APUSH Chapter 1 vocabulary
Anasazis
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corn/maize
Development of corn or "maize" around 5,000 B.C. in Mexico was revolutionary in that...Then, people didn't have to be hunter-gatherers, they could settle down and be farmers. This fact gave rise to towns and then cities. Corn arrived in the present day U.S. around 1,200 B.C.
Mound Builders
These people built huge ceremonial and burial mounds and were located in the Ohio Valley. Cahokia, near East St. Louis today, held 40,000 people.
Bartholomeu Dias
An early Portuguese explorer who traveled down the coast of Africa in search of a water route to Asia. He managed to round the southern tip of Africa in 1488, now the Cape of Good Hope.
Columban Exchange
It was a trade system between Europe and the New World. In this system, they traded goods, animals, and diseases (accidentally). The main imports to the New World were horses, smallpox, and sugar cane. The main imports to the Old World were tomatoes, potatoes, and maize. (Pg: 14-15)
Vinland
The 1st Europeans to come to America were the Norse (Vikings from Norway). Around 1,000 A.D., the Vikings landed, led by Erik the Red and Leif Erikson. They landed in "Newfoundland" or "Vinland" (due to all of the vines). However, these men left America and left no written record and therefore didn't get the credit. The only record is found in Viking sagas or songs. The Christian Crusaders of Middle Ages fought in Palestine to regain the Holy Land from Muslims. This mixing of East and West created a sweet-tooth where Europeans wanted the spices of the exotic East.
Prince Henry the Navigator
- Opened a new way to rich Asian trade - Succeeded in opening up a long sea route around South Africa's Cape of Good Hope. - Use his power to search for riches abroad and to spread the influence of the Roman Catholic Church to new overseas dominions. -Voyages of exploration sponsored by Portugal's Prince Henry the Navigator eventually succeeded in opening up a long sea route around South Africa's Cape of Good Hope. In 1498, the Portuguese sea captain Vasco de Gama was the first European to reach India by this route.
Treaty of Tordesillas
1494: Portugal and Spain feuded over who got what land. The Pope drew this line as he was respected by both. The line ran North-South, and chopped off the Brazilian coast of South America Portugal got everything east of the line (Brazil and land around/under Africa) Spain got everything west of the line (which turned out to be much more, though they didn't know it at the time)
Marco Polo
An Italian who traveled to China and stirred up a storm of European interest. Mixed with desire for spices, an East to West (Asia to Europe) trade flourished but had to be overland, at least in part. This initiated new exploration down around Africa in hopes of an easier (all water) route. Portugal literally started a sailing school to find better ways to get to the "Spice Islands," eventually rounding Africa's southern Cape of Good Hope.
Land Bridge
As the Great Ice Age diminished, so did the glaciers over North America. The theory holds that a "Land Bridge" emerged linking Asia & North America across what's today the Bering Sea. People were said to have walked across the "bridge" before the sea level rose and sealed it off and thus populated the Americas. The Land Bridge is suggested as occurring an estimated 35,000 years ago.
Christopher Columbus
Columbus spent eight years seeking financial support for his plan to sail west from Europe to the Indies. In 1492, Isabella and Ferdinand agreed to outfit three ships for Columbus. They decided to make Columbus governor, admiral, and viceroy of all the land that he would claim for Spain. Columbus sailed from the Canary Islands on September 6th, 1492 and he landed in the Bahamas on October 12th. Columbus died in 1506, still believing that he had found a western route to Asia.
Iroquois Conferedation
Hiawatha was the legendary leader of the group. The Iroquois Confederation was a group of 5 tribes in New York state. They were matrilineal as authority and possessions passed down through the female line. Each tribe kept their independence, but met occasionally to discuss matters of common interest, like war/defense. This was not the norm. Usually, Indians were scattered and separated (and thus weak).
Vasco da Gama
In 1498, the Portuguese sea captain Vasco de Gama was the first European to reach India by this route (Cape of Good Hope route).
Ferdinand of Aragon/Isabella of Castile
Isabella was the queen of Castille in the 1490's, and Ferdinand was the king of Aragon in the 1490's. In 1492, Isabella and Ferdinand succeded in defeating the Moors of Granda, and under their rule they united their separate Christain kingdoms. They then sponsored Columbus' trip to the East, giving him three ships (Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria).
Papal Line of Demarcation
Part of the Treaty of Tordesillas, In 1493, the pope drew a vertical, north-south line on a world map, giving Spain all lands to the west of the line and Portugal all lands to the east.
Pueblo Culture
The Pueblos were the 1st American corn growers. They lived in adobe houses (dried mud) and pueblos ("villages" in Spanish). Pueblos are villages of cubicle shaped adobe houses, stacked one on top the other and often beneath cliffs. They had elaborate irrigation systems to draw water away from rivers to grown corn.
Incans/Mayas/Aztecs
Tirbes that traversed across the land bridge...Incas - Peru, with elaborate network of roads and bridges linking their empire. Mayas - Yucatan Peninsula, with their step pyramids. Aztecs - Mexico, with step pyramids and huge sacrifices of conquered peoples.
Conquistadores
spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain