APUSH Ch. 4 Review
need to take refuge from persecution
"Joseph Smith... came from nowhere. Reared in a poor Yankee farm family, he had less than two years of formal schooling and began life, Richard Lyman Bushman, historian, Joseph Smith Rough Stone Rolling: A Cultural Biography of Mormonism's Founder, 2005 Based on the excerpt, the westward migration by the Mormons in the 1830s and 1840s was most likely motivated by the
The Second Great Awakening
"Joseph Smith... came from nowhere. Reared in a poor Yankee farm family, he had less than two years of formal schooling and began life, Richard Lyman Bushman, historian, Joseph Smith Rough Stone Rolling: A Cultural Biography of Mormonism's Founder, 2005 The developments described in the excerpt best illustrate which of the following?
Conflicts over how the Constitution should be implemented and interpreted
"Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind. Let us restore to social intercourse that harmony and affection without which liberty and even life itself are but dreary things. Thomas Jefferson, first inaugural address, 1801 The excerpt best reflects which of the following?
To give Congress additional constitutional powers
"Louisiana as ceded by France is made part of the United States. Congress may make part of the United States other adjacent territories which shall be justly acquired. James Madison, secretary of state, proposed constitutional amendment [not passed], 1803 Which of the following best describes a major purpose of the proposed amendment?
The federal government sought to acquire more western land in North America.
"Louisiana as ceded by France is made part of the United States. Congress may make part of the United States other adjacent territories which shall be justly acquired. James Madison, secretary of state, proposed constitutional amendment [not passed], 1803 Which of the following best describes the historical situation in which the amendment was proposed?
Advocates of limiting federal powers to those specifically written into the Constitution
"Louisiana as ceded by France is made part of the United States. Congress may make part of the United States other adjacent territories which shall be justly acquired. James Madison, secretary of state, proposed constitutional amendment [not passed], 1803 Which of the following groups would mostly likely have supported this proposed amendment?
The development of regional cultures increasingly defined by the presence of enslaved people
"Not far from this time Nat Turner's insurrection [a slave rebellion] broke out; and the news threw our town into great commotion. . . . Harriet Ann Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published in 1861, describing events earlier in the nineteenth century The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments?
The slave system gave poor White citizens the feeling of social superiority over free and enslaved African Americans in a culture where African Americans held little power.
"Not far from this time Nat Turner's insurrection [a slave rebellion] broke out; and the news threw our town into great commotion. . . . Harriet Ann Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published in 1861, describing events earlier in the nineteenth century Which of the following claims best aligns with the evidence in the excerpt about the relationship between enslaved African Americans and White Southern citizens?
Additional restrictions were placed on enslaved and free African Americans.
"Not far from this time Nat Turner's insurrection [a slave rebellion] broke out; and the news threw our town into great commotion. . . . Harriet Ann Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published in 1861, describing events earlier in the nineteenth century Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the excerpt's depiction of reactions to slave rebellions?
The immorality of slavery had a widespread corrupting effect on Southern culture.
"Not far from this time Nat Turner's insurrection [a slave rebellion] broke out; and the news threw our town into great commotion. . . . Harriet Ann Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published in 1861, describing events earlier in the nineteenth century Which of the following statements would an abolitionist claim supported the ideas expressed in the excerpt?
The market revolution
"Probably no other individual [than Cornelius Vanderbilt, 1794-1877] made an equal impact over such an extended period on America's economy and society. . . . T. J. Stiles, historian, The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt, 2009 Actions like Vanderbilt's most directly built upon which of the following?
The development of railroads
"Probably no other individual [than Cornelius Vanderbilt, 1794-1877] made an equal impact over such an extended period on America's economy and society. . . . T. J. Stiles, historian, The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt, 2009 Which of the following could best be used as evidence to support the argument that those like Vanderbilt contributed to a "transformation of the very geography of the United States" in the mid-1800s?
achieving the right to vote
"Resolved, That woman is man's equal.... Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions (Seneca Falls Convention), 1848 In the decades following the Civil War, the woman's rights movement that began at Seneca Falls focused its energies most strongly on
Declaration of Independence
"Resolved, That woman is man's equal.... Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions (Seneca Falls Convention), 1848 The language and themes of the excerpt were most directly inspired by the
abolitionism
"Resolved, That woman is man's equal.... Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions (Seneca Falls Convention), 1848 Which other "righteous cause" would participants in the Seneca Falls Convention have been most likely to support?
The emergence of new ideas about the proper roles of husbands and wives
"Few historians would dispute that the market revolution brought substantial material benefits to most northeasterners, urban and rural.... Sean Wilentz, historian, "Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848," published in 1997 Which of the following cultural and social shifts resulted most directly from the trends described in the excerpt?
The emergence of new forms of transportation
"Few historians would dispute that the market revolution brought substantial material benefits to most northeasterners, urban and rural.... Sean Wilentz, historian, "Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848," published in 1997 Which of the following historical developments contributed most directly to the market revolution?
obtaining positions in textile mills
"Few wives in antebellum America enjoyed a life free from labor. Family life depended on the smooth performance of an extensive array of unpaid occupations in the household, and on the presence . . . Jeanne Boydston, historian, Home and Work, 1990 During the first half of the nineteenth century, some women increasingly "bolster[ed] the household income," as described in the excerpt, by
The market revolution
"Few wives in antebellum America enjoyed a life free from labor. Family life depended on the smooth performance of an extensive array of unpaid occupations in the household, and on the presence . . . Jeanne Boydston, historian, Home and Work, 1990 Which of the following most directly contributed to the situation described in the excerpt?
The emergence of a national culture
"Free should the scholar be,—free and brave. . . . We have listened too long to the courtly muses of Europe. . . . Ralph Waldo Emerson, transcendentalist writer, 1837 Emerson's remarks in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments during the early nineteenth century?
The expansion of participatory democracy in the Progressive Era
"Free should the scholar be,—free and brave. . . . We have listened too long to the courtly muses of Europe. . . . Ralph Waldo Emerson, transcendentalist writer, 1837 Which of the following developments best represents a logical extension of the ideas expressed in the excerpt?
Second Great Awakening in the 1830s
"I conceive there lies a clear rule... that the elder women should instruct the younger and then I must have a time wherein I must do it Anne Hutchinson, 1630s The emphasis on personal salvation, which Hutchinson articulated in the 1630s, was most strongly echoed in which later movement?
The antislavery movement of the 1840s, when women asserted their right to speak on behalf of the cause
"I conceive there lies a clear rule... that the elder women should instruct the younger and then I must have a time wherein I must do it Anne Hutchinson, 1630s The ideas expressed in the excerpts have the most in common with which of the following?
As many people came to see slavery as part of the Southern way of life, attitudes on both sides of the slavery argument hardened so that political compromise became difficult.
"I do not belong, said Mr. [Calhoun], to the school which holds that aggression is to be met by concession. . . . Source: South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun, speech in the United States Senate, 1837. The ideas expressed by John C. Calhoun and others who shared his views on slavery had which of the following effects on emerging abolitionist movements in the years leading up to the Civil War?
Slave rebellions in Haiti, South Carolina, and Virginia had made many leaders in the South fear that enslaved African Americans could harm them.
"I do not belong, said Mr. [Calhoun], to the school which holds that aggression is to be met by concession. . . . Source: South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun, speech in the United States Senate, 1837. Which of the following most contributed to slaveholders such as Calhoun arguing in the 1830s and 1840s that slavery should be viewed as part of the Southern way of life?
Slaveholders became more insistent that maintaining the slave system was essential to protecting the South and its way of life.
"I do not belong, said Mr. [Calhoun], to the school which holds that aggression is to be met by concession. . . . Source: South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun, speech in the United States Senate, 1837. Which of the following resulted from arguments made by Southern politicians, such as the one in the excerpt, in the years prior to the Civil War?
Immigrants formed an important part of the manufacturing workforce.
"In August 1865, the photographer Marcus Ormsbee... took a formal portrait of several groups of craft workers in their different shops.... Sean Wilentz, historian, Chants Democratic, 1984 Which of the following is one important continuity in urban life in the United States throughout the nineteenth century?
The emergence of a new and distinctive American culture
"It is not only important, but, in a degree necessary, that the people of this country, should have an American Dictionary, Noah Webster, "Preface," An American Dictionary of the English Language, 1828 The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations in the early 1800s?
The growing tendency among Southern slaveholders to justify slavery as a positive good
"Still, though a slaveholder, I freely acknowledge my obligations as a man; and I am bound to treat humanely the fellow creatures whom God has entrusted to my charge. ... — Frederick Douglass, speech titled "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," 1852 The excerpt from James Henry Hammond is most clearly an example of which of the following developments in the mid-19th century?
The Second Great Awakening
"Still, though a slaveholder, I freely acknowledge my obligations as a man; and I am bound to treat humanely the fellow creatures whom God has entrusted to my charge. ... — Frederick Douglass, speech titled "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," 1852 The language used in both excerpts most directly reflects the influence of which of the following?
Northern abolitionists
"Still, though a slaveholder, I freely acknowledge my obligations as a man; and I am bound to treat humanely the fellow creatures whom God has entrusted to my charge. ... — Frederick Douglass, speech titled "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," 1852 Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the perspective of Frederick Douglass in the excerpt?
The expansion of access to markets
"The Erie Canal poured into New York City [wealth] far exceeding that which its early friends predicted. . . . John Lauritz Larson, historian, Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States, 2001 The excerpt best illustrates which of the following developments?
The opposition of some political leaders to providing federal funds for public works
"The Erie Canal poured into New York City [wealth] far exceeding that which its early friends predicted. . . . John Lauritz Larson, historian, Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States, 2001 Which of the following developments in the early nineteenth century could best be used as evidence to support the argument in the second paragraph of the excerpt?
The political debates over economic development
"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following in the early 1800s?
C The United States should increase domestic manufacturing to promote prosperity.
"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Which of the following describes an interpretation of Clay's economic principles at the time as expressed in the excerpt?
Clay's manufacturing plan would benefit one section of the country more than others.
"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Which of the following was an interpretation of the speech by opponents of the goals Clay expressed in the excerpt?
The overcultivation of the soil
"The expansion of the South [from 1800 to 1850] across the Appalachians and the Mississippi River to the fringes of the high plains was one of the great American folk wanderings. Albert E. Cowdrey, historian, This Land, This South: An Environmental History, 1983 Which of the following contributed most directly to the population movement described in the excerpt?
Its supporters held the moral and religious high ground.
"The great increase of drunkenness, within the last half century, among the people of the United States, led a number of philanthropic individuals . . . Introduction to a book of reports from the American Temperance Society, 1835 The American Temperance Society used which of the following evidence in the excerpt to explain why it believed the temperance movement would be successful?
The emergence of reform movements during the Second Great Awakening
"The great increase of drunkenness, within the last half century, among the people of the United States, led a number of philanthropic individuals . . . Introduction to a book of reports from the American Temperance Society, 1835 The sentiments described in the excerpt best reflect which of the following developments?
Alcohol consumption damaged people's physical and emotional well-being.
"The great increase of drunkenness, within the last half century, among the people of the United States, led a number of philanthropic individuals . . . Introduction to a book of reports from the American Temperance Society, 1835 Which of the following evidence did the American Temperance Society in the excerpt use to support its argument about the need for the temperance movement?
The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the movement's goals.
"The great increase of drunkenness, within the last half century, among the people of the United States, led a number of philanthropic individuals . . . Introduction to a book of reports from the American Temperance Society, 1835 Which of the following evidence was used by the American Temperance Society in the excerpt to explain why people would join the temperance movement?
The adoption of plans for gradual emancipation in the North
"The petition of a great number of blacks detained in a state of slavery in the bowels of a free and Christian country humbly showeth that... Petition for freedom to the Massachusetts Council and the House of Representatives for the State of Massachusetts, January 1777 The ideas expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to which of the following?
importance of liberal ideas about natural rights and liberties
"It is not only important, but, in a degree necessary, that the people of this country, should have an American Dictionary, Noah Webster, "Preface," An American Dictionary of the English Language, 1828 The historical concept of the American identity, as characterized in the excerpt, was most clearly distinguished from the identities of other nations by the
European precedents along with an American national culture
"It is not only important, but, in a degree necessary, that the people of this country, should have an American Dictionary, Noah Webster, "Preface," An American Dictionary of the English Language, 1828 The national identity described in the excerpt most strongly reflects the influence of which of the following?
Puritans in New England
"Joseph Smith... came from nowhere. Reared in a poor Yankee farm family, he had less than two years of formal schooling and began life, Richard Lyman Bushman, historian, Joseph Smith Rough Stone Rolling: A Cultural Biography of Mormonism's Founder, 2005 The goals of the Mormons, as described in the excerpt, were most like the goals of which of the following colonial groups?
Europe
"The expansion of the South [from 1800 to 1850] across the Appalachians and the Mississippi River to the fringes of the high plains was one of the great American folk wanderings, Albert E. Cowdrey, historian, This Land, This South: An Environmental History, 1983 The economic growth of the South relied primarily on the export of goods to which of the following?
The Second Great Awakening in the first half of the 1800s
"As the early years at Hull House show, female participation in that area of reform grew out of a set of needs and values peculiar to middle class women in the late nineteeth and early twentieth century. — Robyn Muncy, historian, Creating a Female Dominion in American Reform, 1890-1935, published in 1991 Settlement house work as described by Muncy had the most in common with women's activism during which of the following earlier periods?
The emergence of sectional tensions over the admission of the state of Missouri
The patterns of settlement shown in the map culminated in which of the following national crisises by 1820?
The creation of the Monroe Doctrine
"To the Commanders of armed vessels belonging to the United States: Thomas Jefferson, 1802 The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following?
Immigrants from western Europe
In the 1850s, which of the following groups would have been most likely to benefit from the changes depicted on the maps?
the Louisiana Purchase
The area marked X on the map was part of
William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator
The call for the "immediate and uncompensated emancipation of the slaves" is associated with the position of
strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions
The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it
Sustained population growth after the American Revolution
Which of the following most directly contributed to the spread of settlement depicted on the map?
Women were the moral and spiritual strength of the family. yhju8
The picture above best expresses which of the following middle-class views about women in the mid-nineteenth century?
Most southern families held slaves.
The graph above refutes which of the following statements?
Midwest and Northeast
The majority of immigrants who arrived in the United States between 1821 and 1880 settled in the...
The use of federal government funding for internal improvements
"A bank of the United States is in many respects convenient for the Government and useful to the people. Entertaining this opinion, and deeply impressed with the belief that some of the powers and privileges, President Andrew Jackson, Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States, 1832 People who shared the views expressed in the excerpt most likely opposed which of the following?
The formation of new political parties
"A bank of the United States is in many respects convenient for the Government and useful to the people. Entertaining this opinion, and deeply impressed with the belief that some of the powers and privileges, President Andrew Jackson, Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States, 1832 The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments during the first half of the nineteenth century?
The debates over the federal government's proper role had intensified during the early nineteenth century.
"A bank of the United States is in many respects convenient for the Government and useful to the people. Entertaining this opinion, and deeply impressed with the belief that some of the powers and privileges, President Andrew Jackson, Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States, 1832 Which of the following factors best supports the argument in the excerpt?
Using federal power to forcibly relocate American Indian groups
"A bank of the United States is in many respects convenient for the Government and useful to the people. Entertaining this opinion, and deeply impressed with the belief that some of the powers and privileges, President Andrew Jackson, Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States, 1832 Which of the following of Jackson's policies undermined his position as described in the excerpt?
Members of the Democratic Party
"As [political leader Henry] Clay envisioned it [in the 1820s], the American System constituted the... basis for social improvement.... Daniel Walker Howe, historian, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, published in 2007 Based on the excerpt, which of the following groups would have been most likely to oppose Henry Clay's ideas?
rise of political parties defined largely by regional interests
"As [political leader Henry] Clay envisioned it [in the 1820s], the American System constituted the... basis for social improvement.... Daniel Walker Howe, historian, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, published in 2007 One major change in United States politics from the 1820s to the mid-1850s was the
More Americans producing goods for national markets
"As [political leader Henry] Clay envisioned it [in the 1820s], the American System constituted the... basis for social improvement.... Daniel Walker Howe, historian, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, published in 2007 The ideas described in the excerpt contributed most directly to which of the following?
Innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts
"As [political leader Henry] Clay envisioned it [in the 1820s], the American System constituted the... basis for social improvement.... Daniel Walker Howe, historian, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, published in 2007 Which of the following most directly made possible the ideas described in the excerpt?
Increases in the federal tariff in the 1820s
"Be it enacted ... That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America ... — English Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696 The goals presented in the excerpt from the act have the most in common with which of the following?
extent of federal government authority
"The river Missouri, and the Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as is rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, President Thomas Jefferson, secret message to Congress, January 1803 The activities Jefferson advocates in the message represent a departure from his earlier views on the
The purchase of the Louisiana territory from France
"The river Missouri, and the Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as is rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, President Thomas Jefferson, secret message to Congress, January 1803 The fulfillment of Jefferson's proposal in the excerpt would be used to support which of the following executive acts?
prompting American Indian resistance to United States expansion and bringing about new federal government efforts focused on control
"The river Missouri, and the Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as is rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, President Thomas Jefferson, secret message to Congress, January 1803 The fulfillment of the proposal in the excerpt would most immediately affect American Indians by
extending United States influence over North America
"The river Missouri, and the Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as is rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, President Thomas Jefferson, secret message to Congress, January 1803 The immediate diplomatic goal Jefferson sought through his proposal in the excerpt was most likely
The vision of the United States as an agricultural republic
"The river Missouri, and the Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as is rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, President Thomas Jefferson, secret message to Congress, January 1803 Which of the following broader ideas did Jefferson most directly seek to advance through his administration's policies?
establishing trade routes
"To the Commanders of armed vessels belonging to the United States: Thomas Jefferson, 1802 President Jefferson sought the protections described in the excerpt most likely for the purpose of
Using international commerce to expand United States influence
"To the Commanders of armed vessels belonging to the United States: Thomas Jefferson, 1802 The rhetorical purpose expressed in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following?
The belief of some mid-nineteenth-century reformers that women could act as the moral voice in society
"To turn the administration of our civic affairs wholly over to men, Jane Addams, "Why Women Should Vote," Ladies' Home Journal, 1910 Addams' ideas expressed in the excerpt have most in common with which of the following historical views about women?
relationship between the federal government and the states
"We, therefore, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain... South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, 1832 South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, 1832 The ideas expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly from a larger intellectual debate over the
prioritized regional interests
"We, therefore, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain... South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, 1832 The excerpt most directly expresses an economic perspective that
The development of a national culture and national identity
"What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution, John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815 Which of the following aspects of life in the United States in the early nineteenth century most likely influenced Adams' recollection of Revolutionary events?
home as a refuge from the world rather than as a productive unit
The drawing above has been cited as evidence of the nineteenth-century middle-class view of the
legislative creation of socialist commonwealth
Most Progressives sought all of the following EXCEPT the
Data showing changes in the number of textile mills
Sean Wilentz, historian, "Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848," published in 1997 Which of the following pieces of historical evidence from the United States census could best be used to support the argument in the excerpt?
The creation of more interconnected and efficient markets for consumer goods
The change depicted on the maps most directly contributed to which of the following?
passage of the Missouri Compromise
The map above shows the United States immediately following the
The greater separation of home and workplace during the first decades of the nineteenth century
Women's libbers do not speak for the majority of American women. American women do not want to be liberated from husbands and children. We do not want to trade our birthright of the special privileges of American women— Phyllis Schlafly, "What's Wrong with 'Equal Rights' for Women?," 1972 The ideas in the excerpt about women's roles in society have the most in common with ideas associated with which of the following?
To portray William Henry Harrison as a common man
What was the purpose behind the publication of the 1840 illustration above?
the principles of American government were above party politics
When Thomas Jefferson said in 1801, "We are all republicans - we are all federalists," he meant that
The building of canals and roads
Which of the following most directly contributed to the change over time depicted on the two maps?
The transformation of the United States into an industrial society
Which of the following most directly contributed to the overall trend depicted in the graph?
American Indians maintained sovereign control over those regions.
Which of the following most likely accounts for the limits of United States settlement in portions of North Carolina and Georgia depicted on the map?