater access to trade with the British colonies in the Americas B The desire for better relations with Mexico C The intention to assimilate Plains Indians into White society D The belief in White cultural and political superiority

The belief in White cultural and political superiority

"Your Memorialist . . . represents to your honorable body, that he has devoted much time and attention to the subject of a railroad from Lake Michigan through the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and that he finds such a route practicable, the results from which would be incalculable—far beyond the imagination of man to estimate. . . . "It would enable us, in the short space of eight days (and perhaps less) to concentrate all the forces of our vast country at any point from Maine to Oregon. . . . Such easy and rapid communication with such facilities for exchanging the different products of the different parts would bring all our immensely wide spread population together. . . . "[W]ith a railroad to the Pacific, and thence to China by steamers, can be performed in thirty days, being now a distance of nearly seventeen thousand miles. . . Then the drills and sheetings of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, and other manufactures of the United States, may be transported to China in thirty days; and the teas and rich silks of China, in exchange, come back to New Orleans, to Charleston, to Washington, to Baltimore, to Philadelphia, New York, and to Boston, in thirty days more." Asa Whitney, merchant, "National Railroad, Connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean," memorial to the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, 1845 Sentiments of business leaders and politicians like that expressed in the excerpt most likely contributed to which of the following? A Widespread acceptance of moral reform movements B The creation of diplomatic ties with foreign nations C A sharp decline in immigration from European countries D A fostering of new religious understanding

The creation of diplomatic ties with foreign nations

Which of the following contributed most significantly to a surge in western settlement during the 1860s and 1870s? A Dry seasons turned fertile land to semidesert and made real estate inexpensive. B A strong military eliminated attacks by Native Americans. C The expansion of railroads made the Great Plains more accessible. D The novels of romantics like Hamlin Garland glorified western life. E Government funding for irrigation projects made farms more profitable.

The expansion of railroads made the Great Plains more accessible.

"So many people ask me what they shall do; so few tell me what they can do.Yet this is the pivot wherein all must turn. "I believe that each of us who has his place to make should go where men are wanted, and where employment is not bestowed as alms. Of course, I say to all who are in want of work, GoWest! . . . "On the whole I say, stay where you are; do as well as you can; and devote every spare hour to making yourself familiar with the conditions and dexterity required for the efficient conservation of out-door industry in a new country. Having mastered these, gather up your family and GoWest!" Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, letter to R. L. Sanderson, 1871 Which of the following late-nineteenth-century federal actions most directly supported the ideas expressed in the excerpt? A The passage of antitrust legislation B The sale of land to settlers at low cost C The exclusion of immigrants from Asia D The purchase of silver by the United States Treasury

The sale of land to settlers at low cost

All of the following contributed to Northern fear of a slave power conspiracy in the 1840s and 1850s EXCEPT the A enforcement of a new fugitive slave law B decision of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case C imposition of a gag rule in the House of Representatives D proposal of the Ostend Manifesto E passage of the Wilmot Proviso

passage of the Wilmot Proviso

"Your Memorialist . . . represents to your honorable body, that he has devoted much time and attention to the subject of a railroad from Lake Michigan through the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and that he finds such a route practicable, the results from which would be incalculable—far beyond the imagination of man to estimate. . . . "It would enable us, in the short space of eight days (and perhaps less) to concentrate all the forces of our vast country at any point from Maine to Oregon. . . . Such easy and rapid communication with such facilities for exchanging the different products of the different parts would bring all our immensely wide spread population together. . . . "[W]ith a railroad to the Pacific, and thence to China by steamers, can be performed in thirty days, being now a distance of nearly seventeen thousand miles. . . Then the drills and sheetings of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, and other manufactures of the United States, may be transported to China in thirty days; and the teas and rich silks of China, in exchange, come back to New Orleans, to Charleston, to Washington, to Baltimore, to Philadelphia, New York, and to Boston, in thirty days more." Asa Whitney, merchant, "National Railroad, Connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean," memorial to the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, 1845 Which of the following most directly contributed to the request expressed in the excerpt? A The removal of Native Americans east of the Mississippi B The passage of legislation ending the international slave trade C The desire for international trade and access to global markets D The expansion of westward settlement following the Civil War

The desire for international trade and access to global markets