APUSH Chapter 10-16
Louisiana Purchase
1800: Napoleon obtained Louisiana from spain, Napoleon/France offered all of Louisiana, including NO for $15 million ..., TJ reluctantly purchases Louisiana and it doubles the size of America
Henry Clay
A leader of war hawks, was for the tariff of 1816, had the american system, and proposed the Missouri Compromise , he was the great compromiser and helped keep the peace in the US
Loose Construction vs. Strict Construction
AH- for the bank :Loose or boarder interruption of the const., The Elastic Clause, Granted congress implied powers"to pass laws that were necessary and proper, Gov't would control the BUS TJ- Against the bank:Strict interpretation of the const, Argued the const. didn't allow for the creation of the BUS, It would be unconstitutional and the banking issues should go with the states and be a state power
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Act, Increased the residency requirement for citizenship from 5 To 14, President now has power to detain and/or deport aliens in times of war, Sedition Act, Made it illegal to criticize the President or Congress, Imposed a heavy fine or threat of imprisonment, Impacted editors and newspapers, Attempted by the feds to silence the DR's, Reaction from Democratic-Republicans? Angry about sedition acts
Battle of New Orleans
Andrew Jackson was the winning American general, Results- Impressive American victory and Americans kept control of the MS river, However...the battle was completely UNNECESSARY!, It was fought 2 weeks after the signing of the peace treaty, Jackson was a war hero
Marbury vs. Madison
Case went to supreme court, started because of Marbury sueing because of his judgeship being blocked, was the first law that was passed by Congress and was ruled unconstitutional, established Judicial review
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
DR's encouraged states to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts, VA, KY=only 2 states to pass resolutions to overturn the acts, Used "compact theory" argument, The writers of the resolutions?- Jefferson and Madison
ESSAY
ESSAY
Treaty of Ghent
Ended the War of 1812, Ghent, Belgium, Dec 24, 1814, All conquered territory was returned, Means stalemate- no one won or lost
Tariff of 1816
First fully protective tariff in American history, Purpose: Protect the new American industry, Protect American economy from cheap British goods, Lots of reaction to the tariff....Sectional crisis, Southern states and farmers didn't like the tariffs as well as merchants from New England
Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
GW sides with AH....TJ was furious (he stays neutral),We were not ready to get involved in any international conflict= good idea from GW,Both countries(Britain And France) were not happy with us
War Hawks
Group of new, young D=R congressmen, 2 leaders: Henry Clay (KY), John C. Calhoun (SC), Took seats in Congress in 1811, Urged a war with Britain since it would finally clear Britain's influence from North America, From south and west
XYZ Affair
Increasing tensions with France,Jay's treaty, How does Adams try to fix the situation?- he sends a delegation to Paris in 1797, Delegation was approached by 3 French agents X, Y, and Z, The 3 agents demanded large sums of $$$ In order to talk to French officials, American Reaction-ANGER, Significance- the american press dubbed it the XYZ affair
Corrupt Bargain of 1824
JQA appoints Clay as - Sec of State, Jackson cries foul!
Death of the Bank of the United States
Jackson: against the bank, Vowed to kill that monster bank; Considered it a monopoly, Rivals with Nicholas Biddle-the BUS president, All federal funds were removed from the BUS, Deposited in various state banks called Pet banks, The US would not have a national bank until the civil war
Trail of Tears
Jackson: incensed....takes matters into his own hands and has the cherokee removed, Trail of Tears: 4,000 Cherokee died in route to OK
Hartford Convention
Meeting of Federalists from New England, Purpose:discuss ways to demand the federal gov't to pay them for loss of trade , Some suggested secession from the union if the demands were not met, Reps were send to Wash D.C, But news of Treaty of Ghent and Jackson's victory at NO drowned them out, Feds appeared like whiners, unpatriotic, Federalist party dies, Rebirth of Sectional Tensions, Anger from NE towards large southern states
Barbary Pirates
Nations in North Africa who were seizing the US merchant ships during trade, Jefferson's reactions:sends a small fleet of naval ships to stop the pirates, Leads to the Tripolitan Wars (1801-1805), Results- Navy was successful and gains US credibility overseas
Battle of Tippecanoe
Occurred before the outbreak of the War of 1812, Present-day Indiana, American General: William Henry Harrison vs. Tecumseh & The Prophet, Tecumseh & The Prophet, WHH was successful- US wins the battle , NAM threat was removed in the West
Impressment
Of all the causes for the War of 1812, the impressment of American sailors into the Royal Navy was the most important for many Americans. The British practice of manning naval ships with "pressed" men, who were forcibly placed into service, was a common one in English history, dating back to medieval times
Nullification Crisis
People didn't want to pay for the tsriff and threatened to suceed from the union and jackson Protected the power of the fed gov't, Averted a potentially dangerous clash of states rights, Signaled future crises between N vs. S
Missouri Compromise
Proposed by Henry Clay (KY), Missouri wouldbe a slave state, Maine would be admitted as a free state to keep the balance in the Senate, Slavery would not be permitted in states admitted above the 36 30 line , With the exception of Missouri, Lasted for 34 years (1854)
American System
Re-charter of the BUS (yes), Tariffs (Tariff of 1816-yes), Build up America's infrastructure, Turnpikes, Roads, Canals, Monroe vetoed (3rd part) this part of Clay's plan, Monroe felt it wasn't constitutional for the fed gov't to allocate money for these projects in states
Lewis and Clark
TJ employs 2 men:Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, Purposes: to explore the vast territory and fin all-water route from MS to Pacific, When: 1804-1806, Were?: Started in STL, all the way to Pacific, Results: Took lots of notes and observations, expanded America's knowledge of the west, warned of hardships, no all-water route was found
Era of Good Feelings
Term given by a US newspaper that applied to Monroe's presidency, Period of one-party control of gov't DRs, Period of nationalism, Intense patriotism, Reverence for America's heros of the past
Funding at Par
The gov would pay all debts at face value plus interest, this meant the federal gov't assumed all debts of states
Judicial Review
The power of the SC increased, SC could check the authority of both branches
Panic of 1819
Threatened Monroe's "Era of Good Feelings, Over-speculation , On cheap, available land in the west, Wildcat Banks in the West, Loaned money to land buyers on false hope that prices on land would rise...Led to foreclosure, Couldn't pay back the BUS wit hard currency ("specie"), Money supply became severely restricted.
Revolution of 1800
Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated President John Adams, a generation of Democratic-Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System, peaceful transfer of power, not violent
Farewell Address
Warned the infant nation to remain neutral with Europe, Avoid entangling Alliances, Refrain from the formation of factions- i.e. political parties, GW's
Whiskey Rebellion
Who: backcountry farmers, Where: western Pennsylvania, The issue: over the excise tax on whiskey, The farmers supplemented their incomes by distilling whiskey,Violence: Tarring and feathering,Destroying public buildings,Gov't Reaction: GW immediately sends a militia to quell the protest, The new gov asserts its power, Prevented Shays- like fiasco
Non-Intercourse Act
Would replace the Embargo Act, Did it work?- it allowed trade with foreign countries EXCEPT Britain and France
Monroe Doctrine
Written by John Quincy Adams The Secretary of State, Was a warning to the European powers to stay out of the Western Hemisphere, Called for "nonintervention" in Latin America, An end to European colonization, Becomes the basis of US foreign policy, Did it have any credibility?- No because Europe wasn't worried about it Would it have influence in the future?-Yes it set the foundation of American foreign policy
Spoils System
is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party
Embargo Act
prohibits US trade with foreign country, Purpose-TJ hoped that britain and france would be crippled economically, Impact: unsuccessful- it ruined the US economy, NE merchants, Southern farmers, Significance-eventually repealed
What was the Market Revolution? Describe the characteristics and explain its significance.
transformed a subsistence economy of farms and workshops into a nationwide network of industry and commerce, the greater mechanization and a more market-oriented economy and raised legal questions about who on and who lost
Describe the sectionalism of the American economy. Be sure to discuss all 3 regions.
west- was becoming the nation's breadbasket and a granary to the world, hungry for profits south- becoming self sufficient in food production but were land locked north-
